Education Commons^™

G86-820 How To Maximize Income By Managing Days Dry, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits of maintaining the optimum calving interval and offers suggestions for accomplishing this reproductive management technique.

Most dairy producers are aware that an optimum calving interval is 365 days. This is a normal lactation length of 305 days with a dry period of 60 days. This interval is often looked at as a goal to strive toward rather than a goal that must be reached to maximize income from the sale of milk.

G86-815 Reproductive Problems In Rams, Alan R. Doster, Dale M. Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Systematic examination of all males to be used for breeding can prevent reproductive failure, minimize nonpregnant ewes, and increase numbers of lambs born early during lambing season.

The importance of using only highly fertile, healthy rams in breeding programs cannot be overemphasized. This is especially true in the case of small producers where only one ram is required. The ram represents an often neglected part of sheep production.

Ec86-219 1986 Nebraska Swine Report, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman, M. C. Brumm, David P. Shelton, Keith L. Vacha, J. A. Deshazer, Gerald Bodman, James W. Lamkey, Roger W. Mandigo, Chris R. Calkins, Larry W. Hand, Steven J. Goll, E. R. Peo Jr., Roy Carlson, Austin J. Lewis, Fayrene Hamouz, Lee I. Chiba, Joy L. Kovar, Joel H. Brendemuhl, Alex Hogg, William G. Kvasnicka, Clayton L. Kelling, Duane E. Reese, William Ahlschwede, J. D. Kopf

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1986 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G86-775 Prussic Acid Poisoning, Norman Shcneider, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Prussic acid poisoning and its treatment are discussed in this NebGuide, along with methods to reduce its occurrence.

Sudangrass, forage sorghum, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are often used for summer pasture, green chop, hay, or silage. Under certain conditions, livestock consuming these feedstuffs may be poisoned by prussic acid (HCN).

Exposure to excessive prussic acid--also called hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, or cyanide--can be fatal. However, producers can manage and feed their livestock to avoid problems with prussic acid.

G86-799 Health Management And Recommended Vaccinations For Dairy Replacements, Duane Rice, R. Gene White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the importance of having a good vaccination schedule, and provides recommendations on which vaccinations to give, depending on variables. Correct management decisions are necessary to realize maximum returns on investments in any dairy operation. Dairymen sometimes assume there is a quick remedy for health problems, but the prevention of disease is by far less expensive. Preventing health problems in the dairy herd goes much further than using a veterinarian to treat individual animals with emergency problems. A veterinarian with experience and a genuine interest in dairy cattle is essential to assist the dairyman with herd health problems. …

G86-797 Causes Of Vaccination-Immunization Failures In Livestock, Duane Rice, E. Denis Erickson, Dale Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses reasons why vaccinations fail to provide immunity against disease, and how to prevent this from happening.

To comprehend the many reasons for vaccine failure, it is important to understand how animals and humans have the ability to resist infectious diseases. It is also important to know what a disease is and how it affects the animal.

According to Stedman's Dictionary, disease is an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, systems or organs. Diseases may be obvious even to the untrained eye, or detectable only by sophisticated testing procedures (subclinical disease). Serious irreversible damage may be …

G86-818 How To Use The Milk Progesterone Tests, Larry L. Larson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the basis for milk progesterone tests, using the test to confirm estrus, as an early indicator of pregnancy, and the availability and costs of kits. Milk progesterone test kits are now commercially available for on-farm use. Correct interpretation of the test results requires accurate estrous detection and good records. Properly used, these tests can help determine (1) if a cow is near estrus and potentially could conceive if bred, or (2) as an early indicator of pregnancy.

G86-822 How To Estimate A Dairy Herd's Reproductive Losses, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Remedies for herd losses caused by calving interval, dry periods, A.I. performance, and age at first freshening.

One of the major areas of lost income to the dairy producer is in the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. These losses are often overlooked because they are indirect costs. If producers could be given a monthly bill indicating the amount of money that improper reproductive management has cost them, then drastic changes would occur.

The majority of reproductive losses occur in the following areas:

1. Calving interval too long or too short.

2. Dry period too long or too short.

3. …

Ec85-219 1985 Nebraska Swine Report, Roger J. Kittok, James E. Kinder, Rodger K. Johnson, Donald G. Levis, R. K. Christenson, Casey B. Frye, Chris R. Calkins, Roger W. Mandigo, Robert M. Timm, Daryl D. Fisher, Roy Carlson, E.R. Peo Jr., William R. Schneider, Martin L. Wiernusz, Alex Hogg, R. D. Fritschen, Lee I. Chiba, William Ahlschwede, M. C. Brumm, D. Carlson, G.W. Jesse, H.F. Mayes, G.M. Zinn, J.A. Deshazer, Jerry D. Plessing, Dennis D. Schulte, Marcus J. Milanuk, Gerald Bodman, Laverne E. Stetson, Jack L. Schinstock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1985 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G85-747 Enteric Diseases (Scours) Of Swine, Alex Hogg, Alfonso Torres

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes four major enteric diseases of swine, and discusses the cause, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, treatment, and control of each.

Four of the most important infectious enteric diseases of swine are reviewed in this publication. These include colibacillosis, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), rotavirus, and enterotoxemia (clostridial enteritis). A fifth disease, swine dysentery, is discussed in NebGuide G85-748.

G85-761 Feed Additives For Beef Cattle, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses feed additives, including how they work, feeding restrictions and feeding recommendations.

One of the best methods to reduce feed costs is through the use of feed additives. Their primary effects are to improve feed efficiency and/or daily gain. Some feed additives have secondary benefits which include reducing the incidence of acidosis, coccidiosis, and grain bloat, while others suppress estrus, reduce liver abscesses, or control foot rot problems.

Feed additives can be divided into five general categories: 1) ionophores; 2) antibiotics; 3) estrus suppressants; 4) buffers; and 5) others. Each feed additive has its own characteristics and feeding …

G85-755 How To Set Goals For Your Breeding Program, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how to determine which trait(s) to select for, and how multiple trait selection affects genetic progress.

Dairy producers are often concerned with placing emphasis on different production traits in their breeding program. Selecting on only economically important traits should be the objective of every producer. The use of artificial insemination (A.I.) sires is the most economical and productive way to increase the genetic potential of the herd.

A cow's record is a measure of her genetic potential, which is modified by the environment in which she is kept. Environmental factors that directly influence a cow's record include …

Ec84-219 1984 Nebraska Swine Report, Mark Crenshaw, Murray Danielson, Duane Reese, E.R. Peo Jr., Jim L. Nelssen, Austin J. Lewis, William Ahlschwede, R. K. Johnson, Roger W. Mandigo, C.T. Wang, R. D. Fritschen, S. Kay Rockwell, Marilyn Goding, William R. Lamberson, M. C. Brumm, Donald G. Levis, R. K. Christenson, Dwane R. Zimmerman, Colleen Kelly, Jack Kopf, Chris R. Calkins, C.B. Frye, Roger W. Mandigo, Raymond A. Valvano, Dale Hill, Larry Bitney

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1984 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G84-696 Small Grains For Silage Or Hay, Paul Q. Guyer, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using small grains for silage or hay, including handling, storage, feeding, animal performance, and nitrate toxicity potential.

Small grain crops are potentially important sources of high quality forage. Harvesting small grains for hay or silage rather than as grain may mean increased dollar returns per acre. Small grain silage or hay represents more total nutrient production per acre than harvest as grain and, when fed to ruminants, results in increased animal production.

G84-694 New Protein Values For Ingredients Used In Growing Cattle Rations, Rick Stock, Terry L. Mader, Terry Klopfenstein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide assigns new protein values to feeds and describes two new systems for evaluating supplemental protein sources. Information about protein sources has changed greatly in the last 10 years. Words like "bypass," "escape," or "slowly degraded" have been used to describe some proteins. These terms have the same meaning and refer to a protein source's ability to escape breakdown in the rumen. Ingredient tables usually only list the crude protein content of feeds. Although this has been a useful system, it does not adequately evaluate supplemental protein sources. Digestible protein values have helped describe some forages, but can be …

G83-678 Producing Milk With A Low Bacteria Count, Stanely E. Wallen, Don J. Kubik, Stephen L. James, Daniel J. Borer, Gerald R. Bodman, E. Denis Erickson, Duane N. Rice, Philip H. Cole, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides cleaning, sanitizing, mechanical, environmental and other procedures to follow to assure a low bacterial count in milk. Bacteria are tiny, rapidly reproducing microorganisms that are too small to be seen without a high power microscope. Their very tiny size makes it very difficult to eliminate them from dairy equipment. Because bacterial growth in milk may cause spoilage and possibly human illnesses, a low bacterial count is one of the best indicators of top quality milk. Milk will almost always be of top quality if properly harvested from healthy, clean cows with clean equipment, cooled quickly and kept …

Ec83-219 1983 Nebraska Swine Report, J. D. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo Jr., R. D. Fritschen, Roy L. Carlson, Rodger K. Johnson, William Ahlschwede, Robert M. Timm, Murray Danielson, J. B. Campbell, Gary L. Asche, Austin J. Lewis, A. D. Flowerday, Warren William Sahs, M. C. Brumm, J. A. Deshazer, Douglas G. Overhults, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder, Temple Grandin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1983 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G83-666 Breeding Soundness Examination Of Beef Bulls, James A. Gosey

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes factors to consider when evaluating a beef bull's reproductive ability. These include the reproductive tract, semen and mating desire. A herd bull that will settle a higher percentage of cows during a limited breeding season is essential to a successful cow-calf operation. In many cow-calf operations, however, the bull's role in the herd's reproductive performance is taken for granted. The bull's fertility is several times more important than that of a cow. Each bull can be expected to settle as many as 30 cows. The bull also contributes half of the genetic potential of the entire calf …

G83-655 Management Of Early Weaned Calves, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the benefits and disadvantages of weaning beef calves early, including rations and methods for both drylot and pasture-grain feeding programs.

Early weaning of beef calves is a management practice that should be considered under situations such as fall calving, drylot cow-calf production and drought. In areas where forage quality is very poor in late summer and early fall, early weaning might also be considered as a regular practice. Early weaning can enhance the efficiency of drylot cow-calf operations by allowing greater use of poor quality roughages by the cow herd.

Ec82-219 1982 Nebraska Swine Report, Layne C. Anderson, Austin J. Lewis, Alex Hogg, Murray Danielson, D.B. Hudman, D.M. Danielson, M. A. Crenshaw, Roy L. Carlson, E.R. Peo Jr., J. D. Crenshaw, M. C. Brumm, Ron J. Johnson, Erik R. Cleveland, Rodger K. Johnson, Roger W. Mandigo, P.J. Cunningham, Phil David, T. E. Socha, William Ahlschwede, David P. Shelton, Richard O. Pierce, Gerald Bodman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1982 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Ec81-219, 1981 Nebraska Swine Report, D.B. Hudman, Donald L. Ferguson, D.M. Danielson, Robert M. Timm, Duane E. Reese, Bobby D. Moser, Alex Hogg, Michael F. Kocher, Gerald Bodman, Eugene J. Veburg, J.A. Deshazer, Dennis D. Schulte, Austin J. Lewis, Larry Bitney, E.R. Peo Jr., Kelly Keaschall, Roger W. Mandigo, T.S. Janssen, M.L. Lesiak, D.G. Olson, M. C. Brumm, M.P. Mcginley, William Ahlschwede, Dwane R. Zimmerman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1981 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G81-542 The Home Laying Flock, Part Ii Management, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains management suggestions pertinent to the home laying flock.

NebGuide G81-541, The Home Laying Flock, Part I: Getting Started, provides information on the early decisions, housing, equipment and some management procedures related to these topics. This NebGuide covers other management suggestions pertinent to the home laying flock.

G81-556 Using The California Mastitis Test (Cmt) To Detect Subclinical Mastitis, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Apparently healthy cows can harbor subclinical mastitis, which creates tremendous loss in milk production. This NebGuide offers a method for detecting this disease.

The dairyman is generally aware of clinical mastitis because it can be seen as changes in the milk, swollen udder and other signs exhibited by the cow. Compared with subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis is much less costly, is of short duration, tends to be an individual cow problem, and is detected without special tests.

Unfortunately, the apparently healthy cow can harbor subclinical mastitis, which creates tremendous loss in milk production. A cow with subclinical mastitis does not …

Ec80-219 1980 Nebraska Swine Report, Roger W. Mandigo, Louise M. Dalton, Dennis G. Olson, Clayton L. Kelling, Roy Carlson, E. R. Peo Jr., T.J. Janssen, F. Caporaso, Donald G. Levis, Michael Brumm, David P. Shelton, D.M. Danielson, William Ahlschwede, Robert M. Timm, Bobby D. Moser, Elbert C. Dickey, Gerald Bodman, Austin Lewis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1980 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G80-524 Incubation For The Home Flock, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide covers how to build and operate an incubator to hatch eggs for a home flock.

Various makes and models of commercial incubators are available for use by the home flock owner.

Ec79-219 1979 Nebraska Swine Report, R. D. Fritschen, B.D. Moser, Gayle Watts, Erik R. Cleveland, P.J. Cunningham, R. K. Johnson, Austin J. Lewis, William Ahlschwede, Alex Hogg, Gerald Bodman, Dwane R. Zimmerman, R.D. Geisert, E.R. Peo Jr., Roy Carlson, D.M. Danielson, D.S. Pollmann, M.A. Crenshaw, D.K. O'Connell, Roger W. Mandigo, D.G. Olson, Elbert C. Dickey, B.L. Seman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1979 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Ec78-219 1978 Nebraska Swine Report, Dwane R. Zimmerman, Roger Kinsey, Roy Carlson, Bobby D. Moser, Dean Boyd, Wayne R. Cast, R. D. Fritschen, Donald L. Ferguson, Jerry Jensen, E. R. Peo Jr., James A. Deshazer, David P. Shelton, D. M. Danielson, M.E. England, D.S. Pollman, Bruce Treffer, William Ahlschwede, Larry W. Olson, T. E. Socha

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1978 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G78-396 Making Quality Corn And Sorghum Silage (Revised December 1986), Paul G. Guyer, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Harvesting corn and sorghum forage as silage is popular because it adapts to complete mechanization of forage production, harvesting, and feeding. It fits operations where capital can profitably replace labor. If you are going to harvest corn and sorghum forage as silage you need to make quality silage. Here's how.

Ec77-219 Nebraska Swine Report, E. R. Peo Jr., Clayton L. Kelling, Alex Hogg, Oliver D. Grace, Larry Bitney, Michael Duffy, Bobby D. Moser, William Ahlschwede, R. D. Fritschen, Keith E. Gilster, Wayne J. Hansen, Dwane R. Zimmerman, P.J. Cunningham, Roger W. Mandigo, J.F. Campbell, James Drake Heldt, Murray Danielson, Mike Cooksley, Steve Pohl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1977 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G77-363 Vitamin Requirements Of Beef Cattle, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Vitamins are organic substances that are required in very small quantities for various metabolic functions. Twenty-five to 30 have been identified, but cattle can synthesize all that are needed of these vitamins in the rumen except for two or three. Even though the supplemental amounts needed of these two or three vitamins (A and possibly D and E) are quite small, a deficiency can have a drastic effect on the animal. The NebGuide discusses these effects.