Other Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Research And Technology Challenges For Human Data Analysts In Future Safety Management Systems, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Kyle K. Ellis, Michael J. Vincent, Samantha I. Infeld, Nikunj C. Oza, Misty D. Davies, Robert W. Mah, Paul A. Krois, Janes Ackerson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Enabling new and novel concepts of operations for Advanced Air Mobility poses an important need to evolve current safety management systems (SMS) and is posited to be realized through advances in Machine Learning (ML) Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence. The “In-time Aviation Safety Management System” (IASMS) concept of operations supports the need to evolve today’s SMS to become more tailorable, scalable, and interoperable in response to forecasted changes expected for the future airspace system. Key to IASMS is integration of proactive and predictive ML algorithms trained to provide “in time” detection and mitigation of hazards and emergent risks through new …

Interface Design For Collaboration With Semi-Autonomous Agents From An Airborne Aircraft, Maj John A. Steveneson, John Mcguirl, Michael E. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

The development of intelligent standoff weapons presents several challenges to support effective human-machine teaming. A key issue involves leveraging the weapon’s ability to sense and react to new threats and engage targets of opportunity in flight while balancing human fiduciary control. This research sought to develop a methodology to determine information requirements of weapons operators to support high levels of teaming during a mission. Baselining a population of operators and conducting cognitive task analyses of system experts from among Air Force Weapons School graduates helped to understand the cognitive requirements and teaming practices of currently fielded systems and elicit goals …

International Students Sense Of Belongingness And Motivation On Academic And Flight Performance, Sophie M. A. Chanoux, Andrew R. Dattel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Motivation, confidence, and internal achievement factors such as locus of control (LOC) and self-efficacy are important in successful learning. A feeling of belongingness might affect students’ confidence, therefore affecting flight training performance. This study explored the relationship between self-reports of social activities and confidence with academic performance and flight performance. Nineteen international students (13m, 6f) with a mean age of 21.42 (SD = 2.29), currently enrolled in a flight training program at a university answered a survey. Significant correlations were found between LOC and confidence in the English language; self-efficacy and number of failures at the end of the Private …

Pilots’ Perspectives On Urban Air Mobility Safety Challenges And Potential Solutions, Rania Wageh Ghatas, Saeideh E. Samani, Victoria L. Dulchinos, Richard H. Mogford

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

As electric vertical takeoff and landing air taxis make their way to urban airspace operations within the United States National Airspace System, many research efforts are underway to identify and understand pertinent issues needed to support the influx of new, passenger-carrying, air vehicles over highly dense, urban communities. The primary focus of this research effort was to gather subjective data from subject matter experts concerning current-day airspace operations to identify potential gaps and improvements needed to support and sustain near-term UAM operations. These potential gaps and improvements will form the foundation for the development of initial information exchange requirements between …

Evaluating Envisioned Air Mobility Architectures Using Computational Simulations Of Work, Abhinay Paladugu, Alicia Fernandes, Stuart Wilson, Thomas J. Davis, Jarrod Lichty, Martijn Ijtsma

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an envisioned concept of operation for managing uncrewed and crewed flights for urban, regional, and interregional air transportation. One element of further development of this envisioned system is to specify architectures in terms of roles and procedures for managing contingencies. Contingency management is a highly distributed function involving coordination between multiple system actors. In this study, a computational model is applied to analyze envisioned procedures and identify architectural solutions to improve the robustness of the contingency response. The simulation framework Work Models that Compute (WMC) is used to analyze a proposed UAM lost link procedure …

Effective Integration Of Human Factors Engineering Into Faa System Development Acquisition Programs, Philip J. Smith

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

This was a research effort focused on developing recommendations to improve the understanding and application of human factors (HF) by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) acquisition program personnel. Broadly speaking, the goal was to investigate methods to help ensure the successful integration of human factors over the lifecycle of the FAA acquisition process. Structured interviews were conducted with 24 individuals with relevant program management and HF experience from the FAA and industry. Relevant FAA resources (documents and websites) and past examples of products developed by individual acquisition programs were reviewed. Based on this research, 22 recommendations were made. Key recommendations along …

Fatigue And Recovery In Pilots And Air Traffic Controllers: A Military Case Study, Pedro Piedade

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Fatigue is a known threat to individuals, especially in high demanding and risky tasks, because of its physical, mental, and emotional consequences. In high reliability organizations (HRO), fatigue is a hazard to safety management systems and requires effective mitigation strategies. At the individual level, recovery experiences enable the ability to manage stressful situations at work but can also be effective in dealing with fatigue. In this research, 137 military pilots and air traffic controllers from the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) responded to an online survey. The results showed that both samples were especially impacted by mental fatigue, but air traffic …

Can You Hear Me? Simultaneous Masking Between The Stars Air Traffic Control Alarms, Corey Hall, Elliot Biltekoff, Matthew L. Bolton

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

The Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) was introduced to eliminate unnecessary Air Traffic Control (ATC) alarms and reduce air traffic controller confusion about alarms. The six STARS alarms are tonal melodies. Because of this, they are susceptible to simultaneous masking: where a tone cannot be heard in the presence of other sounds due to limitations of the human sensory system. This work used a proof-based computational method to analyze the STARS alarms to determine if any masking is possible. Our results found three instances where alarms could be partially masked (have part of their signal made inaudible) by other …

Psychophysiological Research Methods To Assess Airline Flight Crew Resilient Performance In High-Fidelity Flight Simulation Scenarios, Chad L. Stephens, Tyler D. Fettrow, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Jon B. Holbrook, Kathryn M. Ballard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

New concepts in aviation system safety thinking have emerged to consider not only what may go wrong, but also what can be learned when things go right. This approach forms a more comprehensive approach to system safety thinking. A need exists for methods to enable a better understanding of human contributions to aviation safety and how they may inform Safety Management Systems (SMS). A high-fidelity 737-800 simulation study was conducted to study how current type-rated commercial airline flight crews anticipate, monitor, respond to, and learn from expected and unexpected disturbances during line operations. A number of dependent measures were collected …

Utilizing Fram And Digital Materiel Management To Evaluate System Resilience And Inform Design Decisions, Hannah Rennich, Michael E. Miller, John M. Mcguirl

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

As technology upgrades become more complex and introduce sources of performance variability into the system, human factors engineers must identify and mitigate the risks involved. As opposed to more traditional methods like Human Factors Failure Mode and Effects (HF-FMEA), this research explored the use of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) activity diagrams to better understand how variability of human behavior in complex socio-technical systems affect overall performance and how redesign may address performance shortfalls. FRAM analysis was conducted to detect potential failures and deviations. MBSE activity diagrams were then developed to decompose the actions …

Applying Human-Centered Design To Ai-Enabled Pilot Scheduling, Amy L. Alexander, Audrey Haque, Michael Snyder, Rachael Kusiak, Brice Okubo, Kathie Chung, Eric Robinson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Air Force mission and training scheduling is an immensely complex, time-consuming, and significantly manual process. A scheduling tool known as Puckboard has been developed to help C-17 squadrons transition from moving pucks across large whiteboards to utilizing technology to dynamically plan and deconflict resources in the presence of complex constraints. The overarching goal of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into this tool is to empower schedulers to quickly produce more efficient schedules that promote unit readiness, with more pilots completing their training syllabi faster, and with fewer disruptions to missions, training, and aircrew personal life. Our AI efforts focused on refining …

Lvc, What Is It Good For? Trade-Offs In Training Value Of Live Virtual Constructive Air Combat Training In Large Force Exercises, Robert Ramberg, Henrik Artman, Rogier Woltjer, Sanna Aronsson, Mikael Mitchell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

This article reports the results of a workshop study with fighter pilots about the potential benefits and drawbacks of introducing Live Virtual Constructive (LVC) training (combining real aircraft, simulators, and computer-generated AI forces) into Large Force Exercises (LFEs). The study elaborates on a questionnaire study conducted during Arctic Challenge Exercise (ACE) 2021, to investigate pilots’ attitudes towards including virtual and constructive entities in LFEs. In order to get a better understanding of training value of LVC, and explanations for questionnaire answers, two workshops with a total of eight fighter pilots were conducted. Results classify the statements made by the pilots …

Development And Validation Of A Virtual Uam, Stacey M. Ahuja, Thomas Z. Strybel, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Panadda Marayong, Praveen Shankar, Vernol Battiste

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) refers to a system of passenger and cargo air-transportation vehicles within an urban area that is currently being designed to reduce demands for surface transportation. Their success depends on whether many obstacles to UAM operations are overcome. An important challenge to UAM success is the inability of the current air traffic management system to manage urban airspace, and new procedures and operating concepts are needed for coordination of UAM vehicles with existing commercial airspace traffic. Moreover, all systems currently under development initially will require remote or onboard pilots, and these pilots will need significant training to …

Challenges And Opportunities Of Learning Aviation English By Chinese Pilots, Chi Hang Wong, Ion Juvina, Meredith Pitts, Steve Chung, Jennifer Roberts, Andrew H. Schneider

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

We explored the perspectives of Chinese pilots, a rapidly expanding sector in commercial aviation, on how they learn and use Aviation English (AE). A focus group with ten Chinese aviation professionals and in-depth semi-structured interviews with three Chinese commercial pilots were conducted to investigate their views of AE’s pertinence from flight training to line operations. The findings indicate the reliance on rote learning in AE training and the importance of experiential learning for interacting with different AE varieties. The pilots highlighted increased workload when interacting with unfamiliar accents and country-specific phraseology; understanding written communication was also mentioned as a challenge. …

Improving General Aviation Safety Through Human Factors Research, Ian Johnson, Mary E. Johnson, Brandon J. Pitts, Shantanu Gupta, Beth Blickensderfer, John Kleber, Cassandra Domingo, Robert Thomas, Thomas Guinn, Lori Brown, Debbie Carstens, Tianhua Li, Michael E. Splitt, M. Harwin, Barrett Caldwell, Mel Futrell

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Weather continues to play a significant role in general aviation (GA) events. GA pilots use various technologies to access and view weather information in the cockpit. These technologies range from handheld devices to installed displays. A contributing factor in many weather-related events was the pilots' failure to correctly interpret the displayed weather information compared to what was observed out the window. This session will highlight ongoing Human Factors (HF) research aimed at understanding and addressing this problem. Topics include an overview of the FAA’s Weather Technology in the Cockpit (WTIC) program; barriers to automating and implementing a speech-to-coded Pilot Report …

Learning About Routine Successful Pilot Techniques Using A Cued Retrospective Think-Aloud Task, Jon Holbrook, Chad Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Sepehr Bastami, Daniel Kiggins

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Self-report can be a valuable method for collecting data about people’s goals and perceived motivations – data about aspects of crew thinking that are not otherwise readily observable. One of the challenges associated with collecting self-report data on routine successful performance, however, is that details may go unreported, be deemed unimportant, or may not be recalled. We report a study in which commercial airline flight crews participated in a video-cued retrospective think aloud after flying a high-fidelity simulated arrival into Charlotte airport. One day after flying the simulated arrival, crews were shown a video recording of their flight. The video …

Efficacy Of Using Virtual Reality To Support The Training Of The Emerging Pilot Workforce, James G. Birdsong, Kurt L. Reesman, Joellen M. Sefton, Matthew W. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Classroom instruction, computer-based training, flight simulation, and aircraft are used to train pilots. New immersive technologies and associated learning methods are used to train military pilots and may have value in civilian pilot training. This paper describes a study to explore the efficacy of using Virtual Reality (VR) Head-mounted Displays (HMDs) to support the training of the emerging pilot workforce. Participants were ab-initio civilian pilot students enrolled in a collegiate aviation program. Participants learned commercial aircraft preflight tasks using one of three methods. The control group used a combination of traditional classroom lectures and simulator sessions; one experimental group used …

On The Appropriate Participant Expertise For Display Evaluation Studies, M. M. Van Paassen, Clark Borst, Max Mulder, Gijs De Rooij, Ferdinand Dijkstra, Adam Balint Tisza

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Expert participants may not always be available for evaluation of new displays or support systems, and in some cases, it might be better to use novice participants, particularly when the display or support significantly changes existing work practices. To provide tools and arguments for selecting the expertise level of participants, we propose the use of Rasmussen’s decision ladder to analyze where and how a new visualization or a support tool changes the task, and identify steps where a novice participant may learn to perform the task to an acceptable level. A comparison to the support with the current operational interfaces …

A Competency Framework For Aviation Psychologists And Human Factors Specialists In Aviation, Sonja Biede, Federic Detaille, Optihum, Tina Narotra, Katarina Petrovic, Hermann Rathje, Alessandra Rea, Michaela Schwarz, Anna Vereker

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

The new Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1042 on technical requirements and administrative procedures includes psychological assessment of flight crew which refers to accredited Aviation Psychologists (AVPSY). However, the associated acceptable meansof compliance and guidance material does not provide a specific definition or requirements of such psychologists. Likewise, the term Aviation Human Factors Specialist (AVHFS) has not yet been legally recognised in Europe. AVHFS lacks a European definition and no pan-European competency-based endorsement exists. This paper reports the development of a competency framework by members of the European Association for Aviation Psychology (EAAP) and intendeduse in accreditation for AVPSY and AVHFS. It …

Implementation Of The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale At An Outpatient Mental Health Practice To Increase Provider Confidence In Identifying Suicide Risk, Lauren Reed

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Introduction: The purpose of this evidence-based Doctor of Nursing Practice project was to implement the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) as part of routine patient assessment at an outpatient mental health practice to increase the likelihood of identifying clients at risk for suicidal behavior and increase provider confidence in screening for suicidal behavior. The study site is a Southern California-based outpatient mental health practice that employs a variety of clinicians, including psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners, to provide mental health care to clients across the lifespan.

Background: Approximately 57% of individuals who die by suicide had at least one contact with …