Education Commons^™

G96-1306 Feeding Dairy Cows To Reduce Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Potassium Excretion Into The Environment, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses feeding strategies to optimize dairy cow performance while minimizing negative environmental impacts.

Reducing N, P and K Excretion--The Challenge

Increasingly, our society demands livestock production systems that not only produce economic, high-quality food products, but also minimize negative environmental impacts. Feeding management has improved continuously and helps explain increases in milk production averages. The future challenge for dairy producers and nutritionists will be to properly formulate rations for high production levels while simultaneously minimizing the environmental impact of excessive N, P and K excretion in the urine and manure. A realistic approach will be to keep formulation …

Ec96-824 Dairy Economics In Nebraska: An Analysis Of Costs And Returns And Comparisons With Other States, H. Douglas Jose, Richard J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Dairy Economics in Nebraska

The dairy sector is undergoing major structural changes and economic adjustments. The industry is also becoming more market oriented as government price supports decline. Increased competitiveness has kept milk prices relatively stable, but increased grain and other input costs in 1995-96 have put increased pressure on profit margins which were already narrow.

This publication is a compilation of data related to the current economics of dairy farming. The objective is to provide data to help dairy farmers make adjustments in their operations, such as expanding their herds, and to provide basic data for operators setting up …

Ec95-273 Swine Nutrition Guide, Duane Reese, Robert C. Thaler, Mike Brumm, Austin J. Lewis, Philip S. Miller, George W. Libal

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication is a revision of the previous swine nutrition publication prepared by the Universityof Nebraska and South DakotaState University. The focus of the publication continues to be on nutrient recommendations for swine. Specific factors (nutritional, environmental and managerial) that affect nutrient recommendations have been considered and discussed. We believe that the identification and description of the factors provide the framework for the nutrient recommendations presented inTables 11 to 16. Industry advisors representing various facets of the pork industry were recruited to review and challenge the concepts incorporated in this publication. Also, in situations where “gray areas” existed, these industry …

G95-1256 Managing Dairy Cattle For Cow Comfort And Maximum Intake, Rick J. Grant, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes housing, milking, and feeding systems that promote cow comfort, maximum feed intake, and profitability.

The goal of every dairy producer should be to provide housing and milking environments that promote cow comfort, milk production, and herd health. Feeding systems and strategies should maximize feed intake and ensure proper body condition. Cow movement to and from the parlor should be gentle and considerate.

Cow comfort can make a difference of several thousand pounds of rolling herd average milk production between two herds with similar genetics and rations. The successful producer will create a cow environment that minimizes stress, …

G95-1271 Mastitis Is A Disease -- Control Is An Everyday Task, Gerald R. Bodman, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A comprehensive mastitis control program will effectively control infections caused by both environmental and contagious pathogens.

Herd mastitis problems can be caused by both environmental and contagious pathogens (disease-causing organisms). These problems may occur separately or simultaneously. Various testing techniques are necessary to determine the type of causative organism and the infection level of the herd or individual cow. Appropriate tests include the CMT (California Mastitis Test), milk market somatic cell count (SCC), Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) SCC and laboratory cultures of milk from infected cows. Depending upon test results, mastitis control strategies may need to be changed to …

G95-1238 1995 Usda Sire Evaluation Changes, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication discusses the 1995 USDA Sire Evaluation Report and its impact for dairy producers.

The January 1995 USDA Sire Evaluation Report incorporates changes that will not only increase the accuracy of prediction for cow and sire evaluations, but also includes a base change. Major changes included:

1. new Mature Equivalent Factors,

2. adjustments incorporated for days open,

3. and the genetic base year changed to 1990.

Let's discuss each change and look at how these changes will effect the 1995 proofs.

Ec94-271 Understanding Mare Reproduction, Kathleen P. Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Many producers who raise horses find breeding mares rewarding, yet frustrating. Mares and stallions are traditionally placed in the breeding herd due to successful performance records, with littie considerations for their reproductive capacibilities. Basic understanding of the mare's reproductive physiology can improve reproductive efficiency and foaling rates. A mare manager's goal should be to get the maximum number of mares pregnant, in the shortest amount of time, and to deliver a live, healthy foal each year.

Rp94-529 Porcine Somatotropin (Pst), Palmer J. Holden

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

What is porcine somatotropin (pST)?

Porcine somatotropin, abbreviated as pST, is a growth hormone naturally produced in pigs. The word "porcine" refers to pigs, and the word "somatotropin" means body growth and refers to the name of the hormones.

This research publication discusses what porcine somatotropin is, how scientists developed pST, how the protein nature affects its use, what research shows, is pST safe and will consumers accept it, and what is pST's future.

G94-1234 Should You Consider Expanding Your Dairy Herd?, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses both the benefits and possible drawbacks from expanding an existing dairy operation.

Nebraska's dairy industry is going through a transition. Producers are beginning to ask the question, "Should I expand, and if so, how large should my herd become?" Before considering this issue, the producer should first ask, "Do I really want to expand?" Expansion can be, and in many cases is, a traumatic experience, not only to the producer, but also to the producer's family. Every segment of the dairy enterprise should be consulted before making a decision. Call a family gathering and discuss this question …

Mp92-64 The Stable Fly: A Pest Of Humans And Domestic Animals, Gustave D. Thomas, Steven R. Skoda

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Many species of flies are pests. Many people, if you were to ask them about flies, would be at least vaguely aware of the potential to flies to transmit disease organisms. But yet, for the most part, a fly is a fly is a fly. Sayings like "It must be about to rain, the house flies are biting" are still common and show a general need for more, readily accessible information, particularly about some of the pest flies.

Stable flies, obligate blood-feeders, are very important pests to the cattle industry and, at times, are pests to other groups (they're most …

Ec92-219 Nebraska Swine Report, Robert A. Kunkle, Gerald Duhamel, Alex Hogg, Paul M. Ermer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin J. Lewis, Gary F. Louis, Joel Wenninghoff, Randy Saner, Sara Wiseman, Murray Danielson, Karen J. Wedekind, Barbara E. Straw, Jerre Johnson, Duane Reese, Jeff Ingalls, Clyde H. Naber, Michael C. Brumm, George Vatzias, Dwane R. Zimmerman, William Ahlschwede, William C. Weldon, Larry L. Bitney

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1992 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Ec91-219 Nebraska Swine Report, Chris R. Calkins, Rodger Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman, Luis Gama, Murray Danielson, Joel Wenninghoff, Randy Saner, Austin J. Lewis, Mark A. Giesemann, William C. Weldon, Steven L. Christianson, Ernest R. Peo Jr., James Friesen, Azzeddine Azzam, Larry L. Bitney, Michael C. Brumm, Vernon B. Mayrose, Duane Reese, Brian S. Knust, Clyde H. Naber, Jeff Damme, Darryl Barnhill, Jung-Ho Son, Robert Knox, Gene G. Gourley, Diane K. Fraser, W.M. Greeley, William Ahlschwede, Dale Kabes

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1991 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Ec91-269 Domestic Poultry Feed Formulation Guide, Earl W. Gleaves, Thomas W. Sullivan, F. John Struwe

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication provides basic, practical information about nturition and diet requirements for poultry. Nutrient requirements, diet formulations, feed ingredient analyses, and feeding methods are ever changing. Feed cost is the largest single item of expense in producing poultry meat or eggs. Poultry producers should adopt a comprehensive feeding program based on sound nutrition principles tailored to a specific production purpose. This publication provides the basis for such a feeding program.

Ec90-219 1990 Nebraska Swine Report, M. C. Brumm, Jan Mohrmann, Larry L. Bitney, Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Pushpa Srikumaran, Sally A. Breisch, Steven J. Weiss, Gary A. Anderson, Donald G. Levis, Duane Reese, Luis Gama, Clyde Naber, Terry Radke, Edd Clemens, Alyce Zalesky, Dennis Schulte, Gerald R. Bodman, Marcus Milanuk, David P. Shelton, Joe D. Hancock, E.R. Peo, Austin J. Lewis, Mark A. Giesemann, Lee I. Chiba, Gary F. Louis, William C. Weldon, Robert V. Knox, Murray Danielson, William Ahlschwede, Rodger K. Johnson, Gregg Eckardt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1990 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

Rp367 Strategies For Feeding The Ewe Flock, R.M. Jordan

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication covers the strategies of feeding the ewe flock from aspects to consider and problems likely to be encountered, useful feed consumption data, characteristics of feedstuffs for sheep, pastures, mineral deficiencies and toxicities, and feeding the ewe.

G90-978 Byproduct Feedstuffs For Beef And Dairy Cattle, Don J. Kubik, Rick Stock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide details the type of byproduct feedstuffs available for beef and dairy cattle, a description of their characteristics and discussion of their nutrient value. Byproduct feeds have become a stabilizing factor in the economic success of many beef and dairy operations. Byproduct feeds are the residue that remains after feeds have been processed. The processing of soybeans into soybean meal results in a large supply of soybean hulls. Processing corn into high fructose syrup provides corn gluten feed and corn bran. Converting corn starch into ethanol provides distillers grains. Hominy, a byproduct of processing corn starch for human consumption, …

G90-998 How To Interpret And Use The ProstaphTm Test, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The ProStaph 1^TMMastitis costs U.S. dairy producers almost two billion dollars per year in lost milk production and treatment costs.

Mastitis is the major health problem of dairy cattle. The actual lost income for each mastitis infection is more than $400. Over 70 percent of the economic loss in mastitis is due to lost milk production from subclinically infected cows (those without apparent symptoms).

Subclinical forms of mastitis may not be observed by the milkers or other individuals in the dairy operation. Since there may be little or no visible change in the udder or milk, a laboratory …

G89-915 Testing Livestock Feeds For Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Sheep And Horses, Rick Grant, Bruce Anderson, Richard J. Rasby, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides tips on how to determine feeds you should analyze and nutrients to measure. It tells how to interpret the results of feed analysis.

Why Test Feeds?

Nutrient concentration can vary considerably in feeds, especially forages. Protein in alfalfa hay can range from 10 to 25 percent or more of the dry matter; grass hay will contain between four and 18 percent protein.

Use feed tests to target specific feeds to different livestock. Feed high quality forage to the most productive livestock or when nutrient needs are highest. Feed lower quality forage to animals with lower nutrient needs. …

Ec89-219 1989 Nebraska Swine Report, M.A. Giesemann, E.R. Peo, A. J. Lewis, Duane Reese, J.D. Hancock, Murray Danielson, Marvin Rhodes, Merwin L. Frey, Alan R. Doster, Homer E. Connell, Donald G. Levis, Cindy Marolf, Edgar T. Clemens, Michael C. Brumm, Donald L. Ferguson, William Ahlschwede, Dwane R. Zimmerman, J.D. Kopf, Rodger K. Johnson, Thomas Socha, John Keele, Larry Young, Chris R. Calkins

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1989 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G89-915 Testing Livestock Feeds For Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Sheep And Horses (Revised April 1997), Rick Grant, Bruce Anderson, Richard J. Rasby, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides tips on how to determine feeds you should analyze and nutrients to measure. It tells how to interpret the results of feed analysis.

Why Test Feeds?

Nutrient concentration can vary considerably in feeds, especially forages. Protein in alfalfa hay can range from 10 to 25 percent or more of the dry matter; grass hay will contain between four and 18 percent protein.

Use feed tests to target specific feeds to different livestock. Feed high quality forage to the most productive livestock or when nutrient needs are highest. Feed lower quality forage to animals with lower nutrient needs.

G88-892 Mixing Quality Pig Feed (Revised July 1992), Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Pig feed quality problems and mixing recommendations are covered here. Feed ingredients represent over 60 percent of the total cost of farrow-finish pork production and 65-70 percent of the variable expenses. Attention to quality preparation, in addition to purchasing decisions, is a component of feed ingredient cost management. Errors in formulation, misuse of feed mixing equipment, use of poor quality feed ingredients or lack of a quality assurance program can have costly consequences.

Ec89-263 Nebraska Breeding And Calving Record Book

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This Breeding-Calving Record Book will serve as a useful aid in keeping complete and accurate beef performance records. Performance records have long been recognized as a valuable tool in the selection of genetically superior cattle; in addition, performance records are now being used to eliminate much of the "guesswork" from herd management decisions.

Ec89-265 Ammonia Treatment Of Low Quality Forages, Richard J. Rasby, Ivan G. Rush, John Ward, Terry Klopfenstein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Increased costs of production have caused livestock producers to reduce feed costs whenever possible. Low quality crop residues, because of their availability, receive attention and offer considerable potential for reducing feed costs for cattle producers; however, because they are low in digestibility, intake by livestock is reduced. Treatment of low quality crop residues with anhydrous ammonia improves digestibility or total digestible nutrients (TDN) and increases consumption of these forages. The positive effects of ammonia treatment on digestibility and intake of low quality forages make them a viable possibility in feeding programs.

G89-915 Testing Livestock Feeds For Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Sheep And Horses, Rick Grant, Bruce Anderson, Richard J. Rasby, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides tips on how to determine feeds you should analyze and nutrients to measure. It tells how to interpret the results of feed analysis.

Why Test Feeds?

Nutrient concentration can vary considerably in feeds, especially forages. Protein in alfalfa hay can range from 10 to 25 percent or more of the dry matter; grass hay will contain between four and 18 percent protein.

Use feed tests to target specific feeds to different livestock. Feed high quality forage to the most productive livestock or when nutrient needs are highest. Feed lower quality forage to animals with lower nutrient needs. …

Ec88-219 1988 Nebraska Swine Report, Steven M. Neal, Rodger K. Johnson, Roger J. Kittok, Colleen Kelly, Greg Bussler, Franklin Eldridge, Julie Farver-Koenig, Dwane Zimmerman, Donald G. Levis, J.J. Ford, R. K. Christenson, Murray Danielson, J.B. Morgan, Chris R. Calkins, Roger W. Mandigo, M. .. Brumm, David P. Shelton, Larry Bitney, Duane E. Reese, E.R. Peo Jr., J.D. Hancock, A. J. Lewis, William Ahlschwede, Daniel A. Burosh

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1988 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G88-879 Peafowl, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the care and feeding of the colorful and ornamental peafowl.

The peafowl is an ornamental bird which is often grown to adorn farmsteads, private estates or public parks and zoological gardens. They enjoy living in the open and prefer to roost in trees. The roosting place should be arranged some distance from dwellings because peafowl are inclined to be noisy, especially at night.

G88-878 Management For Disease Prevention In Feedlots, Gene White, Duane Rice, Don Hudson, Dale Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

When cattle are put in feedlots, they change diets and environments. This NebGuide discusses ways to minimize possible losses caused by those changes. Cattle are a vital link in the human food chain in the United States. The utilized agricultural area in this country is about 1.06 million acres, of which 64 percent is range (government and private). Grazing is the only practical method of harvesting these valuable resources. Ruminants convert forage produced by the soil nutrients, water and solar energy to a high quality protein source for humans. The feedlot phase of cattle feeding follows the utilization of roughages …

Ec87-219 1987 Nebraska Swine Report, William Ahlschwede, Donald G. Levis, Gerald Bodman, Murray Danielson, Fernando A. Osorio, A. R. Doster, W. Leonard Staudinger, Gary Anderson, James W. Lamkey, Roger W. Mandigo, Chris Calkins, M. C. Brumm, B.D. Schultz, Edgar T. Clemens, Duane E. Reese, Lawrence N. Quint, H.A. Grabouski, E. R. Peo Jr., J.D. Hancock, Donald L. Ferguson, Alex Hogg, Rollin D. Schnieder

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1987 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G87-860 How To Interpret The Dhia-230 Somatic Cell Count Report, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide explains how to examine DHIA somatic cell count reports and use them as valuable aids in identifying the major causes of individual herds.

Losses to mastitis are estimated at more than $200 per cow annually. In Nebraska annual losses total more than $20 million dollars.

G86-783 Complete Rations -- Should You Feed Them?, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the advantages and disadvantages of feeding complete rations to dairy herds.

Using the complete ration system for feeding dairy cows has become increasingly popular. Nutritionists generally consider it the ideal method of feeding dairy cattle. Milk production per cow can be maximized, and feed and labor costs minimized, with this system. However, the necessary equipment is expensive and may be excessive for loose-housed herds of less than 100 cows.