Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Using Augmented Reality And Computer-Generated Three-Dimensional Models To Improve Training And Technical Tasks In Aviation, Amadou Anne, Yu Wang, Timothy D. Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Augmented Reality (AR) technology has considerably improved since its inception, and especially over the last few years, to the point of becoming a relatively reliable and potentially cost-effective tool in many fields. Significant advances have been made by software developers to improve the quality of AR tools and the hardware necessary to access these tools has become common. However, AR is mostly unknown or underused in the aviation industry, either in education and training or in professional environments. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of AR for training and professional technical applications in aviation, especially when combined with 3D …

A Multi-Year Study Of The Safety And Training Impacts Of Introducing The Live, Virtual, Constructive Training Strategy Into Navy Air Combat, Sarah Sherwood, Kelly Neville, Angus L.M. Thom Mclean Iii, Jessica Cruit, Katherine Kaste

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

In the Navy’s proposed Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) training system, virtual entities that represent pilots in flight simulators and computer-generated constructive entities will be injected into the cockpits of F/A-18 aircraft during live-flight training. The Navy expects LVC to ameliorate many of the economic and environmental impacts of live-flight training and to support future training requirements. However, the potential impact of LVC on training effectiveness and safety is not completely understood. While the naval air combat training system is notably robust, its inherent complexity precludes a straightforward analysis of potential hazards and mitigations. Two years ago, researchers began to identify …

Experimental Investigation Of Flight Crew Strategies In Handling Unexpected Events, Joris Field, Rogier Woltjer, Amy Rankin, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

This paper reports a flight simulation study where airline flight crews were to handle unexpected situations, as part of the “Manual Operations for 4th Generation Airliners” (Man4Gen) EU research project. The analysis of their behaviour combined a cognitive systems engineering perspective with behavioural analysis methods used in aviation industry. Hollnagel’s Contextual Control (COCOM) and Extended Control (ECOM) Models are applied to examine the strategies with which the flight crew responded to the simulated events. The outcome of this analysis is combined with the results of industry expert analysis of the actions that flight crew were expected to perform. ECOM illustrates …

Nigeria’S Aviation At A Glance: The Assessment Of Nigerians’ Perceived Trust Level In Nigeria’S Aviation Industry, Ibrahim G. Miya, Stephen C. Rice

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The recent occurrences of fatal aviation crashes in Nigeria have significantly affected Nigerians’ trust in the overall performance efficiency of Nigeria’s aviation. In the context of Africa’s aviation, Nigeria in particular, it appeared that very little is being done on trust. This study assessed Nigerians trust level in Nigeria’s aviation industry with respect to “Familiarity-Based Trust Model,” (Zhang, Ghorbani & Cohen, 2007). The study used a 7-point Likert-type survey questionnaires as the primary data collection tools. Ten predictor variables (income, age, gender, political view, aircraft ownership, purpose of flying, class ticket, relationship status, distance flown, and flight frequency) were regressed …

"Proof Of The Loop": Patterns Of Habitual Denial In Tim O'Brien's In The Lake Of The Woods And Don Delillo's Libra, Tim Engles

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

The Need For Theory To Guide Concussion Research, Dennis Molfese

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

While the focus on concussion research has expanded greatly over the past decade, progress in identifying the mechanisms and consequences of head injury, the recovery path and the development of potential interventions to facilitate recovery have been largely absent. Instead, the field has largely progressed through an accumulation of data without the guidance of any systematic theory to guide the formulation of research questions or generate testable hypotheses. As part of this special issue on sports concussion, we advance a theory to describe the evolution of a neural network during the development of a cognitive process as well as the …

Resting-State Brain Connectivity After Surgical And Behavioral Weight Loss, Rebecca J. Lepping, Amanda S. Bruce, Alex Francisco, Hung-Wen Yeh, Laura E. Martin, Joshua N. Powell, Laura Hancock, Trisha M. Patrician, Florence J. Breslin, Niazy Selim, Joseph E. Donnelly, William M. Brooks, Cary R. Savage, W. Kyle Simmons, Jared M. Bruce

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Objective: Changes in food-cue neural reactivity associated with behavioral and surgical weight loss interventions have been reported. Resting functional connectivity represents tonic neural activity that may contribute to weight loss success. This study explores whether intervention type is associated with differences in functional connectivity after weight loss. Methods: Fifteen participants with obesity were recruited prior to adjustable gastric banding surgery. Thirteen demographically matched participants with obesity were selected from a separate behavioral diet intervention. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected 3 months after surgery/ behavioral intervention. ANOVA was used to examine post-weight loss differences between the two groups in …

Differences In Prefrontal Cortex Activation And Deactivation During Strategic Episodic Verbal Memory Encoding In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Joana B. Balardin, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Maria Da Graca Moraes Martin, Joao R. Sato, Jerusa Smid, Claudia Porto, Cary R. Savage, Ricardo Nitrini, Edson Amaro Jr., Eliane C. Miotto

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

In this study we examined differences in fMRI activation and deactivation patterns during episodic verbal memory encoding between individuals with MCI (n = 18) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 17). Participants were scanned in two different sessions during the application of self-initiated or directed instructions to apply semantic strategies at encoding of word lists. MCI participants showed reduced free recall scores when using self-initiated encoding strategies that were increased to baseline controls' level after directed instructions were provided. During directed strategic encoding, greater recruitment of frontoparietal regions was observed in both MCI and control groups; group differences …

High Fidelity Simulation And Aviation Training To Improve Problem Solving Skills And Coordination, Evan M. Lester, Paul A. Craig

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The Flight Operations Center – Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab was created in 2010 to break down the “barrier” between aerospace concentrations at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) and address several aspects of teamwork in aviation. While participating in the FOCUS lab’s high-fidelity simulations, teams of senior undergraduate aerospace students work together to solve complex and real-world scenarios, which helps improve each student’s coordination, teamwork, problem-solving, and communication skills. Each team’s performance in the FOCUS lab’s simulations is evaluated by the FOCUS lab research team and discussed at the team’s After Action Review (AAR) to determine how the team can improve …

Procedure Used For Establishing Screening Test Cut-Points Based On Aviation Occupational Task Performance, Nelda Milburn, Thomas Chidester, Kevin Gildea, Linda Peterson, Carrie Roberts, Deborah Perry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Previous research has shown that some individuals with color vision deficiencies (CVD) are capable of performing some aviation occupational tasks as well as those with normal color vision (NCV); implying that passing a screening test with a diagnosis of NCV may not be necessary for all aviation occupations. Our goal was to find outcome consistency between performance on occupational tasks and several screening tests; further, to compare those pass/fail outcomes to the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test for aviation certification. The strategy involved establishing a pass/fail cut-point separately for four occupational tasks at the 5th percentile of the NCV …

A Coalition Study Of Warfighter Acceptance Of Wearable Physiological Sensors, Lauren E. Menke, Christopher Best, Gregory J. Funke, Adam J. Strang

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Combat operations are often high tempo, resulting in undesirable levels of operator workload and stress. Adaptive automation has been suggested as a solution to these issues. However, this augmentation approach is predicated on operator consent to monitoring. Acceptance of such systems may be influenced by concerns regarding the use of monitor data and mistrust of automation technology. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine operator acceptance of physiological monitoring and future augmentation strategies after limited exposure to one device. During a simulated exercise, eleven command and control operators were equipped with a physiological monitor prior to each mission. …

Toward An Integrated Ecological Plan View Display For Air Traffic Controllers, Brem Beernink, Clark Borst, Joost Ellerbroek, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

To cope with increasing demand on the air traffic management system, this paper proposes a novel user interface which supports air traffic controllers in conflict detection and resolution. The concept is based on previous work on 3D solution space displays for air traffic control, but then aimed at improving the interaction by better integrating speed, heading, and altitude constraints on the Plan View Display. A preliminary, subjective human-in-the-loop evaluation study was performed using five participants with various experience levels in real-life air traffic control. Results from the evaluation indicate that both successful use of the interface as well as the …

The Effects Of Workload And Stress On Teamwork In A High Fidelity Simulation, Andrea M. Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

With a unique high fidelity simulation lab, participants completed 3 hour work shifts to a run a simulated regional airline. The experimental design consisted of three teams randomly assigned to either a minimal, moderate, or maximum level of difficulty. Increases in workload and stress were implemented with various triggers and the participants had to quickly develop solutions to mitigate the problems. After the simulation, the participants completed the CATME (Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness) online survey for evaluations of their performance for five variables. (Ohland et al., 2012). Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results suggest only …

Mending Broken Fences, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tears streamed freely down my face as I watched waves crash on the beach.

My husband put his arms around me. "For what it's worth," he said, "I'm sorry this is happening to us."

So was I. We'd been through so much in our twenty-one years together: the loss of both of our fathers and two dogs, six surgeries for my endometriosis, four failed rounds of fertility treatments, the loss of his job thirteen years prior that had placed all our financial burdens squarely on my shoulders. Despite—or maybe because of—all of these things, I knew my marriage was over.

Beyond The Colonial Divide: African Diasporic And Indigenous Youth Alliance Building For Hiv Prevention, Ciann L. Wilson

Psychology Faculty Publications

African diasporic and North American Indigenous communities have both been greatly impacted by the colonization of the Americas. Historic and contemporary relations between these communities have been fraught with complex commonalities, contradictions and conflicts. These communities have remained connected across time and space through their shared and distinct histories of resistance and oppression. Both communities have suffered the embodiment of systemic violence in the form of elevated rates of communicable and chronic diseases such as HIV. This paper examines the decolonizing potential of collaboration between these two communities in their response to HIV. It begins by unpacking the history of …

Tweeting About Sexism: The Well-Being Benefits Of A Social Media Collective Action., Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

Although collective action has psychological benefits in non-gendered contexts (e.g., Drury et al., 2005), the benefits for women taking action against gender discrimination are unclear. This study examined how a popular, yet unexplored potential form of collective action, namely tweeting about sexism, affects women’s well-being. Women read about sexism and were randomly assigned to tweet, or to one of three control groups. Content analyses showed tweets exhibited collective intent and action. Analyses of linguistic markers suggested public tweeters used more cognitive complexity in their language than private tweeters. Profile analyses showed that compared to controls, only public tweeters showed decreasing …

The Nichd Protocol: A Review Of An Internationally-Used Evidence-Based Tool For Training Child Forensic Interviewers, David La Rooy, Sonja P. Brubacher, Anu Aromäki-Stratos, Mireille Cyr, Irit Hershkowitz, Julia Korkman, Trond Myklebust, Makiko Naka, Carlos E. Peixoto, Kim Roberts, Heather Stewart, Michael E. Lamb

Psychology Faculty Publications

This article reviews an evidence-based tool for training child forensic interviewers called the NICHD Protocol, and the relevant research on: children’s memory development; communication; suggestibility; the importance of open-prompts, and challenges associated with interview training. We include international contributions from experienced trainers, practitioners, and scientists, who are already using the Protocol or whose national or regional procedures have been directly influenced by the NICHD Protocol research (Canada, Finland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Norway, Portugal, Scotland, and United States). Throughout the review, these experts comment on: how and when the Protocol was adopted in their country; who uses it; challenges to implementation …

Developmental Differences In The Ability To Provide Temporal Information About Repeated Events, Kim P. Roberts, Sonja P. Brubacher, Donna M. Drohan-Jennings, Una Glisic, Martine B. Powell, William J. Friedman

Psychology Faculty Publications

Children (n = 372) aged 4 - 8 years participated in 1 or 4 occurrences of a similar event and were interviewed 1 week later. Compared to 85% of children who participated once, less than 25% with repeated experience gave the exact number of times they participated, although all knew they participated more than once. Children with repeated experience were asked additional temporal questions and there were clear developmental differences. Older children were more able than younger children to judge relative order and temporal position of the four occurrences. They also demonstrated improved temporal memory for the first and …

Observations From Canadian Practitioners About The Investigation And Prosecution Of Crimes Involving Child And Adult Witnesses, Sean Curtis Cameron, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Hundreds of scientific studies on the competencies and limitations of eyewitnesses have been published, but few have sought input from front-line forensic interviewers. In the current study, a research agenda was established with in-depth input from 13 forensic interviewers. Interviewers indicated which techniques they use most often, rated the usefulness of various interview techniques, and disclosed common challenges when interviewing. Although many recommended techniques were used (e.g., the Cognitive Interview and Rapport Building), some techniques shown to be effective in eliciting quality testimony in scientific studies were not always used or considered useful by front-line interviewers (e.g., permission to correct …

Is It Time To Consider The "Burnout Syndrome" A Distinct Illness?, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

The "burnout syndrome" has been defined as a combination of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment caused by chronic occupational stress. Although there has been increasing medical interest in burnout over the last decades, it is argued in this paper that the syndrome cannot be elevated to the status of diagnostic category, based on (1) an analysis of the genesis of the burnout construct, (2) a review of the latest literature on burnout-depression overlap, (3) a questioning of the three-dimensional structure of the burnout syndrome, and (4) a critical examination of the notion that burnout is singularized by its …