Kinesiology Commons^™

Game On! A Comparative Analysis Of External Load In Division Iii Soccer Players Across Gender And Position, Bianca J. De Lucia, Daniel M. Smith, Ashima Fillbach, Mary K. Feit

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Global positioning systems have been used increasingly in sports science due to their ability to quantify external loads of athletes during competitions and practices. Limited research has examined gender differences in external load throughout a collegiate soccer season. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare game workloads across collegiate men (MSOC) and women (WSOC) soccer players. Division III MSOC and WSOC players wore GPS devices during games throughout a 15-week season. METHODS: Metrics analyzed from GPS data were: total distance (TD), sprint distance (SD), number of deceleration efforts (decel) (>-3 m/s²), number of acceleration efforts (accel) ( …

The Relationship Between International Tennis Association Rankings And Total Athleticism Score In Collegiate Athletes, Ryne Yamashiro, Paulette Yamada, Trevor Short

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Training tennis athletes for peak athletic performance may translate to enhanced on-court performance, resulting in higher rankings. However, the specific trainable tennis attributes that account for the variance in International Tennis Association (ITA) remain elusive. ITA Rankings are calculated based on how a collegiate tennis athlete performs whereby their rankings will change based on wins or losses and scores against their opponents ITA Ranking. A lower ITA Ranking (closer to 1) indicates a higher ranked tennis player. Holistic athletic profiling can be performed by assessing multiple key performance indicators, with the total athleticism score (TAS) being utilized to …

Grip Strength As An Indicator Of Neuromuscular Recovery, Emily Wilhelm

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

Purpose: To evaluate whether grip strength accurately tracks recovery from lower-body exercise comparable to other physical tests and a blood biomarker. Methods: Six subjects (three males and three females) completed testing for estimated 1-RM, jump squat velocity, grip strength, creatine kinase and leg extension peak torque one day prior to a fatiguing session of 10 sets of squats for 10 repetitions at 60% of estimated 1-RM. Each of these tests, as well as ratings of muscular soreness were performed again 24, 48 and 72 hours after the session of squats. Results: For peak torque, the 24 hours (129.5± 35.0 …

Physiological Response To Resisted Plyometric Training On Swimmers Sprint Swim Abilities, David Newman

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study used a casual comparative/quasi-experimental research design to determine whether resisted plyometric training has a more significant effect than non-resisted plyometric training on competitive teenage swimmers’ power and speed. Twelve swimmers were randomly assigned to a resisted group (n = 6, age: 14.5 ± 0.96 years; G (RES)) and an unresisted group (n = 6, age 14.17 ± 1.77 years; G UNRES). In both RES and UNRES groups the plyometric training consisted of lateral box step-ups and squat jumps before swim training twice per week. Pre and post-tests consisted of a power test (vertical jump via Vertical Jump Challenger) …

Immediate And Short-Term Effects Of A Single Bout Of Circuit Resistance Training And Tabata-Style Resistance Training On Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption In Resistance-Trained Individuals, Bruce David Bentley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Increased energy expenditure due to post-exercise oxygen consumption may be a valuable tool in maintaining health and preventing obesity. Circuit resistance training and Tabata-style resistance training have potential to increase daily energy expenditure in a time-efficient manner. The purpose of this study was to compare the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption immediately following and 24 hours after a single bout of circuit resistance training and a single bout of Tabata-style resistance training. Nine participants were recruited and randomly assigned a completion order of the control, circuit resistance training, and Tabata-style resistance training conditions. Resting energy expenditure were measured at baseline, immediately …

Fluid Intake And Hydration Responses To Mass Participation Gravel Cycling, Carly Schuerger, Brandon Raik, Francis Salmon, Kian Foote, Angelo Madlambayan, Maya Vega, Grace Handler, Matthew M. Schubert

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(2): 1648-1662, 2024. Gravel cycling is a relatively new cycling discipline, with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) hosting their first World Championships in 2022. Gravel races combine features of road racing, cyclocross, and mountain biking, including terrain of varying technical difficulty, long distances, substantial elevation gain, obstacles, and limited opportunities to stop for in-race nutrition. This study assessed hydration responses to gravel races of three different distances. Data were collected on saliva osmolarity (SOsm), body mass (BM), fluid intake, and nutrition knowledge at a gravel cycling race in April 2023. A total of 121 participants …

Assessment Of The Accuracy Of A Deep Learning Algorithm- And Video-Based Motion Capture System In Estimating Snatch Kinematics, Federico Thiele, Florian K. Paternoster, Chris Hummel, Fabian Stöcker, Denis Holzer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1629-1647, 2024. In weightlifting, quantitative kinematic analysis is essential for evaluating snatch performance. While marker-based (MB) approaches are commonly used, they are impractical for training or competitions. Markerless video-based (VB) systems utilizing deep learning-based pose estimation algorithms could address this issue. This study assessed the comparability and applicability of VB systems in obtaining snatch kinematics by comparing the outcomes to an MB reference system. 21 weightlifters (15 Male, 6 Female) performed 2–3 snatches at 65%, 75%, and 80% of their one-repetition maximum. Snatch kinematics were analyzed using an MB (Vicon Nexus) and VB (Contemplas …

Clinical Utility Of Opencap Motion Analysis In Lower Limb Prosthesis Users, Sarahi Fernandez Leon

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

The use of prosthetics has gradually increased due to various diseases, and it is estimated that 35-40 million people are prosthetic/orthotic users, with the number estimated to increase to two billion by 2050. Mobility has been determined to be a strong predictor of quality of life. There are various ways to measure mobility and predict outcomes in lower-limb amputees (LLA), such as self-report and performance-based measures. However, these come with many limitations, showcasing the need for quantitative measures of gait parameters to allow for better development of prosthetic components. Motion analysis tools are expensive and time consuming, but an inexpensive, …

Correlation Between Maximal Eccentric And Isometric Multi-Joint Lower-Extremity Strength And Vertical Jumping Performance In Young Adults, Joonsun Park, Cassidy Weeks, Brennan J. Thompson, Talin Louder

Kinesiology and Health Science Student Research

Maximal eccentric (MES) and isometric (MIS) muscle strength may enhance vertical jump performance by facilitating preloading and reducing energy loss during the eccentric (ECC) phase of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). However, the contributions of ECC and isometric (ISO) strength to the countermovement (CMJ) and depth jump (DJ) remain unclear due to variability in assessment methods (e.g., dynamometry, isometric mid-thigh pull) and the limited range of metrics examined in prior research. The aim of this study was to assess correlations between multi-joint lower extremity MES and MIS, obtained using a seated multi-joint isokinetic dynamometer, and 13 vertical ground reaction force (GRF) …

Advocating For Occupational Therapy Intervention With In-House Athletics, Jatia Littles, Cynthia Haynes

Fall 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium

Occupational therapists (OT) have the opportunity to work with athletes by outsourcing through orthopedic centers with professional leagues such as the National Football League (NFL) (Jobs in Sports, 2022) but rarely do you see OTs within the sports complex working in-house. Although many studies go into great detail on the benefits of occupational therapy during the rehabilitation process, there are only a limited number of studies that explore occupational therapy intervention in athletics (Andreas et al., 2021). This project designed and implemented an occupational therapy-focused advocacy project that involves informing interprofessional sports faculty on the benefits of OTs being a …

A011: Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Microbiota: Gut-Brain Axis And Hippocampal Neurotransmitters In Aging Mice, Yuqian Liu, Wenqian Yang, Haitao Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Background/Objective: Gut flora plays an important role in host stress response, anxiety, depression and cognitive function through the gut-brain axis. Microbial diversity decreases with age, which in turn affects the function of the nervous system. The role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases and neurodegenerative diseases has received increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the regulatory role of intestinal flora, gut-brain axis and nervous system function in the prevention of nervous system function decline in the elderly.

Methods: The sample consisted of 16, 52-week-old SPF C57BL/6 male mice that were randomly divided …

A067: Latent Profile Analysis Of The Development Characteristics Of Fundamental Motor Skills In Children, Qinping Xu, Xiaozan Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Focusing on the sensitive period of motor development, the current study used TGMD-3 to assess the development level of fundamental motor skills in 4833 children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai. The potential categories of children's fundamental motor skill development characteristics and their interrelationship with demographic variables were analyzed using potential profile analysis and Chi-squared test, aiming to provide references for the construction of motor development interventions for children with different motor development levels. The results revealed that: 1) The developmental level of fundamental motor skills in 3-6-year-old children in Shanghai can be categorized into five latent categories, from low to …

Acute Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Supplementation Enhances Cognitive Performance In Healthy Men, Chad M. Kerksick

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Choline is an essential nutrient required for proper cell functioning. Due to its status as a precursor to acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter connected to cognition and neuromuscular function, maintaining or enhancing choline levels is of interest. Supplementation with alpha-glycerylphosphorycholine (A-GPC) can maintain choline levels, but its ability to offer support towards cognition remains an area of ongoing research. Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover approach, 20 resistance-trained males (31.3 ± 11.0 years, 178.6 ± 7.3 cm, 84.6 ± 11.4 kg, 15.4 ± 5.6% body fat) consumed either a placebo (PL), 630 mg A-GPC (HD), or 315 mg (LD) …

Effects Of Acacia Catechu And Scutellaria Baicalensis Extract On Cognitive Function In A Healthy Adult Population: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Anthony M. Hagele, Petey Mumford, Diego De Gregorio, Connor J. Gaige, Ethan R. Hoffman, Kristen N. Gross, Kevin F. Holley, Leah E. Allen, Chad M. Kerksick

Faculty Scholarship

Flavonoids, known for their neuroprotective properties, are abundant in Acacia catechu and Scutellaria baicalensis. Yet, human studies on their combined effects are limited.

Objective

This study evaluated the cognitive effects of combined Acacia catechu and Scutellaria baicalensis supplementation in healthy adults.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 26 males and 59 females (N = 85; 43 ± 8 yrs) consumed the test product (TP) containing 240 mg stem extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and 51 mg heartwood extract of Acacia catechu (UP326, Unigen, Tacoma, WA USA) or placebo (PLA) for four weeks. Cognitive function and biomarkers were assessed throughout …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methylbutyrate (Hmb), John A. Rathmacher, Lisa M. Pitchford, Jeffrey R. Stout, Jeremy R. Townsend, Ralf Jägerg, Richard B. Kreider, Bill I. Campbell, Chad M. Kerksick, Patrick S. Harty, Darren G. Candow, Brandon M. Roberts, Shawn M. Arent, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio

Faculty Scholarship

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on an analysis of the literature regarding the effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB). The following 12 points have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: 1. HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that is naturally produced in both humans and other animals. Two forms of HMB have been studied: Calcium HMB (HMB-Ca) and a free acid form of HMB (HMB-FA). HMB-FA appears to lead to increased appearance of HMB in the bloodstream when compared to HMB-Ca, though recent results are mixed. 2. …

Dileucine Ingestion, But Not Leucine, Increases Lower Body Strength And Performance Following Resistance Training: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Anthony M. Hagele, Joesi M. Krieger, Connor J. Gaige, Kevin F. Holley, Kristen N. Gross, Joshua M. Ianotti, Leah E. Allen, Paige J. Sutton, Logan S. Orr, Petey W. Mumford, Martin Pupura, Ralf Jager, Chad M. Kerksick

Faculty Scholarship

Background

The essential amino acid leucine (LEU) plays a crucial role in promoting resistance-training adaptations. Dileucine (DILEU), a LEU-LEU dipeptide, increases MPS rates, however its impact on resistance training outcomes remains unexplored. This study assessed the effects of DILEU supplementation on resistance training adaptations.

Methods

Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, 34 resistance-trained males (age: 28.3 ± 5.9 years) consumed 2 grams of either DILEU monohydrate (RAMPS™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.), LEU, or placebo (PLA) while following a 4-day per week resistance training program for 10 weeks. Changes in body composition, 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and repetitions to failure (RTF) for leg …

Part Ii. Common Questions And Misconceptions About Creatine Supplementation: What Does The Scientific Evidence Really Show?, Jose Antonio, Ann F. Brown, Darren G. Candow, Philip D. Chilibeck, Stacey J. Ellery, Scott C. Forbes, Bruno Gualano, Andrew R. Jagim, Chad Kerksick, Richard B. Kreider, Sergej M. Ostojic, Eric S. Rawson, Michael D. Roberts, Hamilton Roschel, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stout, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Darryn S. Willoughby, Tim N. Ziegenfuss

Faculty Scholarship

Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) is a safe and effective intervention for improving certain aspects of sport, exercise performance, and health across the lifespan. Despite its evidence-based pedigree, several questions and misconceptions about CrM remain. To initially address some of these concerns, our group published a narrative review in 2021 discussing the scientific evidence as to whether CrM leads to water retention and fat accumulation, is a steroid, causes hair loss, dehydration or muscle cramping, adversely affects renal and liver function, and if CrM is safe and/or effective for children, adolescents, biological females, and older adults. As a follow-up, the purpose …

Common Questions And Misconceptions About Energy Drinks: What Does The Scientific Evidence Really Show?, Jose Antonio, Brandi Antonio, Shawn M. Arent, Darren G. Candow, Guillermo Escalante, Cassandra Evans, Scott Forbes, David Fukuda, Maureen Gibbons, Patrick Harty, Andrew R. Jagim, Douglas S. Kalman, Chad Kerksick, Jennifer A. Kurtz, Joseph Lillis, Lonnie Lowery, Gianna F. Mastrofini, Scotty Mills, Michael Nelson, Flavia Pereira, Justin Roberts, Michael Sagner, Jeffrey Stout, Jaime Tartar, Adam Wells

Faculty Scholarship

Energy drinks are a commonly consumed beverage, and studies suggest a possible performance-enhancing effect. A Google Scholar search using the keywords “energy drinks” and “exercise” yields numerous results, underscoring the voluminous research on this topic. However, there are questions regarding the effectiveness and safety of energy drinks. These questions include, but are not limited to: (1) What are the main active ingredients in energy drinks? (2) Do energy drinks assist in weight management? (3) Do energy drinks enhance aerobic performance? (4) Do energy drinks enhance athletic speed? (5) Do energy drinks improve reaction time? (6) Do energy drinks enhance lean …

The Influence Of Pitch Type (Fastball, Curveball, And Change-Up) On The Contralateral Trunk Tilt In Adolescent Pitchers, Arlene Nichole Perez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Baseball participation has grown, with over 15.59 million players aged six and older in 2021. Pitching relies on effective coordination of the kinetic chain to transfer forces and generate ball velocity. While trunk rotation during pitching has been studied, contralateral trunk tilt across pitch types remains underexplored. This study investigated differences in hand velocity, stride length, and contralateral trunk tilt between fastball, curveball, and change-up pitches in 16 adolescent pitchers ages 15-18. Motion data were collected using a seven-camera system interfaced with Theia 3D. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in hand velocity between fastball and change-up (p = …

The Endocrine And Body Composition Responses To Accentuated Eccentric Loading Performed In Cluster Sets During A Strength–Endurance Training Block, Kurt W. Mcdowell, Alex Long, Daniel Gahreman, D. Andrew Nelson, Nicholas J. Goode, Ryan P. Lis, Sungwon Chae, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Marten Baur, Kevin F. Breuel, Marco Duca, John P. Wagle, Andy C. Fry, Michael H. Stone

Kinesiology

Featured Application: Research on the endocrine changes from AEL training is limited, especially for long-term effects. This study suggests that combining AEL with CS might offer similar or slightly better results compared to traditional training. However, the practical challenges, such as increased training monotony and strain, may outweigh the minimal benefits. The extra cost, time, and effort required for AEL, especially in large team settings, might not be justified. Additionally, individual differences in optimal loading prescriptions could complicate its use, making traditional methods more efficient. This study investigated the endocrine responses to accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) paired with cluster sets …