Engineering Commons^™

Power Efficient Optimized Arithmetic And Logic Unit Design On Fpga, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Siddharth Singh Parihar, Prof. Rajni Gupta Gupta

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper deals with low power ALU design and its implementation on 90nm Spartan 3 FPGA. Most of power is consumed in ALU in any processor and hence reduction in ALU power is needed. In this work, we have designed a low power ALU. To reduce dynamic power consumption we disabled the blocks which are not needed in currently selected operation. Also hardware is reused; this will cut down the FPGA resource usage and also reduce the power consumption. By using these methods dynamic power consumption is reduced and less FPGA resources were consumed.

A Simulation Research On Linear Beam Forming Transmission, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Angelo A. Beltran Jr, Francisco I. Alano,, Vernadette B. Alvarez, Rey Jerald D. Habab, Peter Mark P. Buay

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper presents Matlab simulation which was used to create a virtual environment using the graphical user interface that contains parameters to reproduce conditions in real environment situations. The system identifies the signal strength of a signal from an antenna array, which can be directional by using beam forming. The concept allows better reception for intended users and almost no signal for the non intended users.

Face Detection–Based Ergonomic Computer Workstation, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Angelo A. Beltran Jr, Erick Powell S. Baldivicio, Kathleen Zillah G. Espere, Jhalysa Mae R. Maminta, Kimberly D. Villostas

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper presents a approach on how to reduce stress and fatigability in the user’s eyes, muscles and also backbone when the user is using a computer. The study uses image processing technique for the detection of the face of the user. The monitor of the desktop computer is connected with a DC motor that will auto align itself to the face of the user in order to make sure it is in front of the user’s face. If the user moves its head sideward the monitor will align and this will help the user to have movements of the …

Preservation Of Sugarcane Juice Using Hurdle Technology, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Kanishk Rawat, Shourya Pokhriyal

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Sugarcane juice was subjected following treatmentsviz.pasteurizationat80ºCfor10 min + chemicaltreatm ents(KMS @ 150 ppm and citric acid @0.05%);pasteurizationat80ºCfor10 min + chemicaltreatments (KMS @ 150 ppm and citric acid @ 0.05%) + sterilization at 80ºC for 20 min. All the samples were packed in glass bottles, polyethylene Tetrapthelate (PET) bottles and low density polyethylene pouches (LDPE) and then irradiated at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 kGy and stored for 90 days at room and low temperature. On treatment moisture content, ascorbic acid, viable bacterial count and viable yeast and mold count were decreased significantly (P > 0.05) where as no significant effect was observed …

Face Detection–Based Ergonomic Computer Workstation, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Angelo A. Beltran Jr, Erick Powell S. Baldivicio, Kathleen Zillah G. Espere, Jhalysa Mae R. Maminta, Kimberly D. Villostas

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper presents a approach on how to reduce stress and fatigability in the user’s eyes, muscles and also backbone when the user is using a computer. The study uses image processing technique for the detection of the face of the user. The monitor of the desktop computer is connected with a DC motor that will auto align itself to the face of the user in order to make sure it is in front of the user’s face. If the user moves its head sideward the monitor will align and this will help the user to have movements of the …

An Innovative Option For Electrical Energy Conservation With A Step-Up Dcto-Dc Power Converter Based Grid Tie Inverter, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Zaber Hasan Mahmud, Dr. Md. Kamrul Hassan

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Researches on the Photovoltaic (PV) generation are extensively increasing, since it is considered as an essentially indefatigable and broadly available energy resources. Hence, the role of distributed generation i.e. solar energy based generation is increasingly being recognized as a supplement and an alternative to large conventional central power supply but mostly in off-grid areas rather than cities, whereas centralized economic system that solely depends on cities is hampered due to frequent energy deficiency. To extenuate these problems, this paper proposes an optimized design of single phase grid-tied PV system without storage which is employed with transformer-less power circuits. Most precisely …

Embedded System Based Sensor Failiure Detection And Industrial Environment Controll Over Wireless Network, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ravishankar A, Pandian R

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

This paper focus on sensor nodes failure detection monitoring and control process via GSM and ZIGBEE wireless module. The virtual instrumentation process does measure the sensor node characteristics value and control the environment by wireless network. The industrial need does uses four types of sensor gas, radiation, temperature, and smoke sensors. The error occurrence does it’s to be detected and it will be control by the ARM controller. The performances measures does it can be monitor and also be indicated and also be control through the WSN network. The data logging of sensor monitoring and its control functions are realized …

Dynamic Channel Allocation Technique For Distributed Multi-Radio Multichannel Multi-Path Routing Protocol In Wireless Mesh Networks, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Shreenidhi. P.L, Ranganath H R, Puttamadappa C, Basavaraju T G

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have gained main attraction in providing flexible network services and support to the end users. There are many efforts seen to design robust routing protocol for WMNs and solutions are proposed to standardized channel allocation techniques. There are various approaches dedicated to maximize the network though put and minimize network interface. Existing multi radio multi channel routing protocols utilize only single channel situation and static channel allocation degrades the performance of the WMNs. The challenge is to allocate channel without link interference and to improve end-to-end throughput efficiency in multipath routing for WMNs. In this paper, …

Performance Comparison Of Windowing Techniques For Ecg Signal Enhancement, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, K.Sravan Kumar, Babak Yazdanpanah, Dr.G.S.N Raju

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is generally corrupted by various artifacts like baseline wander, power line interference (50/60 Hz) and electromyography noise and these must be removed before diagnosis. The task propounded in this article is removal of low frequency interference i.e. baseline wandering and high frequency noise i.e. electromyography in ECG signal and digital filters are implemented to delete it. The digital filters accomplished are FIR with various windowing methods as of Rectangular, Hann, Blackman, Hamming, and Kaiser. The results received are at order of 300,450,600.The signal taken of the MIT-BIH database which contains the normal and abnormal waveforms. The work …

- Software Reuse, Component Clustering, Faceted Classification, Grade Strategy., Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Syed Misbahuddin

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Some Embedded systems involve multiple processors connected by a communication medium. These processors communicate with each other exchanging short messages using some message based communication protocols such as Controller Area Network (CAN), SAE J1939 etc. With the induction of new features inside such networks, the number of messages will increase. The increase of messages may affect the network performance for a given network characteristics. Performance evaluation of a message based networks is therefore desired with increasing message load. This paper presents the performance evaluation of message based embedded communication networks. Several parameters have been estimated as function of number of …

A New Compensation Technique For Stable The Gain Of Sub-Micron Amplifiers, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Billu. Balaji, Dr.V. Thrimurthulu, L.Mihira Priya

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Process variation is an difficulty in designing reliable CMOS mixed signal systems with high yield. To minimize the variation in voltage gain due to variations in process, supply voltage, and temperature for common trans conductance-based amplifiers, we present a new compensation method based on statistical feedback of process information. We further apply our scheme to two well known amplifier topologies in the sun-micron CMOS process as design examples—an inductive degenerated low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a common source amplifier (CSA). The proposed method improves the variation in S21 of an inductively degenerated cascade LNA from 8.75% to 1.27%, which is a …

Artificial Bee Colony-Based Design Of Optimal On-Line Self-Tuning Pidcontroller Fed Ac Drives, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Essamudin A. Ebrahim

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper, an optimization method based on the foraging behavior of a colony of honey bees in nature was proposed. An optimized model for Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)- speed controller of 3-phase IM drives was introduced to adapt the constant gains of this classical controller. To enhance robustness of this controller, an online algorithm for self-tuning of PID controller-parameters was proposed. Experimental work was introduced using DSP and test results were obtained for several speed trajectories of 2-degree of freedom IM drive and compared with conventional PID controllers.

Topology Aware Auto-Configuration In Wireless Sensor Network, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Muhammad Zeshan Alam, Muhammad Baseer Ur Rehmansheikh, Arooba Zeshan

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Wireless sensor network consists of a number of energy constrained sensors which are densely deployed in large geographical area. We consider dynamic configuration of wireless sensor networks, where certain functions can be automatically assigned to nodes at any time of network operations, based on the parameters such as remaining energy and topology changes. In order to achieve the topological controlled network reconfiguration the received signal strength indication value along with battery level of nodes were used which indicate any changes in the network layout and remaining energy of the nodes. Based on these two parameters new tasks were then assigned …

Frequency Monitoring Network (Fnet) Data Center Development And Data Analysis, Ye Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) is an Internet-based, wide-area phasor measurement system that collects power system data using Frequency Disturbance Recorders (FDRs) that are installed at the distribution level. The FNET data center enables the monitoring of bulk power systems, and provides wide-area situational awareness and disturbance analysis for understanding power system disturbances and system operations. Therefore, the data center plays a very critical role in the entire FNET system framework.

In recent years, many potential challenges brought by the rapid expansion of the FNET system have underlined the importance of designing the next-generation FNET data center. More discussions about the …

Split-Step Approach To Electromagnetic Propagation Through Atmospheric Turbulence Using The Modified Von Karman Spectrum And Planar Apertures, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Fathi H.A. Mohamed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The impact of atmospheric phase turbulence on Gaussian beam propagation along propagation paths of varying lengths is examined using multiple random phase screens. The work is motivated by research involving generation and encryption of acousto-optic chaos, and the interest in examining propagation of such chaotic waves through atmospheric turbulence. A phase screen technique is used to simulate perturbations to the refractive index of the medium through the propagation path. A power spectral density based on the modified von Karman spectrum model for turbulence is used to describe the random phase behavior of the medium.

In recent work, results for the …

A Further Look At Capacitors In Complex Arrangements, Kenneth V. Cartwright, Patrick Russell, Edit J. Kaminsky

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

Recently, a previous contributor showed how the delta-wye conversion may be applied to find the equivalent capacitance of five capacitors arranged in a bridge configuration. In fact, that contributor gave an algorithm for this purpose which showed that the equivalent capacitance depends upon all five capacitors. However, in this paper, we point out that there is a special case where the equivalent capacitance does not depend upon one of the five capacitors.

Finding The Minimum Input Impedance Of A Second-Order Twofold-Gain Sallen-Key Low-Pass Filter Without Calculus, Kenneth V. Cartwright, Edit J. Kaminsky

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

We derive an expression for the input complex impedance of a Sallen-Key second-order low-pass filter of twofold gain as a function of the natural frequency ωo and the quality factor Q. From this expression, it is shown that the filter behaves like a Frequency Dependent Negative Resistance (FDNR) element for low frequencies and as a single resistor at high frequencies. Furthermore, the minimum input impedance magnitude is found without using calculus. We discovered that the minimum input impedance magnitude is inversely proportional to Q and can be substantially less than its high-frequency value. Approximations to the minimum input impedance and …

The Progressive Development Of Turbulence Statistics And Its Impact On Wind Power Predictability, Thomas Woolmington, Keith Sunderland, Jonathan Blackledge, Michael Conlon

Articles

Wind resource assessment is a critical parameter in a diverse range of considerations within the built environment. Engineers and scientists, engaging in building design, energy conservation/application and air-quality/air-pollution control measures, need to be cognisant of how the associated wind resource imposes increased complexities in their design and modelling processes. In this regard, the morphological heterogeneities within these environments, present significant challenges to quantifying the resource and its turbulent characteristics.

This paper presents three aspects of turbulence assessment within the built environment. Firstly, an analysis of how turbulence is currently quantified is considered. The industry standard, Turbulent Intensity (TI) is compared …

Steps Toward A Net-Zero Campus With Renewable Energy Resources, Andrew Clarke

All Dissertations

With the increasing attention and support behind plug in hybrid electric vehicles, research must be conducted to examine the impacts of vehicles on electric distribution and transmission systems. This research aims first to model the behavior of vehicle battery chargers during system disturbances and mitigate any impacts. A distribution test system example is modeled and several different vehicle charger topologies are added. Faults are applied to the distribution system with vehicle chargers connected and the results are examined. Based on these results, a control strategy to mitigate their negative impacts is suggested. Photovoltaic panels are then added to the system …

Improved Performance Of Analog And Digital Acousto-Optic Modulation With Feedback Under Profiled Beam Propagation For Secure Communication Using Chaos, Fares S. Almehmadi, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Using intensity feedback, the closed-loop behavior of an acousto-optic hybrid device under profiled beam propagation has been recently shown to exhibit wider chaotic bands potentially leading to an increase in both the dynamic range and sensitivity to key parameters that characterize the encryption. In this work, a detailed examination is carried out vis-à-vis the robustness of the encryption/decryption process relative to parameter mismatch for both analog and pulse code modulation signals, and bit error rate (BER) curves are used to examine the impact of additive white noise.

The simulations with profiled input beams are shown to produce a stronger encryption …

Radiation-Induced Effects In Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices And Films, Kasandra Wolf

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Continued scaling of memory devices has produced many issues for the current foremost non-volatile memory—the flash memory—leading to the emergence of a wide variety of alternative memory solutions. Redox Conductive Bridge Memory (RCBM) is one such solution that has shown great promise in recent years. However, the performance of these devices under radiation conditions has not been explored in detail. This work investigates the effects of x-rays and electron bombardment on chalcogenide glasses and RCBM devices based on these materials.

RCBM devices are a form of Resistance Change Memory, which rely on two distinct resistive states to represent the binary …

A Novel Transport Based Model For Wire Media And Its Application To Scattering Problems, Ebrahim Forati

Theses and Dissertations

Artificially engineered materials, known as metamaterials, have attracted the interest of researchers because of the potential for novel applications. Effective modeling of metamaterials is a crucial step for analyzing and synthesizing devices. In this thesis, we focus on wire medium (both isotropic and uniaxial) and validate a novel transport based model for them.

Scattering problems involving wire media are computationally intensive due to the spatially dispersive nature of homogenized wire media. However, it will be shown that using the new model to solve scattering problems can simplify the calculations a great deal.

For scattering problems, an integro-differential equation based on …

Speech Perception In Reverberated Condition By Cochlear Implants, Moulesh Bhandary

Theses and Dissertations

Previous Studies for bilateral cochlear implants users examined cocktail -party setting under anechoic listening conditions. However in real world listeners always encounter problems of reverberation, which could significantly deteriorate speech intelligibility for all listeners, independent of their hearing status.

The object of this study is to investigate the effects of reverberation on the binaural benefits for speech recognition by bilateral cochlear-implant (CI) listeners.

Bilateral CI subject was tested under different reverberation conditions. IEEE recorded sentences from one male speaker mixed with either speech shaped noise (ssn), energy masking, or with 2 female competing takers (2fsn), informational masking, at different signal …

Modeling Sustainability In Renewable Energy Supply Chain Systems, Fei Xie

All Dissertations

This dissertation aims at modeling sustainability of renewable fuel supply chain systems against emerging challenges. In particular, the dissertation focuses on the biofuel supply chain system design, and manages to develop advanced modeling framework and corresponding solution methods in tackling challenges in sustaining biofuel supply chain systems. These challenges include: (1) to integrate 'environmental thinking' into the long-term biofuel supply chain planning; (2) to adopt multimodal transportation to mitigate seasonality in biofuel supply chain operations; (3) to provide strategies in hedging against uncertainty from conversion technology; and (4) to develop methodologies in long-term sequential planning of the biofuel supply chain …

Indirect Matrix Converter As Standard Power Electronic Interface, Andrés Escobar-Mejía

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The increase in the penetration levels of distributed generation in the modern power grid and its importance in future energy systems have accelerated the interest of developing new power electronic interfaces for the energy conversion process. The feasibility of applying the indirect matrix converter as the standard power electronic interface for applications with power ratings from several kW to few MW is addressed in this dissertation. Special attention is given to those applications where space dominates the power electronic requirements. The main motivation for using the indirect matrix converter is that eliminates the energy storage component in the way of …

Photoelectric Characterization Of Bacteriorhodopsin Reconstituted In Lipid Bilayer Membrane, Joel Kamwa

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this work was to conduct basic research in biologically inspired energy conversion solutions. A photosynthetic protein (Bacteriorhodopsin) was reconstituted in a bi-layer membrane. Then, when a laser beam was shined on the membrane, the photon energy was used by the protein to pump protons across the membrane. The translocation of protons across the membrane was measured as photocurrent. For this purpose, a system was built to characterize the lipid bilayer membranes and to measure the photocurrent. The lipid bilayer membrane was characterized by its capacitance and resistance. A picoampere photocurrent was observed when Bacteriorhodopsin protein was present …

Gesn Devices For Short-Wave Infrared Optoelectronics, Benjamin Ryan Conley

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The electronics industry has a large silicon infrastructure for the manufacture of complementary-metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based electronics. The increasing density of Si based circuits has set a pace that is now pushing the physical limits of connectivity between devices over conventional wire based links. This has driven the increasing interest in Si based optoelectronics and to use the groundwork already established by the electronics industry for lower cost optical communications. The greatest limitation to this effort has been the incorporation of a Si based laser, which requires integration of a direct bandgap material within this CMOS process.

The Ge1-xSnx …

Designing And Implementing A Micro-Controller Based Primary-Side Sensing Flyback Converter For Leds Driver, Nam Nhat Tran

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The fast development of LED and its applications has enabled a new generation of lighting device with higher efficiency and long lifespan. By employing a primary-side sensing flyback converter and the PIC18F micro-controller series, an LED driver could achieve two important features: (1) the compatibility with the available lighting fixtures, and (2) reducing unit price. The flyback converter was chosen for its simplicity, competitive low cost, and its ability to provide a constant output current, a necessarily important factor to an LED driver. Meanwhile, the PIC18F micro-controller series offer numerous advanced features which include but not limited to pulse-width modulation …

Studies Of Imbalance Difference Theory In Modeling Conversion Between Differential Mode And Common Mode Signals, Li Niu

All Dissertations

This dissertation describes three related studies regarding the imbalance difference theory in modeling the conversion between differential mode and common mode/antenna mode signals. The topics covered are: rigorous derivation of imbalance difference theory for modeling radiated emission problems, modeling the conversion between differential mode and common mode propagation in transmission lines, and modeling the loading impedance on differential mode signals due to radiated emissions. The imbalance difference theory describes a method for calculating the coupling between differential mode signals and common mode signals due to changes in electrical balance on a transmission line. It provides both physical insight and a …

Design Of A High Performance Silicon Carbide Cmos Operational Amplifier, Shaila Amin Bhuyan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the design, simulation, layout and test results of a silicon carbide (SiC) CMOS two-stage operational amplifier (op amp) with NMOS input stage. The circuit has been designed to provide a stable open-loop voltage gain (60 dB), unity-gain bandwidth (around 5 MHz) and maintain a high CMRR and PSRR within a useful input common mode range over process corners and a wide temperature range (25 °C - 300 °C). Between the two stages a Miller compensation topology is placed to improve the phase margin (around 45°). Due to the comparatively high threshold voltage values of transistors in SiC, …