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Articles 31 - 60 of 79
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Tomorrow's Leading Ladies: How Core Self-Evaluations, Leadership Perceptions, And Social Support Influence Young Women's Leadership Aspirations, Lauren Ellis
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Given that women are an underrepresented population in organizational leadership, the purpose of this dissertation was to understand the forces driving college-aged women’s leadership aspirations. Using a two-study design, the current research sought to understand the influence that internal (psychological) and external (social) factors can have on a young woman’s desire to lead. In Study One, which included 228 college-aged female participants, results indicated there was a significant, positive between Core Self Evaluations (CSE) and leadership aspirations and provided partial support for the mediating effects of leadership fit on the CSE-aspiration relationship. Results from Study One failed to support the …
Understanding Group Cohesion Of Festival And Events Attendees Satifaction And Intention To Revisit, Younsuk Kong
Understanding Group Cohesion Of Festival And Events Attendees Satifaction And Intention To Revisit, Younsuk Kong
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Festivals and events provide a venue for individuals to relax, to spend time with their family, to escape from the daily demands of modern life, to enjoy themselves and to socialize as a way to enhance their quality of life. In addition, many leaders have used festival and events for the economic development of their communities (Getz & Frisby, 1988). However, according to Petrick and Li (2006), this research has been limited to topics associated with marketing, management and economic impact. For example, Finkel, McGillivaray, McPherson, & Robinson (2013) pointed out that scholars have investigated the relationships between festival and …
Disability Status, Disability Type, And Training As Predictors Of Job Placement, Jessica Stahl
Disability Status, Disability Type, And Training As Predictors Of Job Placement, Jessica Stahl
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Human Capital Theory was used as a means to formulate predictions regarding the placement rates for disabled and non-disabled individuals who participated in job training programs at a non-profit agency in the Southeast. Research suggesting that disabilities are viewed as an economic liability by employers was reviewed, along with empirically based rejoinders to this stereotype. The first goal of this study was to address flaws in the existing categorization systems of disabilities, and to justify a categorization system that was more detailed than the typical psychological/physical disability distinction in the I/O and vocational rehabilitation literature (e.g., Ren, Paetzold, and Colella, …
Trust In Self, Trust In Others: The Impact Of Emotions On Advice Behavior, Benjamin Slade
Trust In Self, Trust In Others: The Impact Of Emotions On Advice Behavior, Benjamin Slade
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This dissertation proposes that task-specific self-confidence, trust in motives, and trust in competency are the three main drivers for advice use and willingness to pay for advice. After developing this general argument, the paper then focuses on how emotions influence advice use and willingness to pay for advice. Furthermore, this paper argues that the influence of emotions on advice is partially mediated by task specific self-confidence, trust in motives, and trust in competency. This model elaborates on the underlying emotional mechanisms which may guide the mediation paths, and then tests this expected pattern with four different incidental emotions; regret, pride, …
Integrating Visual Mnemonics And Input Feedback With Passphrases To Improve The Usability And Security Of Digital Authentication, Kevin Juang
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The need for both usable and secure authentication is more pronounced than ever before. Security researchers and professionals will need to have a deep understanding of human factors to address these issues. Due to their ubiquity, recoverability, and low barrier of entry, passwords remain the most common means of digital authentication. However, fundamental human nature dictates that it is exceedingly difficult for people to generate secure passwords on their own. System-generated random passwords can be secure but are often unusable, which is why most passwords are still created by humans. We developed a simple system for automatically generating mnemonic phrases …
Encouraging The Appropriate Use Of High Beam Headlamps: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Stephanie Whetsel Borzendowski
Encouraging The Appropriate Use Of High Beam Headlamps: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Stephanie Whetsel Borzendowski
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Drivers typically underuse their high beam headlamps at night even under ideal conditions (i.e., no leading, following, or oncoming vehicles). One explanation for this is a lack of knowledge regarding both the magnitude of visibility problems at night and the benefits that high beams provide. The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) that targeted a more appropriate reliance on high beams. The results of Study 1 indicated that attitudes toward high beams best predicted intentions to use high beams. This information informed the design of …
Better Safe Than Sorry: Personality-Based And Overt Predictors Of Workplace Safety, Christine Pusilo
Better Safe Than Sorry: Personality-Based And Overt Predictors Of Workplace Safety, Christine Pusilo
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The current study explores the role of selection in predicting workplace safety using an applied sample of applicants and incumbents in a grocery store chain located in the Southeastern United States. Namely, both personality-based and overt selection assessments, a distinction drawn from the integrity testing literature, were used to predict on-the-job safety performance and safety outcomes. Both types of assessments were hypothesized to predict two forms of safety performance (compliance and participation), which, in turn, were expected to predict both objective (i.e., work days missed, restricted work days, and micro-accidents) and subjective (i.e., near-miss, minor injuries, and musculoskeletal pain) safety …
Influencing Factors On Creative Tourists' Revisiting Intentions: The Roles Of Motivation, Experience And Perceived Value, Lan-Lan Chang
Influencing Factors On Creative Tourists' Revisiting Intentions: The Roles Of Motivation, Experience And Perceived Value, Lan-Lan Chang
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As Richards (2008) asserted, creative tourism is a new form of tourism that has the potential to change tourism development and make a significant contribution in differentiating and changing the tourism experience. Reviewing current literature, despite increased attention being given to the conception of creative tourism, there has been little empirical work focused on the tourists' consumption psychology of creative tourism. Thus, this study attempts to reveal tourists' intention to revisit creative tourism attractions by applying the theory of planned behavior, to explore the role of tourists' motivation, experience and perceived value on the influence of their intention to revisit …
Picture Superiority Effect In Prospective Memory: Examining The Influence Of Age And Attention Load, Nicole Fink
Picture Superiority Effect In Prospective Memory: Examining The Influence Of Age And Attention Load, Nicole Fink
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The picture superiority effect (i.e. better memory for pictures than words) is well established in retrospective memory, but the examination of the picture superiority effect in prospective memory has been underrepresented in the literature. Understanding if pictures lead to better prospective memory than words has the theoretical benefit of increasing our understanding of what particular factors lead to spontaneous retrieval and the practical benefit of informing the design of memory aids. Additionally, I examine if there are differences in ongoing task and prospective memory task performance between age groups (old and young) and under different loads of attention (non-divided and …
The Mentoring-Burnout Relationship And Predictors Of Nurse Mentoring Behavior, Meline Schaffer
The Mentoring-Burnout Relationship And Predictors Of Nurse Mentoring Behavior, Meline Schaffer
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Employee burnout can be costly for organizations as well as employees as it contributes to turnover intentions, lost productivity and negative health outcomes (Aiken & Paice, 2003; Maslach & Leiter, 2008; Shaufeli & Bakker, 2004). The nursing profession appears to be particularly influenced by this stress-related phenomenon and is the targeted population in the current study (Shaufeli & Enzman, 1998). Using the Job Demands-Resources model, mentoring was examined as a factor that may impact burnout among experienced nurses. While positive mentoring experiences could serve as a resource that buffers against burnout, negative mentoring experiences may be a job demand that …
Understanding The Relative Attentional Demands Of The Dimensions Of Interface Consistency, Jeremy Mendel
Understanding The Relative Attentional Demands Of The Dimensions Of Interface Consistency, Jeremy Mendel
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A consistent interface is thought to be beneficial because it allows users to draw on previous training and experience when operating a new interface. Design guidelines like the eight golden rules of interface design argue that a highly consistent interface improves system usability (Shneiderman, 1987). However, interface consistency is not monolithic; instead it is a complex, multidimensional construct. I refer to the two dimensions of interface consistency as perceptual consistency (the appearance) and conceptual consistency (the functionality) of an interface. Perceptual consistency considers aspects like interface layout and orientation; conceptual consistency considers how the system operates or responds. I sought …
The Effects Of 0.2 Hz Varying Latency With 20-100 Ms Varying Amplitude On Simulator Sickness In A Helmet Mounted Display, Matthew St. Pierre
The Effects Of 0.2 Hz Varying Latency With 20-100 Ms Varying Amplitude On Simulator Sickness In A Helmet Mounted Display, Matthew St. Pierre
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The relationship between the occurrence of simulator sickness (SS) and the several characteristics of latency (i.e., added latency, amplitude of latency, and frequency of latency) in a helmet-mounted display (HMD) were explored in this study. The experience of SS while using an HMD has often been attributed to system latency. These findings are typical in research where HMDs with head trackers are used. The current study explored the effects of 200 ms added constant latency, latency varying at 0.2 Hz with a constant 100 ms amplitude, and latency varying at 0.2 Hz with a 20-100 ms varying amplitude on the …
Preventing Misuse And Disuse Of Automated Systems: Effects Of System Confidence Display On Trust And Decision Performance, Margaux Price
Preventing Misuse And Disuse Of Automated Systems: Effects Of System Confidence Display On Trust And Decision Performance, Margaux Price
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Complex decision-making may be aided by forms of automation known as decision-support systems (DSS). However, no DSS is completely reliable and so it is imperative that users know when they should and should not trust it (calibration of trust). Previous research has shown that providing users with information about the DSS's confidence in its own advice ('system confidence') can help improve the calibration of user's trust of automation and actual system reliability on a trial by trial basis. The current study examined how the nature of the presentation of system confidence information affected user's trust calibration. The first study examined …
Effectiveness Of Ceo Blogs As A Recruiting Tool: Impact Of Message Congruence With Applicant Personality And Implicit Leadership Theories, Rebekkah Beeco
Effectiveness Of Ceo Blogs As A Recruiting Tool: Impact Of Message Congruence With Applicant Personality And Implicit Leadership Theories, Rebekkah Beeco
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Organizational recruitment websites have become an important tool for both recruiters and job seekers. The structural characteristics of such websites (e.g., aesthetics, usability) have received some attention but less research has examined the content of these websites. A weblog (or blog), specifically a leader or CEO blog, is one novel way that organizations can impact recruitment through their website. Although research is limited, anecdotal evidence suggests that blogs may be a powerful recruiting tool.
In line with research that suggests followers prefer leaders who are similar to themselves (e.g., Keller, 1999), the effectiveness of leader blog messages for recruitment purposes …
Does Practice Make Perfect? Effects Of Practice And Coaching On Interview Performance, Katherine Williams
Does Practice Make Perfect? Effects Of Practice And Coaching On Interview Performance, Katherine Williams
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This study examined the incremental effectiveness of interview practice and feedback on candidates' interview performance. In addition, interviewee anxiety, impression management behaviors, and core self-evaluation were considered as intervening variables between the training manipulations and interview performance. In this experimental design, participants were assigned to one of three groups: the control group, the interview practice group, and the coaching group that received practice plus feedback from a counselor. Employer representatives evaluated subsequent interview performance within a final mock interview.
Hypotheses predicting differential effects of interview training on interview performance ratings were partially supported and relationships were discovered among additional variables. …
The Effects Of Accountability On Leniency Reduction In Self- And Peer Ratings On Team-Based Performance Appraisals, Brettney Smith
The Effects Of Accountability On Leniency Reduction In Self- And Peer Ratings On Team-Based Performance Appraisals, Brettney Smith
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of accountability on leniency reduction on self- and peer ratings on team-based performance appraisals when they were used for different purposes (developmental versus evaluative purposes). Accountability was operationalized as participants being told they would have to justify their self- and peer ratings of team behaviors to a local nuclear process control plant supervisor (lab study) or to their professors (field study). In the lab study, purpose was operationalized as participants being told that they would have to complete the Team Behaviors Form (TBF) to receive course credit. In the …
Hedonic Prediction And Likeability Effects In Evaluating Biodata For Selection, Peggy Tyler
Hedonic Prediction And Likeability Effects In Evaluating Biodata For Selection, Peggy Tyler
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Employees involved in the selection process for new co-workers are conventionally thought to be acting as agents for the interests of the hiring organization. But do individuals act as effective surrogates or are they making emotional predictions about their own personal compatibility with a potential colleague that influence their subsequent judgments? Three interlinking studies examined this question. First, a meta-analysis of the relationship between likeability and hireability was conducted in order to determine the effect size for the relationship between likeability and hiring. A corrected effect size of .60 indicated that likeability was a substantial factor in hiring, but there …
Working 5 To 9, What A Way To Make A Livin'! An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Shift And Turnover, Christie Kelley
Working 5 To 9, What A Way To Make A Livin'! An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Shift And Turnover, Christie Kelley
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The current study investigated burnout and engagement as mediators of the relationship between shift work and both turnover and turnover intentions. Further, perceived organizational support (POS) and work schedule justice (WSJ) were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between shift and two outcomes: engagement and burnout. The Job Demands-Resource model was used as a theoretical framework for the current study (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). The current study utilized a longitudinal sample of nurses to test the hypotheses with structural equation modeling. Further, differences were assessed between all employees and only full-time employees. Contrary to hypotheses, shift was not related to burnout …
Dispositional Resilience And Person-Environment Fit As Predictors Of College Student Retention, Melissa Waitsman
Dispositional Resilience And Person-Environment Fit As Predictors Of College Student Retention, Melissa Waitsman
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As more students drop out of college and the cost of leaving school without a degree rises, it becomes increasingly critical to help match students to a school that will educate them and facilitate graduation. While the college student retention literature has formulated a number of ideas and theories about how this may be accomplished, the current study uses an idea from the psychological literature, person-environment fit, in order to understand the role of an individual's fit with their college environment on student success. The current study examines individual differences in resilience as well as those in preferences for the …
The Strength Of Hispanic Adolescents' Level Of Ethnic Identification And Their Parents' Level Of Self-Differentiation And Ethnic Identification To Predict Second Generation Hispanic Adolescents' Level Of Self-Differentiation, Nizel Fernandez
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During adolescents individuals develop many lasting features of their identity (Erikson, 1950, Bowen, 1978, Phinney, 1992, 1996, 2005) including the development of self-differentiation and multi-group ethnic identification. Bowen's (1978) theory of differentiation of self and Phinney's (Phinney, 1992) theory of multi-group ethnic identification provided the theoretical and measurement bases for the study. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of Hispanic adolescents' level of multi-group ethnic identification and their parents' level of self-differentiation and multi-group ethnic identification in predicting second generation Hispanic adolescents' level of self-differentiation. One hundred two (102) Hispanic adolescents, ages 13 to 18, and …
Applying Visual Attention Theory To Transportation Safety Research And Design: Evaluation Of Alternative Automobile Rear Lighting Systems, Scott Mcintyre
Applying Visual Attention Theory To Transportation Safety Research And Design: Evaluation Of Alternative Automobile Rear Lighting Systems, Scott Mcintyre
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This experiment applies methodologies and theories of visual search and attention to the subject of conspicuity in automobile rear lighting. Based on these theories, this experiment has four goals. First, it is proposed that current research methods used to investigate rear lighting are inadequate and a proposed methodology based on the visual search paradigm is introduced. Second, demonstrate that current rear lighting on automobiles does not effectively meet the stated purpose of regulators. Third, propose a more effective system for increasing the conspicuity of brake lamps. A fourth goal is to validate and extend previous simulator research on this same …
They Were Framed! The Development And Validation Of Context-Specific Measures Of Individual Culture, Amber Schroeder
They Were Framed! The Development And Validation Of Context-Specific Measures Of Individual Culture, Amber Schroeder
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Early personality research often described behavior in terms of individual dispositions or stable behavioral tendencies (Allport, 1937; Cattell, 1957; Guilford, 1959), thus taking a context-independent view of personality. However, a recent review of thousands of empirical studies illustrated that even seemingly superficial changes to contextual variables can have a large impact on study results (Richard, Bond, & Stokes-Zoota, 2003). Yet, the use of non-contextualized measures of individual culture still remains the norm in cross-cultural research. Thus, utilizing a sample of more than 1,000 participants across two studies, work and nonwork measures of two cultural variables (i.e., individualism and collectivism) were …
An Examination Of The Relationships Between Autonomous Motivation And Situational Constraints With Job Attitudes, Intention To Leave, And General Stress: A Job Demands-Resources Approach, Kalifa Oliver
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The Job Demands- Resources (JD-R) model suggests that working conditions can be distinguished using two broad categories: job demands and job resources. This study examined the concurrent and longitudinal effects of perceived situational constraints (seen as a demand) and autonomous motivation (seen as a resource) on job attitudes, intention to leave, and general stress using an applied work setting. Data were collected by administrators at a midsized university campus over two time periods, separated by one year. Staff members were asked to complete an online survey that included a modified version of Ryan and Connell's (1989) Self-Regulation Scale for employees …
Sources Of Variance In Bite Count, Jenna Scisco
Sources Of Variance In Bite Count, Jenna Scisco
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The obesity epidemic affects millions of individuals worldwide. New tools that simplify efforts to self-monitor energy intake may enable successful weight loss and weight maintenance. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of the number of bites recorded by the bite counter device during daily meals in natural, real world settings. Participants (N = 83) used bite counters to record daily meals for two weeks. Participants also recorded their daily dietary intake using automated, computer-based 24-hour recalls. Predictors of bite count were explored at the meal-level and individual-level using multilevel linear modeling. A positive relationship between kilocalories and …
Individual And Situational Moderators Of The Willingness To Engage In A Workplace Romance, Jessica Doll
Individual And Situational Moderators Of The Willingness To Engage In A Workplace Romance, Jessica Doll
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of the current study was to propose amendments to Pierce, Byrne, and Aguinis' (1996) model of workplace romance. Specifically, based on prior research and theory, moderators of the relation between the desire to engage in a workplace romance and the willingness to engage in a workplace romance were examined. Additional consequences of engaging in workplace romances were also proposed. Data were collected from both student (N = 347) and employee (N =172) samples at a mid-sized southern university. Additional employee data were collected from a small technical college and an on-line professional networking site. Using a 2 …
Applicant Self-Selection During The Hiring Process: Developing And Testing A Model Of Applicant Withdrawal, Gary Giumetti
Applicant Self-Selection During The Hiring Process: Developing And Testing A Model Of Applicant Withdrawal, Gary Giumetti
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Applicant withdrawal behavior is of considerable interest to organizations and selection system designers. Some of the primary reasons for this interest are that applicant decisions to withdraw from a selection procedure can impact the size and quality of the applicant pool (Barber & Roehling, 1993), which can decrease the utility of the selection procedure (Murphy, 1986) and increase the potential for adverse impact (Ryan, Sacco, McFarland, & Kriska, 2000; Tam, Murphy, & Lyall, 2004). The current study builds a model of applicant withdrawal based on prior theoretical and empirical work and subsequently tests components of this model. The proposed predictors …
Teams And Stress: A Meta-Analysis And Process Analysis, Brandy Brown
Teams And Stress: A Meta-Analysis And Process Analysis, Brandy Brown
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Past teamwork stress literature has experienced contradictory findings. As more reliable models of teamwork emerge, there is still a noticeable lack of information regarding how stress affects teamwork processes. This paper first reviews the current state of the team stress literature, where two types of stress for teams are explored: qualitative and quantitative stress. A meta-analysis examined the current literature on quantitative stress and the impact on team performance and effectiveness. Results from nine independent samples (N = 1,794) indicated that quantitative stress has a negative effect on team outcomes, ῤ = -.41. Second, a lab study sought to discover …
Need-Based Moderators Of Relational And Resource Concerns And Their Relationship To Procedural Justice, Jonas Johnson
Need-Based Moderators Of Relational And Resource Concerns And Their Relationship To Procedural Justice, Jonas Johnson
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The current study assesses how needs influence the relationship between resource and relational concerns and procedural justice. Previous research has examined antecedents of procedural justice but often omits a consideration of individual needs in this analysis. Tyler (1994) found that the variables trust, neutrality, and status recognition were related to procedural justice because they contained variance related to relational concerns. Further research by Heuer, Penrod, Lafer, & Cohn (2002) also found that trust, neutrality, and status recognition were related to procedural justice based on resource concerns as well as relational concerns. However, no studies have examined the extent to which …
Multilevel Antecedents Of Economic Stress, Mark Zajack
Multilevel Antecedents Of Economic Stress, Mark Zajack
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Much of the literature on economic stress focuses on outcomes. This study assessed the antecedents that precede employee perceptions of economic strain. A multilevel framework of economic antecedents was proposed. The framework included objective indicators of the macroeconomic context as well as individual-level objective and subjective economic antecedents. It was hypothesized that antecedents within each of these categories of economic stress can fall into one of two dimensions: employment- or finance-related. Indicators of the macroeconomic context were gathered from the American Community Survey (ACS). Over 2,000 union employees of a large U.S. Midwestern retail chain provided individual employee-level economic information …
Predictors And Outcomes Of Occupational Commitment Profiles Among Nurses, Lindsay Sears
Predictors And Outcomes Of Occupational Commitment Profiles Among Nurses, Lindsay Sears
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Occupational turnover is a costly problem afflicting much of the nursing industry, and occupational commitment is a strong predictor of withdrawal from one's profession. Traditional organizational research examines most commitment-behavior relationships from a variable-centered perspective, focusing on the relationships between constructs. The present study adopts a configural, or person-centered approach aimed at identifying and describing clusters of individuals who share a similar set of occupational commitment mindsets. The present study extends current literature by a) investigating the existence of several occupational commitment profiles and describing their characteristics; b) examining situational and demographic predictors of profile membership; and c) testing differences …