Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Differential Modulation Of Oxycodone Reward And Analgesia By A Cannabinoid Derivative, Hannah Marie Harris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Attitudes About Future Genetic Testing For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Addiction Among Community-Based Veterans., Michelle R. Lent, Stuart N Hoffman, H Lester Kirchner, Thomas G Urosevich, Joseph J Boscarino, Joseph A Boscarino

PCOM Scholarly Works

This study explored attitudes toward hypothetical genetic testing for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addiction among veterans. We surveyed a random sample of community-based veterans (n = 700) by telephone. One year later, we asked the veterans to provide a DNA sample for analysis and 41.9% of them returned the DNA samples. Overall, most veterans were not interested in genetic testing neither for PTSD (61.7%) nor for addiction (68.7%). However, bivariate analyses suggested there was an association between having the condition of interest and the likelihood of genetic testing on a 5-point scale (p < 0.001 for PTSD; p = 0.001 for …

Developmental Toxicity Of Nicotine: A Transdisciplinary Synthesis And Implications For Emerging Tobacco Products, Lucinda J. Enland, Kjersti Aagaard, Michele Bloch, Kevin Conway, Kelly Cosgrove, Rachel Grana, Thomas J. Gould, Dorothy Hatsukami, Frances Jensen, Denise Kandel, Bruce Lanphear, Frances Leslie, James R. Pauly, Jenae Neiderhiser, Mark Rubinstein, Theodore A. Slotkin, Eliot Spindel, Laura Stroud, Lauren Wakschlag

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

While the health risks associated with adult cigarette smoking have been well described, effects of nicotine exposure during periods of developmental vulnerability are often overlooked. Using MEDLINE and PubMed literature searches, books, reports and expert opinion, a transdisciplinary group of scientists reviewed human and animal research on the health effects of exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and adolescence. A synthesis of this research supports that nicotine contributes critically to adverse effects of gestational tobacco exposure, including reduced pulmonary function, auditory processing defects, impaired infant cardiorespiratory function, and may contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits in later life. Nicotine exposure during …

Mental Health Courts And Sentencing Disparities, E. Lea Johnston, Conor P. Flynn

UF Law Faculty Publications

Despite the proliferation of mental health courts across the United States, virtually no attention has been paid to the criminal justice effects these courts carry for participants. This article provides the first empirical analysis of differential sentencing practices in mental health and traditional criminal courts. Using a case study approach, the article compares how Pennsylvania’s Erie County Mental Health Court and county criminal courts sentenced individuals who committed the same offenses and held the same average criminal history score. Information on the mental health court—including eligibility criteria, plea bargaining and sentencing procedure, sentencing policies, program length, graduation rates, likelihood of …

Measuring The Effectiveness Of Benefit-Provisioning And Cost-Inflicting Mate Retention Tactics Through Relationship Outcomes, Tara Delecce

Wayne State University Dissertations

Mate retention has received much less research attention compared to mate choice and attraction. Even the research that has been done on mate retention often only aims to identify what constitutes as mate retention tactics. In the current studies, the effectiveness of mate retention strategies is explored by measuring relationship outcomes of tactics unlike previous research that measures effectiveness through perceptions of relationship satisfaction. In Study 1, individuals who have experienced a nonmarital breakup reported on their own and their ex-partners’ mate retention tactics before the breakup to see which ones predicted the outcome of relationship dissolution. Tests for moderation …

The Impact Of Stress On Steroid Hormones And Cue Reactivity In Smokers And Gamblers, Stephanie Elaine Wemm

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Addictions, both substance and behavioral, have been conceptualized as having similar biopsychosocial processes with different opportunistic expressions (Shaffer et al., 2004). Biological processes such as the hormonal response to stress as measured by cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and the ratio of the DHEA/cortisol may be among the variables underlying the disposition to develop an addictive disorder, regardless of whether it is a substance-based or a so-called behavioral addiction. The current study aimed to examine whether physiological and psychological reactions to stress are similar in high-frequency smokers and gamblers. The subjective (urges, cravings) and physiological responses (skin conductance and heart rate) of …

The Effect Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivations On Health Behavior In College Students: A Systematic Review, Kristen Melendez, Sharon Jalene

AANAPISI Poster Presentations

When measuring the weight of individuals to create healthy lifestyle plans with proper diet and exercise it is alarming how many people follow even the MINIMUM requirement to live a long healthy life. Research has proven that even people who are aware that they are overweight will likely only have a short-lived maintenance of healthy behaviors. Therefore, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations were examined in order to better understand the difference between the population who maintains healthy lifestyles and those whose healthy habits are not sustained. Methods: A systematic review process was used to filter and screen for applicable studies …

The Physiological & Psychological Effects Of Sleep Deprivation, Nilson Aguilar

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

Sleep deprivation is a serious issue that affects this nation as a whole and is sadly ignored, overlooked, and even dismissed. Through extensive research one could see that sleep deprivation causes several unwanted health issues: some of which include obesity, insomnia, and anxiety. From this research conducted over the physical and psychological effects of sleep deprivation one can conclude that with simple education over this serious topic the effects of sleep deprivation would in fact significantly decrease. This in turn would benefit several people, families, and even society as a whole.

From the research conducted one can see that as …

The Role Of Positive Expectancies In Risk Behavior: An Exploration Of Alcohol Use And Non- Suicidal Self-Injury, Stephanie Jarvi Steele, Lance P. Swenson

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background: Alcohol use and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) appear to share a conceptual overlap in functions (e.g., tension reduction). Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI, and higher rates of alcohol use have been documented among those with NSSI history. Aims: This study examined whether NSSI-related alcohol expectancies affect relations between NSSI and alcohol use. Method: Participants were 367 college students (73% female) asked to complete an online survey about their drinking behavior and lifetime NSSI. Results: NSSI and alcohol use were highly prevalent in this sample: 56% endorsed lifetime NSSI and 74% endorsed current alcohol use. …

Phylogeny, Psychology, And The Vicissitudes Of Human Development: The Anxiety Of Atavism, Frank Pittenger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This cross-disciplinary dissertation provides a missing intellectual history of an ostensibly dead idea. Once widely held and no less elegant for its obsolescence, the principle of biogenetic recapitulation is best remembered by its defining mantra, “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” Among psychologists and sociologists as well as embryologists, the notion that the development of any individual organism repeats in compressed, miniaturized form the entire history of its species enjoyed broad (if not uncontested) acceptance through the early twentieth century. The author reexamines the origins of this theory in the work of Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel, and traces its influence in psychology …

Significance Of The Feminization Of Male Eating Disorders, Rachel Rothman

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Today, many individuals develop eating disorders; however, eating disorders are typically associated with women. In this paper, I declare that male eating disorders are stigmatized due to the feminization of eating disorders. I explain why this stigma exists and how this bias inhibits professionals from conducting objective research on male eating disorders and diagnosing them correctly. I illustrate how the stigma prevents men from recognizing their own unhealthy behaviors and can deter individuals from recognizing eating disorder-related behaviors in other men. Throughout the essay, I provide my own analysis regarding how to combat the stigmatization of eating disorders. By writing …

The Oculometer Training Tape Technique: The Revival, Carolina Diaz-Piedra, Andres Catena, Luis J. Fuentes, Leandro L. Di Stasi

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The oculometer training tape technique (OT 3 ) aimsto enhance aviation training by 1) allowing theflightinstructors to provide real-time feedback, 2) improving debriefing sessions by playing back the traineepilot’s scan behavior, and 3) editing didactic videos based on the scan behavior of experienced pilots. Despite the original positive evaluations ofits usefulness, the OT 3 hasfailed to gain traction in aviation training programs. This is probably due to the technical difficulties as well as the intrusiveness/bulkiness of the equipment needed. Modern non-intrusive eye trackers,integrated witha forward facing scene-camera, can record pilots’ eye movements and, simultaneously, capture what the pilot sees. Here, …

A Dynamic System Simulation Device To Define Human-System Interface Requirements For The Dassault Rafale, Daniel Hauret, Julien Donnot

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Our study aimedto collect enhancement proposals of Rafale fighter aircraft human-system interface. Proposals had to be innovative and complied with the needs of information for pilots regarding Rafale future capabilities. We developed amethodology based on a device enabling the simulation of a dynamic system activity that is theRafale integrated in its war environment. Creativity of front line pilots participating inthis experimentation has been stimulated but constraint by the necessity ofa useful production due to the risks associated to the modification of a fighter aircraft already operating since 2006. Each proposal has been analyzed and synthetized through the abstraction hierarchy model …

Effects Of An Ecological Interface On Flight Training Effectiveness, Ronald Deerenberg, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Clark Borst, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

For Ecological Interface Design (EID), the underlying constraints and properties of an operator’s work domain are analysed and used as a basis for the design of the information displays, so that these may reveal these underlying mechanisms. Most evaluations for EID have been performed with expertor trained participants. However, it can be hypothesised that the effects of EID will alsochange the way tasks are learned by novices; since the EID designs support direct manipulation, and at the same time show the constraints in the work domain, a novice would be able to performthe task as a skill, employing the direct …

Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training, David Gayraud, Nadine Matton, Andre Tricot

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Wedesigned a specific SA training module and tested whether it would enhance the SA competency of pilot trainees during initial training. Twelve pilot trainees took part to the empirical phase of the study. They were pseudo-randomly assigned to two conditions, the experimental group (n=6) who received the SA training module and the control group (n=6) who did not receive any specific SA training. All pilot trainees were assessed during a flight simulator session in order to evaluate objectively their levels of SA (SAGAT, Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, Endsley, 1995). Results highlighted that the SA levels …

Development Of A Model Of ‘See And Avoid’ In Parachuting, Victoria Cutler, Saskia Revell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The UK military undertakes in-depth investigations of serious parachuting accidents, which have recently included two mid-air collisions. The analysis of these accidents identified that collision avoidance in parachuting uses similar processes to the see-and-avoidtask performed by aircraft pilots. However, no research was identified that had explored see-and-avoid when parachuting. Accordingly, a model of parachuting see-and-avoidwas developed which consisted of six stages which must be performed in sequence for a collision to be avoided successfully. Each stage of see-and-avoid wasassociated with key errors, the likelihood of which wasinfluenced by a range of factors within the individual, their operating environment, and equipment. …

Quantifying Pilot Contribution To Flight Safety During An In-Flight Airspeed Failure, Timothy J. Etherington, Rockwell Collins, Lynda J. Kramer, Randall E. Bailey, Kellie D. Kennedey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Accident statistics cite the flight crew as a causal factor in over 60% of large transport fatal accidents. Yet a well-trained and well-qualified crew is acknowledged as the critical center point of aircraft systemssafety and an integral component of the entire commercial aviation system. A human-in-the-loop test was conducted using a Level D certifiedBoeing 737-800 simulator to evaluate the pilot’s contribution to safety-of-flight during routine air carrier flightoperations and in response to system failures. To quantify the human’s contribution, crew complement was used as an independent variable in a between-subjects design. This paper details the crew’s actions and responses while …

Federal Aviation Administration Flight Deck Human Factors Research Program, Sheryl L. Chappell, Regina G. Bolinger, Ashley C. Awwad

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The next generation air transportation system (NextGen) is a comprehensive suite of state-of-the-art technologies and procedures that improves national airspace system(NAS)capacity and efficiency, while maintaining world-class safety. In order to realize these improvements,the roles and the systems ofpilots and controllers are changing. Advanced technologies and new procedures make the information and the tasksmore complex. The Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Flight Deck Human Factors Research Programexamines flightcrew interaction with current and future technology and pilotperformance of flight procedures. Human factors scientists across industry, government,and academia produce scientific and technical data-driven recommendationsto support the FAA’s development of regulatory standards, policies, and other …

Self-Deception And Impression Management In Commercial Pilots: An Underreported And Potential Confound In Aviation Research, Tabitha T. Black, Ryan Sain, Steven M. Vera

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

A concern when administering questionnaires is whether the participant is providing information that is accurate. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding(BIDR) was used to assess commercial pilots’ socially desirable responding resulting in two profiles: Impression management (IM; faking bad) and self-deceptive enhancement (SDE; faking good). These pilots’ profiles were compared to the Aviation Safety Locus of Control(ASLOC) scale, used to measure external (ASLOC-E) or internal (ASLOC-I)orientation, and the Crew Resource Management Training Survey(CRMTS)developed from the Federal Aviation Administration’s guidelines for CRM. The results from the SDE indicated that over a fourth of the participants responded in a …

Sms Hazard Analysis At A University Flight School, Don Crews, Wendy Beckman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

For the last several years, the flight school of a mid-sizeduniversity has been working to implement a safety management system (SMS). As part of the effort, a robust self-reporting system has been developed, from which data has been used to effect changes in school policies and procedures. In thisproject, the safety reports that have accumulated over the life of the reporting systemwere classified based on the hazards experiencedwhich caused the report generation.Non-use of standard procedures was found to be theleading hazard, with 90 of the 176 reports indicating improper procedure application. The traffic pattern at the non-towered airport wherethe flight …