Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Exploring Facilitated Debriefing Techniques Using A Diary Study, Shawn Pruchnicki Ms, Arjun H. Rao Ph.D

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Diary studies, when used as a qualitative research instrument, provide numerous advantages not possible with other methods. These differences become even more apparent when comparing diary study results to the vastly different quantitative type paradigms. Although less commonly used, their unique benefit to the researcher is both the volume and nature of the open-endeddata captured.This underutilized method offers the researcher an opportunity to discovera rich first person account of the experiences, feelings, observations, and solutions to challenges.Here we present the beginning of a research study where we employed a diary studymethod to discover specific behavioursand observations from the perspective of …

Data-Driven Staffing Recommendations For Air Traffic Control Towers, Linda G. Pierce, Terry L. Craft

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The FAA is interested in an optimalstrategy for placing air traffic controllers into high-level Terminal facilities.Ourresearch question is whether new hire trainees (developmentals) should begin field training at lower-level facilities and transfer to higher-level facilities later, if successfulat the lower-level facility,or begin training at a higher-level facility and transfer to a lower-level facility if unsuccessful? We compared the success rates of developmentalsplaced into medium- and high-level Terminal facilities after completing Academy training to the success rates of certified professional controllers (CPCs)allowed to transferafter completing field training at a lower-level facility. We found that the CPCs who began training at a …

Effects Of Coupling An Operational Philosophy And A Corporate Culture In A Sociotechnical System, Oleksandr Petrenko, Oleg Petrenko

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The article is considered the content, functions and displays of operating philosophy. Suggested the additional model for the analysis of areas of possible incompatibilities in the structure of human factors in view of the "operating philosophy" genesis and manifestations. The results of an empirical study of the interrelationship of the professional worldview on human factor issues and judgments on the desirable socio-cultural characteristics of ATS units among begining air traffic controllers are presented.

Periodic Blink Measures Using Dynamic Windowing, Matt Middendorf, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Christina Gruenwald, Jonathan Mead, Scott Galster

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Artificial neural network (ANN) modelsare a common tool forcognitive state assessment. It is best if the inputs to the model are periodic. Typically, these inputs are extractedfrom physiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and others. Spectral measures derived from EEG data are periodic due to the signal processing. Features based on heart activity and respiration are quasi-periodic by nature. Features extracted from EOG, such as blink rate, can be especiallynon-periodic and can contain outliers. One approach to deal with this problem is to use static windows to compute average blink rate. This approach has some …

An Investigation Into The Information Requirements For Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crew When Dealing With Cyber Threats, Dr. Kristen K. Liggett, Peter Venero, Dr. Gina Thomas

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) crews of the future will encounter more than the traditional threats to their aircraft. In addition to air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles, future conflicts will most likely include cyber weapons. While cyber weapons cancertainly cause physical damage to these aircraft, the potential also exists to turn the friendly RPA against their own forces. The goal of the Resilient and Assured UASSystems and Operations (RAUSO) program is to develop a cyber security module (CSM) that will detect and defend RPAs from cyber attacks. In some cases, the CSM will need to act automatically to defeat the threat. In …

Adaptive Automation Based On Air Traffic Controller Decision-Making, M. Ijtsma, C. Borst, G.A. Mercado-Velasco, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Through smart scheduling and triggering of automation support, adaptive automation has the potential to balance air traffic controller workload. The challenge in the design of adaptive automation systems isto decide how and when the automation should provide support. This paper describes the design of a novel mechanismfor adaptively invoking automation support. Whereas most adaptive automation support systems are reactive in that they invoke automation support aftercontroller workload has increased, the aim of the designed mechanism is to proactively trigger automation support priorto workload increases. To do this, the mechanism assesses the quality of air traffic controller's decisions. The …

Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design (Part 2: Results), Sylvain Hourlier, Xavier Servantie

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Consumer market touch screens ubiquity has driventhe avionics industry to launch in depth evaluations of touch screen forcockpit integration. This paperis a follow-up from ISAP 2015 paperwhere a methodology for turbulence simulation design wasdiscussed. One of the challenges wasto verify touch screen compatibility with in flight use under turbulent conditions, ranging fromlightto severe. The avionics industryrecognized early on the need to alleviate such usability risk and the results of our evaluationsenabled us to define recommendations for our HMI designs. Using our validated turbulent profiles, basic touch screen interaction performances were analyzedand this paper will focus on the results we gathered …

Facilitating Communication For Aviation Training And Maintenance, Lorraine E. Holtaway, Kyle Jackson, Sarah M. Hubbard Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Maintenance errors are the primary cause of approximately 8% of commercial aircraft accidents worldwide. One factor that contributes to human errors is miscommunication. Clear communication is critical in aviation education and in aviation maintenance operations. A fundamental concept for clear communication is both the transmission and receipt of a common message. This research explores the miscommunication and misinterpretation of instructions used in maintenance training. Miscommunicationmay be due to ambiguity, use of jargon, and differentindividual interpretations and methods for standard practices. First, an example of a commonly misunderstood process is identified. Next, enhanced training tools are developed to reduce the likelihood …

Using Pair-Wise Rankings In The Assessment Of Adaptive Aiding, Christina Gruenwald, Matt Middendorf, Chelsea Credlebaugh, Jonathan Mead, Scott Galster

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

In remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations, operator cognitive workload is an important concern. High workload couldresult in performance decrements and operational mishaps. In research, physiological data can beused by models to assess the operator’s cognitive state. When a model detects the onset of cognitive overload, assistance could thenbe provided to the operator to help mitigate the overload in some form of augmentation. However, it is imperative that the assessment is accurate and completed in a timely manner. The accuracy of a workload assessment model and augmentation application canbe evaluated using a psychometrically determined scale of man/machine conditions. Both the operator …

Design Considerations For Attitude State Awareness And Prevention Of Entry Into Unusual Attitudes, Kyle K.E. Ellis, Lawrence J. (Lance) Prinzel Iii, Jarvis J. (Trey) Arthur, Stephanie N. Nicholas, Captain Daniel Kiggins, Harry Verstynen, Captain Clay Hubbs, Captain James Wilkerson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Loss of control –inflight (LOC-I) has historically represented the largest category of commercial aviation fatal accidents. A review of the worldwide transport airplane accidents (2001-2010) evinced that loss of attitude or energy state awareness was responsible for a large majority of the LOC-I events. A Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) study of 18 worldwide loss-of-control accidents and incidents determined that flight crew loss of attitude awareness or energy state awareness due to lack of external visual reference cues was a significant causal factor in 17 of the 18 reviewed flights. CAST recommended that “Virtual Day-Visual Meteorological Condition” (Virtual Day-VMC) displays …

Incomplete Knowledge Of Results And The Manipulation Of Response Bias, Matthew J. Davis

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

In signal detection theory, an optimal observer exploits all available information to achieve the desired goal of a particular decision strategy (Green & Swets, 1966). Detectionexperiments often provide the observer with complete knowledge of results (CKR) in order to ensure best possible performance for the task. If optimal behavior is indeed dependent upon CKR, then a degradation of that information should also reduce the likelihood of achieving optimal response bias. A single-interval auditory detection experiment was conducted to measure changes in response bias in the presence of incomplete knowledge of results(IKR) (i.e. feedback for some combination of true/false detections …

Longitudinal Safety Climate Analysis: Modeling For Enhanced Organizational Response, Erin E. Bowen, Brian J. Roggow

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

Much of the safety climate research captures only a transient state in the aviation environment, by extension limiting organizational responses to transactional approaches. The limits of the transient annual safety climate audit traps safety attitudinal/behavioral research in a static or reactive cycle. The present study takes advantage of a collegiate aviation environment with multiple training locations (each with its own culture), participating in regular safety climate audits across flight operations, to develop an enhanced safety culture model. Using longitudinal climate data collected from the organization, the authors present a mixed-methods trend analysis of safety climate changes to date, incorporating organizational …

Relationship Between Relational Energy, Emotional Labor, And Cognitive Flexibility Among Flight Attendants, Rithi Baruah

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

The primary aim of the civil avaiation insdustry is to work for the safety and comfort of their clients and customers. This study concentrated on the front line employees of the aviation industry, the flight attendants who are paid to smile.Energy at workplace is a fairly new concept and is an organisational resource which help employee attain their goals. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between relational energy and the major issue of emotional labor(deep acting and surface acting)and cognitive flexibility among flight attendants. A correlational research design was used to study the relationship among 39 …

An Investigation Of Minimum Information Requirements For An Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid Traffic Display, Kevin W. Williams

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017

This study was conducted to support the development of Minimum Operational Performance Specifications for UAS Detect and Avoid traffic displays being developed by RTCA Special Committee 228.The experiment tested four different display configurations. Thesewere a baseline display, an indication of Closest Point of Approach (CPA), an avoidance area (blob) indication, and a banding display. Also manipulated in the study weretwo levels of pilot experience and two types of control interface.Analysis of the well clear violations showed a significant effect due to display type. Individual comparisons revealed that both the avoidance areaand banding displays significantly decreased the likelihood of violating well …

Why Can't They Settle? The Psychology Of Relational Disputes, Harry L. Munsinger, Donald R. Philbin Jr.

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

Business partners, spouses, and employees all make deals. Whether this means surgeons forming a partnership, spouses dividing child care responsibilities, or prospective workers negotiating terms of employment, everyone negotiates deals. Many of those deals will change by friendly amendment, modified course of dealing, or amicable termination. Some will result in disputes of varying intensity. Our focus is on disputes that not only generate litigation, but lead to the predictably irrational negotiations that resolve most litigated disputes. In other words, we explore what happens when people move from the romance phase of in-group behavior, where they assume the best of others, …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Associated With Natural And Human-Made Disasters In The World Mental Health Surveys, Evelyn J. Bromet, Lukoye Atwoli, Norito Kawakami, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, P Piotrowski, A J. King, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Jordi Alonso, Brentan Bunting, Koen Demyttenaere

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following natural and human-made disasters has been undertaken for more than three decades. Although PTSD prevalence estimates vary widely, most are in the 20–40% range in disaster-focused studies but considerably lower (3–5%) in the few general population epidemiological surveys that evaluated disaster-related PTSD as part of a broader clinical assessment. The World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys provide an opportunity to examine disaster-related PTSD in representative general population surveys across a much wider range of sites than in previous studies.

Method: Although disaster-related PTSD was evaluated in 18 WMH surveys, only six in high-income …

Treatment Choice Among Combat Veterans, Zachary Clayborne Dietrich

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

A plethora of research has investigated PTSD treatment outcomes among Veterans of foreign wars. However, research has suggested mixed treatment efficacy. Although investigations into factors that may help predict treatment outcomes are emerging, to date no study has evaluated treatment choice among Veteran populations. Previous treatment choice studies have yielded qualitative and quantitative information that can be useful in clinical decision-making. This study looks to build upon the treatment choice literature with combat Veterans to evaluate for underlining characteristics of cohorts that will help build upon existing knowledge. It has been suggested that treatment benefits Vietnam Era Veterans more than …

An Analysis Of The Physiological And Psychological Wellbeing Of Irish Naval Service Personnel, Cliodhna Sargent

Theses

Whilst all military cohorts have been seen to experience both physiological and psychological stressors during occupational duties, the naval service experience different stressors due the prolonged periods of time spent at sea. Research has analysed some of these stressors however many them have focused on how individuals are affected because of time spent in combat zones. The Irish Naval Service (INS) is an organisation under the Irish Defence Forces organisation and as such many of its physiological and psychological assessment procedures have come from the Defenee Forces. Very limited researeh has been carried out in relation to the INS as …

Backward Masking With Simultaneous Early, Middle And Late Evoked Potentials, Silas Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Auditory processing disorders (APDs) affect a diverse range of people. These types of disorders impair auditory function, despite the outer, middle and inner ear maintaining proper function and health. APD is not necessarily related to auditory thresholds. When people with APD have difficulty discriminating sounds in connected speech, it may be due in part to an effect called Backward Masking (BM). Masking occurs when one stimulus inhibits another, which can lead to a variety of impairments. The neural locus of APDs is for the most part unknown, including the specific conditions which cause BM. A better understanding of these processes …

Is High Folic Acid Intake A Risk Factor For Autism?—A Review, Darrell Wiens, M. Catherine Desoto

Faculty Work

Folate is required for metabolic processes and neural development. Insuring its adequate levels for pregnant women through supplementation of grain-based foods with synthetic folic acid (FA) in order to prevent neural tube defects has been an ongoing public health initiative. However, because women are advised to take multivitamins containing FA before and throughout pregnancy, the supplementation together with natural dietary folates has led to a demographic with high and rising serum levels of unmetabolized FA. This raises concerns about the detrimental effects of high serum synthetic FA, including a rise in risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some recent studies …