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Sleep And Pain In Older Adults: The Role Of Negative And Positive Affect, Scott Ravyts
Sleep And Pain In Older Adults: The Role Of Negative And Positive Affect, Scott Ravyts
Theses and Dissertations
Poor sleep is known to contribute to increased levels of pain. Preliminary findings suggest that negative and positive affect may mediate this relationship. Given that older adults are prone to both sleep disturbance and pain, the main objectives of the present study were to: 1) examine the relationship between sleep and pain in a non-clinical pain sample of community-dwelling older adults and 2) to examine whether negative and positive affect mediate the relationship between sleep and pain. Baseline measures from 82 older adults participating in the Active Adult Mentoring Project (AAMP) were used for secondary data analysis. A daily sleep …
Emergence Of Stranger Fear In Preschoolers With Fragile X Syndrome And Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jessica Scherr
Emergence Of Stranger Fear In Preschoolers With Fragile X Syndrome And Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jessica Scherr
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated multiple behavioral indicators of social fear and their relationship to symptoms of autism in preschool boys with atypical and normative development using a stranger approach design. Participants consisted of 101 male preschoolers that were categorized into four groups: boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS; N= 29), FXS with elevated autism symptoms (fxASD; N = 25), idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (iASD; N = 11), and typically developing boys (TD; N = 36). Results indicated specific behavioral responses to a stranger differentiated preschoolers with more severe symptoms of autism (e.g. fxASD and iASD groups) from those with low autism …
Dimensionality And Instrument Validation In Factor Analysis: Effect Of The Number Of Response Alternatives, Alexander G. Hall
Dimensionality And Instrument Validation In Factor Analysis: Effect Of The Number Of Response Alternatives, Alexander G. Hall
Theses and Dissertations
Despite the great prevalence in both research and application of Factor Analysis (FA), widespread misinterpretation continues to pervade the psychological community in its application for the development and evaluation of psychometric tools. Fundamental measurement questions such as the number of response alternatives needed, and the power to detect poor model fit in non-normal or misspecified data, still remain in need of further investigation. For example, the power of the chi-square statistic used in structural equation modeling decreases as the absolute value of excess kurtosis of the observed data increases. This issue is further compounded with discrete variables, where increasing kurtosis …
Antecedents Of Adolescents’ Gratitude: Personality, Social Support, And Stressful Life Events, Hannah Reckart
Antecedents Of Adolescents’ Gratitude: Personality, Social Support, And Stressful Life Events, Hannah Reckart
Theses and Dissertations
An increase in the emphasis of positive aspects of functioning has led to expanded attention paid to the field of positive psychology. Within in this arena, the construct of gratitude has emerged as a factor of interest, specifically in adults; however, while a basis for research of gratitude in children exists, it is lacking in breadth. Support for gratitude’s significant relations with psychosocial, psychological, and academic factors has been shown in prior research, and presumed personal and environmental antecedents of gratitude have been indicated. The present study was exploratory in nature and included a sample of 1506 students from four …
Intention To Deceive Alters Access To Semantic Memory, James Nye
Intention To Deceive Alters Access To Semantic Memory, James Nye
Theses and Dissertations
I conceptualize a theory of deception within the perspective of discourse and pragmatics while choosing to examine the decision to engage in deception within the perspective of cognitive psychology. Currently, cognitive perspectives of deception have emphasized that inhibitory control of one’s motor processes are vital because in order to respond deceptively, one must prevent honest behavior from leaking into one’s actions. Although indirect evidence for inhibition is heavily linked with deception, current empirical data connecting motoric control with deceptive responses has been difficult to observe. I propose a theoretical perspective that shifts the role of inhibitory control in deception away …
Understanding The Relationship Of Contextual Support, Peer Risk Trajectories, And School Outcomes For At-Risk Youth, Emily B. Mancil
Understanding The Relationship Of Contextual Support, Peer Risk Trajectories, And School Outcomes For At-Risk Youth, Emily B. Mancil
Theses and Dissertations
High school dropout (HSDO) is associated with poor life outcomes across many domains. As such, it is crucial to understand and identify the factors that contribute to HSDO risk early to increase the chance of positive student outcomes. Because students at-risk are heterogeneous, researchers recommend using pattern-centered approaches to identify subpopulations with similar risk profiles to better understand various typologies of risk. This may be a more comprehensive and accurate way to understand students atrisk for HSDO and may facilitate the development of more effective interventions. To date, seven empirical studies have used a pattern-centered approach to examine HSDO. However, …
Qeeg Correlates Of Cognitive Processing Speed In Children With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Joseph Ferraracci
Qeeg Correlates Of Cognitive Processing Speed In Children With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Joseph Ferraracci
Theses and Dissertations
Electroencephalography (EEG) and neuropsychological test measures have been previously used to understand the underlying brain changes in individuals with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, literature discussing the relationship between EEG and neuropsychological test performance is scarce and, further, has not been investigated explicitly in children. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cognitive and academic deficits in children with traumatic brain injury and, additionally, this study aims to understand the underlying relationship between EEG and neuropsychological test performance among this sample. Analyses included twenty-one participants between the ages of 8 and 19 years of age (male, n=14; …
Development Of Brain Functional Connectivity And Its Relation To Infant Sustained Attention In The First Year Of Life, Wanze Xie
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation project studies the development of infant sustained attention and its relation to brain functional connectivity from 6 to 12 months of age. Chapter 1 is a general introduction of the dissertation project. Chapter 2 is a review of the existing literature on the development of infant sustained attention. This chapter includes theories on infant sustained attention and findings from studies using behavioral and psychophysiological measurements. Chapter 3 is a review of the recent advances made in the study of the development of functional connectivity in brain networks. This chapter covers some empirical evidence for the development of functional …
Personal Health Behaviors And Health Counseling Practices Of Professional Psychologists And Trainees Across Setting And Population Types, Alexa Barnett
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the health behaviors and health counseling practices among psychologists and psychology trainees, focusing on a variety of settings of practice. Both psychologists and trainees self-reported practicing a greater number of health enhancing behaviors compared to equivalent U.S. adults. Results indicated a higher rate of health counseling activity when psychologists and trainees endorsed counseling on health behaviors as more important, and additionally when having more training in health counseling. The results of this study expand upon the growing literature related to health professionals’ personal health behaviors and focuses on population health needs for improved health behaviors. Future research …
Health Behaviors Contributing To Overall Perceived Health, Mental And Physical Health Status, And Functional Impairment In Psychologists And Trainees, Natasha J. Brown
Health Behaviors Contributing To Overall Perceived Health, Mental And Physical Health Status, And Functional Impairment In Psychologists And Trainees, Natasha J. Brown
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the health behaviors and overall perceived health among psychologists and psychology trainees. Results revealed significant correlations between overall perceived health and physical activity, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake. Additionally, results revealed significant correlations between days of poor mental health and physical activity, fruit intake and vegetable intake. Lastly, results revealed correlations between days of functional impairment and physical activity. The results of this study expand upon the growing literature related to health professionals’ personal health behaviors and how they impact one’s perceived health. Further research is required to identify and expand investigation of factors impacting psychologists and …
Relationship Of Initial Symptoms And Differential Dementia Diagnosis In A Memory Disorder Clinic Sample, Eugenia Milroy Boozer
Relationship Of Initial Symptoms And Differential Dementia Diagnosis In A Memory Disorder Clinic Sample, Eugenia Milroy Boozer
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: The present study examines the consistency of differential dementia diagnoses based on neuropsychological testing. The accuracy rate of clinical diagnoses of various types of dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, mixed dementia, and others, were identified. In addition, other common diagnoses made through neuropsychological testing such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mood disorder were examined as part of the overall analysis. Additionally, initial reported symptoms of dementia were examined to analyze how these first complaints might ultimately relate to a clinical diagnosis. Method: The neuropsychological testing data were catalogued from participants who …
Relationships Among Health Counseling Training Experiences And Time Engaged In Counseling, Percentage Of Patients Counseled, Practitioner Confidence, And Perceived Importance, Stephen Edward Lupe
Relationships Among Health Counseling Training Experiences And Time Engaged In Counseling, Percentage Of Patients Counseled, Practitioner Confidence, And Perceived Importance, Stephen Edward Lupe
Theses and Dissertations
In the current healthcare system, the need for collaborative care is higher than ever. With current reforms in reimbursement and healthcare policies, it is becoming increasingly necessary for psychologists and other practitioners to break ranks with their traditional roles and to participate as a part of a multidisciplinary team that works in collaboration with other healthcare professionals. This study aims to look at the health counseling behaviors of psychologists and graduate psychology students from an APA accredited clinical psychology graduate program. It aims to examine the relationships among health counseling training variables and time spent engaging in health counseling, highest …
Biological, Cognitive And Psychosocial Variables Associated With Female Students’ Pursuit Of Stem Or Non-Stem Major In College, Anna Brenner Shuman
Biological, Cognitive And Psychosocial Variables Associated With Female Students’ Pursuit Of Stem Or Non-Stem Major In College, Anna Brenner Shuman
Theses and Dissertations
In the United States a disproportionately small number of women entering the field of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). This results in women missing out on job opportunities with better earning potential, and influence over the products they use. The current study examined variables involved in female college students’ choice of STEM or non-STEM majors in college. The predictive variables of interest included biological factors (i.e. the relative length of finger digits 2 and 4, and maturation rate as indicated by puberty onset, menarche), cognitive abilities (i.e. mental rotation and quantitative performance scores on college entrance exams), and psychosocial …