Medical Education Commons^™

The Effects Of Fluid Milk In Attenuating Postprandial Hyperglycemia In Adults With Android Obesity, Jay A. Shah, Miriam Pearman, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Postprandial glucose levels are more predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting levels and elevated postprandial glucose negatively impacts vascular reactivity and endothelial function. Chronic high consumption of milk and dairy products are associated with reduced risk of diabetes and CVD due, in part, to changes in peripheral vasodilation and hemodynamics. PUROSE: To determine whether a single serving of non-fat milk could attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia independent of its protein content. METHODS: In a randomized controlled crossover study, twenty-nine overweight/obese adults had their body composition determined via DEXA and completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of …

How People Identify Their Physical Activity Patterns And Neighborhood Walkability: A Pilot Study, Andrea C. Gilson, Misty Kesterson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The walkability of neighborhoods is considered an important indicator of public health. Walkability is defined as a composite of population density, street connectivity, and business access. The walkability of one’s neighborhood can influence one’s perceived physical function and body mass index. PURPOSE: In this research project, we examine how one perceives the walkability of their neighborhood and how that influences self-reported body mass index, physical function, and outcome expectations for exercise. METHODS: Participants were asked to complete a survey that consisted of 45 questions which included demographic information, one’s physical function (Physical Function Questionnaire - Short Form 10b), …

Exercise In Aging: Can Handgrip Training Improve Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Recovery Kinetics?, Susie Chung, Ryan Rosenberry 2450189, Paul Bhella, Michael Nelson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Loss of skeletal muscle function is a key factor contributing to reduced mobility and quality of life in aging individuals. While the exact mechanism remains unclear, impaired skeletal muscle oxidative capacity has been shown to play a major role. Exercise training increases oxidative capacity early in life; however, the potential for exercise to improve oxidative capacity later in life remains equivocal. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that 4 weeks of exercise training can improve skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in elderly individuals beyond the 6^th decade of life. METHODS: To-date, 4 community-dwelling seniors from the local Dallas-Fort Worth …

Effects Of Blood-Flow Restriction On Hemodynamic And Cardiorespiratory Responses To Aerobic Exercise Testing, Jordan H. Stovall, Stacy D. Hunter, John L. Walker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Blood-flow restriction (BFR) training has grown increasingly popular in the world of resistance training with noted benefits for muscle health in healthy individuals as well as a potential alternate training mode for populations who cannot tolerate high-intensity exercise. Although BFR resistance training is well-studied, its effects on hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise are not clearly established. PURPOSE: to evaluate hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic exercise with and without BFR during submaximal treadmill exercise testing. METHODS: Ten healthy, physically active college students participated in two testing sessions, separated by ~7 days, completing a modified Balke treadmill …

Recovery Of Hindlimb Bone Mass Following Prolonged Disuse, Nicholas A. Igbinigie, Corinne Metzger, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to mechanical loads placed on it. For populations with extensive periods of disuse, like those in prolonged bed rest and astronauts during long-duration spaceflight, significant bone loss can occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolonged disuse on weight-bearing bones and the length of time needed to recover disuse-induced bone loss utilizing the hindlimb unloading (HU) method in young rodents. We hypothesized that hindlimb bone mass would partially recover to age-matched control levels by 14 days of recovery following prolonged disuse and fully recover by 90 days of …

Coagulation Activation Pathway May Be Altered In Individuals Comorbid With Hiv And Type 2 Diabetes, Anthony Wolfe, Julie Zuniga, Michelle Harrison

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The expected lifespan of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has increased significantly due to improved treatment options. However, an unintended consequence has been an increased prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It is therefore important to explore the underlying biological mechanisms for this increased risk of T2D among PLWH since it is not yet well understood. Investigation of specific biomarkers could help define the pathogenesis of T2D in PLWH and yield many positive outcomes including the detection of ‘at risk’ individuals as targets of early interventional strategies along with identification of new diagnostic …

Potential Diurnal Variation In Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry Collected Skeletal Muscle Mass Measures: A Pilot Study, Jeb F. Struder, Daniel Newmire

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle mass (SKMM) is ~30 to ~40 % of total body weight. Measuring SKMM is an important assessment for both exercise and nutritional research. There is biological variation in dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) estimates related to subject presentation, changes in tissue hydration, as well as GI tract contents. The consumption of water alone may increase lean mass estimates. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine how normal daily activities (e.g. eating, sleeping, exercise) may influence SKMM measures using DXA. METHODS: (Mean ± SEM; n = 8; ht: 170.2 ± 8.1 cm; wt: 70.6 ± 5.1 …

Plantar Fasciitis, Ashley Brown, Chuck Ruot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CLINICAL PRESENTATION & EXAM: During the initial meeting with the patient, they will describe an intense pain they have been experiencing in their calcaneal region. This type of pain is prevalent as an overload injury, excessive foot pronation during walking or exercise, or obesity. Other risks for plantar fasciitis would be prolonged running periods, high arch, leg length discrepancy, or tightness of the Achilles tendon. Usually the patient states experience of a sharp pain in the mornings when they first get up, after standing for a long time, or after sitting down and resting for a period of time. …

Influence Of Age And Gender On Indoor Rowing Performance, Briana N. Dawkins, Stephen J. Roy, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physiological functional capacity is important in determining one’s ability to perform functional tasks and can be determined by studying peak exercise performance. Rowing is a unique sport requiring substantial muscle strength as well as high endurance capacity. Since it is a non-weight bearing activity, a number of older adults in general and older women in particular engage in this activity as they age. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between aging, gender, and exercise task duration using indoor rowing performance records. METHODS: World records from indoor rowing events were analyzed and plotted against age (17-99 years of age) in …

The Effect Of Repeated 40 Meter Sprint Trials On Salivary Cortisol In Elite Youth Female Soccer Players, Michael D. Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Todd Castleberry, Ryan A. Gordon, Ola Kayed, Manisha Rao, Ada Simpson, Matt Sokoloski, Emily L. Zumbro, Vic Ben-Ezra, Kyle Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The outcome of an intense exercise session is a stress response, potentially resulting in an increase in circulating cortisol. The acute cortisol response due to intense exercise may vary when comparing elite youth athletes and may not be noticeable in athletic performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare salivary cortisol responses between older (17-19 yo) and younger (11-13 yo) elite female soccer players after repeated 40m sprint trials. METHODS: All participants (n=8) were current United States Soccer Federation Development Academy players. Participants were placed into young (n=4, mean ± SD; age 12 ± 0 yrs; …

Functional Hyperemia Is Attenuated In Type 1 Diabetic Rats Following Static Hindlimb Contraction, Charles Kikutaro Crawford, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Yu Huo, Kai Ybarbo, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Functional hyperemia is a responsive, localized increase in blood flow following muscular contraction, which results from the accumulation of metabolites in the contracted region. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with reduced vascular function and an abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise; it is not known, however, if the reactive increase in blood flow succeeding exercise is also impaired in T1DM. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of T1DM on functional hyperemia following static muscle contraction. METHODS: We injected (i.p.) 50mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) or the vehicle (CTL) in male and female Sprague Dawley …

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 Is Upregulated In Early Stage Type 1 Diabetic Rats, Yu Huo, Michelle Harrison, Audrey Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation. T1DM patients are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic inflammation, and this is reflected by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. However, the time point at which these pro-inflammatory cytokines become elevated is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the early stage of T1DM. METHODS: We injected (i.p) 50mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) or the vehicle (CTL) into male and female Sprague Dawley rats …

Mental Toughness In Sport: Moving Towards Conceptual Clarity And Consensus, Thejasvi Anantasagar, Kassi Abbott, Andreas Stamatis, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Although in the past three decades Mental Toughness (MT) has been very popular, recent systematic reviews of the literature reveal that its conceptualization remains vague. The definitional issues and conceptual discrepancies have been hindering both research and practice. PURPOSE: To add on the current state of knowledge and facilitate researchers and practitioners by collating available evidence in regards to construct definitions proposed in literature and by presenting aggregated data about their usage. METHODS: Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases of Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus. Only papers in the English language were included. Cases studies and …

The Effects Of Prior Aerobic Exercise On Lipid And Lipoprotein Responses Following A High-Carbohydrate Meal In Postmenopausal Women, Adam R. Gloeckner, Sarah Bailey, Andreas Kreutzer, Emily Garrity, Lachristina Adams, Carmen Cook, Meena Shah, Beverly Adams-Huet, Dennis J. Cheek, Jada Stevenson, Joel B. Mitchell Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Elevations in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations have been associated with the consumption of high-carbohydrate (CHO) meals. It is not clear if aerobic exercise performed prior to consuming a high-CHO meal will improve blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. PURPOSE: To observe if prior aerobic exercise improves lipid and lipoprotein concentrations following a meal high in CHO in post-menopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-two post-menopausal women completed 2 trials, one with exercise (EX) and the other without exercise (NE), in a randomized cross-over design, with a washout period of 7 days. The EX trial required the completion of 60 min of treadmill …

The Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability And Skeletal Muscle Damage In Female Collegiate Athletes, Brett Crossland, Matt Sokoloski, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an accurate indicator of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity. With athletes, HRV analysis can be a useful tool in analyzing the readiness to train, recovery status, and chronic adaptations to training, and overtraining. Skeletal muscle damage, which can be an outcome of overtraining, may be assessed using biomarkers in the blood, including creatine kinase (CK). The relationship between skeletal muscle damage and measures of HRV with regards to performance is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between HRV measures and serum CK concentrations. A secondary purpose …

Creating A Type I Diabetic Rat With Streptozotocin, Kai Ybarbo, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

The American Heart Association (AHA) recognizes diabetes as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to the destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. A common model for studying T1D is the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rat. STZ targets and destroys beta cells of the pancreas and therefore causes the rats to develop T1D. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to describe the procedure for inducing T1D in a in vivo rat model, to study the cardiovascular responses to exercise. METHODS: Male and female Sprague Dawley rats were …

Effect Of Prior Aerobic Exercise On High-Sugar Meal Induced Endothelial Dysfunction In Postmenopausal Women, Sarah Bailey, Adam Gloeckner, Andreas Kreutzer, Emily Garrity, Lachristina Adams, Carmen Cook, Joel B. Mitchell Ph.D., Dennis J. Cheek, Jonathan Oliver, Melody D. Phillips, Meena Shah

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-sugar meals may cause endothelial dysfunction. It is unclear if aerobic exercise performed 13-16 h prior to consumption of a high-sugar meal (HSM) attenuates endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women (PMW). PURPOSE: To examine if prior aerobic exercise attenuates endothelial dysfunction induced by a HSM in PMW. METHODS: Twenty-two PMW were recruited for the study. All subjects completed 2 trials, one with exercise (EX) and the other without exercise (NE), in a randomized cross-over design, with a washout period of ≥ 7 days. During the EX trial, the subjects completed a 60 min bout of supervised aerobic exercise, at …

Effects Of Fluid Consumption Volumes On Fluid Retention During Sodium-Aided Hyperhydration Protocols, Shelby L. Greene, Elizaveta Roslanova, David M. Morris

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Numerous investigations have supported the use of sodium-aided hyperhydration to improve hydration status and exercise performance in the heat. Sodium-aided hyperhydration studies typically utilize fluid volumes ranging from 10 - 25 mL ∙ kg bm^-1; however, optimum fluid consumption volumes have not been identified. While it may seem logical that larger fluid consumption volumes would promote greater hyperhydration, excessive expansion of plasma volume could stimulate high-pressure baroreceptors and promote excessive diuresis. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different fluid consumption volumes on fluid retention during a sodium-aided hyperhydration protocol. METHODS: Urine excretion was measured during four …

Body Weight Support On Anti-Gravity Treadmill Induces Less Physiological Strain While Running, Ryan A. Gordon, Chris Irvine, Michael Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Kyle D. Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The anti-gravity treadmill developed by AlterG® can be used as an alternative to traditional treadmill running. The AlterG® unloads an individual’s body weight through lower body positive pressure (LBPP) and can support up to 80% of an individual’s body weight. The cardiorespiratory response resulting from a bout of exercise on an AlterG® treadmill may be attenuated compared to similar exercise on a traditional treadmill. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of running at 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% of body weight support (BWS) on the AlterG® to a traditional treadmill. METHODS: Ten …

Exploring Health Related Lifestyle Habits And Influences In Rural India, Priyanka Aranha

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) diabetes in India is projected to increase from 31.7 million in 2000 to 79.4 million in 2030. This drastic growth clearly outlines the need for an increase in both awareness and education. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to collaborate with the non-governmental organization, Mysore Resettlement and Development Agency (MYRADA), to develop an understanding of the perspective towards diabetes in the Chitradurga District. Methods: Focus groups were developed within eight villages to discuss lifestyle behaviors (i.e. level of physical activity, leisure time, occupation, nutritional habits, alcohol and tobacco …