Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Herbal Diet On Skeletal Muscle Mass After Resistance Training In Rats, Junyoung Hong, Kijeong Kim, Aram Yoon, Joon Young Park, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Resistance training has been well established as an effective strategy for muscle hypertrophy, increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Herbal diet has been introduced as an alternative treatment to alleviate muscle atrophy and therapeutic intervention. However, there is little evidence on the effect of herbal diet on skeletal muscle mass. To investigate whether herbal diet affects skeletal muscle mass after resistance training in rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) Control (CON, N=8), 2) Resistance training (RT, N=8), 3) RT+Herb (RTH, N=8). Resistance training was performed every other day for 8 weeks using ladder climbing. The …

The Effect Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus On Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Heavy Exercise, Dustin R. Allen, Cory L. Butts, Davor Krnjajic, David Keller, Paul Mcdonough

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The kinetics of oxygen uptake (Vo₂) during the rest to exercise transition are thought to be modulated by intracellular metabolic processes. Diabetes has been shown to slow Vo₂ kinetics, likely due to the impact of diabetes upon microvascular oxygen exchange (Padilla et al, 2007). However, to date, recovery from exercise has yet to be studied in these patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the existence of diabetes would hamper Vo₂ kinetics during transitions to and from heavy leg cycling (H: Supra-LT). Nine subjects (4 control, 5 diabetic) completed three …

Gender & Sport Related Differences In Electrocardiogram & Pre-Participation Exams (Ppe) In College Age Athletes, Ryan Eaton, Jamie Cvikel, Annie Nalepa, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The NCAA requires all college level athletes to receive a pre-participation physical exam (PPE). However, most colleges do not require electrocardiogram (ECG) screening to help detect cardiac abnormalities. Using specific ECG markers could help detect cardiac abnormalities based on gender and or sport. The purpose of this this study was to provide preliminary information about the usefulness of 12-lead ECGs in detecting potential cardiac risk during sport.

Methods: Division II level college level athlete’s ages 18 to 25 (N=111) participated in this study. Age, gender, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure and heart rate were measured during PPE …

The Effect Of Age And Exercise Training On Endothelial Function And Protein:Protein Interactions Among Enos And Its Regulatory Proteins In Rat Aortas, Meredith J. Luttrell, John Seawright, Christopher R. Woodman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies indicate that nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation declines with age. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that impaired NO-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation in aged arteries is due to age-related alterations in protein:protein interactions among endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its regulatory proteins, resulting in reduced NO production in aged arteries. The regulatory proteins of interest in this study are Caveolin-1 (Cav1), an inhibitor of eNOS enzyme activity, and Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which enhances eNOS activity. METHODS: Young (2 mo) and Old (22 mo) male Fischer 344 rats were endurance exercise trained on …

Establishing The Learned Effect Of Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests, Joseph R. Secrest, Kylie-Ann Louw, Eric J. Jones, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is a recognized and well established tool used to measure power output, muscular endurance and fatigue. Changes within the aforementioned variables attributable to a learning effect could reduce the reliability of these measures. The purpose of this study was to establish the number of WAnT trials needed to produce a learned effect and reliability of that effect. Ten apparently healthy college-aged males participated in five trials of 30-second cycle ergometer sprints separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Resistance for trials was calculated at 7.5% of each respective subjects’ weight. This study tracked the changes …

Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness And Cerebral Vascular Reactivity In College-Aged African Americans, Chansol Hurr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

African Americans (AA) have increased risk for cardio and cerebral vascular disease relative to Caucasians (CA). While is it generally accepted that arteries become stiffer at a younger age in AA; less is known regarding cerebral vascular function / reactivity (CVMR) to hypercapnia in AAs. Furthermore, to our knowledge, little is known regarding the relationship between arterial stiffness and CVMR, particularly in young healthy adults. We tested the hypothesis that AAs have elevated arterial stiffness and reduced CVMR during hypercapnia relative to CAs. Furthermore, we hypothesized that there would be a negative relationship between arterial stiffness and CVMR. In 7 …

Prediction Of Total Body And Regional Strength Using Dexa Body Composition Measurements, Alex T. Carradine, Brad S. Lambert, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT Resistance training is a valuable exercise modality but few tools exist to aid practitioners in refining resistance exercise prescriptions. PURPOSE: To determine if a relationship exists between strength and selected body composition variables measured by DEXA; and if so, develop equations which predict total body and regional strength. METHODS: Sixty-eight subjects (Male n = 34, Age = 35±11.96yrs, Height = 181.54±6.76cm, Weight = 97.82±16.68kg, Body Fat = 31.24±8.12% | Female n = 34, Age = 37±12.6yrs, Height = 165.41±5.64cm, Weight = 80.55±18.48kg, Body Fat = 43.00±10.16%) underwent DEXA body composition testing and maximal strength testing utilizing Keiser® pneumatic resistance …

Vitamin D Deficiency In Tamu Female Basketball Players And Supplement Effectiveness, Melissa Bellows, Jon Tanguay, Stephen F. Crouse, Diana Harbourt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose:

Vitamin D deficiency has been defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as a level of serum 25-OH vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL. The Endocrine Society went on to further define vitamin D insufficiency as a level between 21 and 29 ng/mL. Research suggests that vitamin D deficiency could increase fracture risk in athletes, especially females who are naturally prone to deficiency.

Methods: Eight female athletes from the Texas A&M women’s basketball team

(21 ± 1yrs; 88 ± 18 kg; 179 ± 16.5cm; BMI 26 ± 3 kg/m²; black female) were identified to have low vitamin …

Cardiorespiratory And Biomechanical Responses To Simulated Horseback Riding In Healthy Children, Brandon R. Rigby, Zacharias Papadakis, Annie Bane, Jin Park, Peter Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract

Cardiorespiratory and biomechanical responses to simulated horseback riding in healthy children

B RHETT RIGBY, ZACHARIAS PAPADAKIS, ANNIE A BANE, JIN K PARK, and PETER W GRANDJEAN

Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technology; Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation; Baylor University; Waco, TX

Category: Doctoral

ABSTRACT

The movement of specific body segments during horseback riding is similar to common physical activities such as walking. Yet, little is known regarding the cardiovascular responses to horseback riding (HBR) which may be due to how difficult it is to quantify the physical work of HBR. The purpose of this study …

High On Grass? Influence Of Terrain On Human Walking Economy., Lindsay M. Wohlers, Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Peter G. Weyand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The metabolic energy cost of human walking has been extensively studied. However, the influence of terrain on the metabolic costs incurred across commonly encountered surfaces is not well understood. Objective: Our objective was to test whether the metabolic cost of walking would vary between treadmill, asphalt, and grass surfaces. We hypothesized that the metabolic energy cost of walking would not differ between the three common level walking conditions: (standard) commercial treadmill, firm asphalt and well-groomed grass field. Methods: Five subjects walked on a level treadmill at speeds ranging from 0.4 m·s^-1 to 1.9 m·s^-1. Indirect calorimetry …

Human Sprint Running Mechanics: Do Right And Left Legs Apply Equal Ground Forces?, Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Peter G. Weyand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: A growing body of research has focused on between-leg asymmetry as a critical factor for athletic performance and dysfunction. Specifically, various measures of between-leg asymmetry during running have been investigated in both healthy and injured populations. However, while the most important factor for running performance is the magnitude and rate of ground force application, it is not known whether the right and left legs typically apply equal ground forces at faster running speeds. Objective: In a healthy population of athletic female participants, we aimed to: 1) compare the mechanics of ground force application between right and left legs during …

Skin And Cerebral Vascular Function / Reactivity In Healthy Young Adult African Americans, Kiyoung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

African Americans (AA) are at an increased risk for cardio and cerebral vascular disease relative to Caucasians (CA) and the underlying impairments manifest as early as the second generation prior to overt signs of risk. The mechanisms of this increased risk are multifactorial; however, evidence suggests that microvascular dysfunction is a primary contributor. This study tested the hypothesis that microvascular function, indexed by the skin vascular conductance (SkVc) response to local heating, is impaired in young otherwise healthy AAs. Furthermore, we hypothesized that AAs have an attenuated cerebral vasodilator response to hypercapnia. To date complete data sets have has been …

Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics During Concentric And Eccentric Phases Of Heavy Resistance Exercise, Gilbert Moralez, Steven A. Romero, Caroline A. Rickards, Peter B. Raven, William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rapid and drastic fluctuations in arterial blood pressures, such as those occurring during heavy resistance exercise pose a unique challenge to the maintenance of cerebral perfusion. During high-intensity leg cycling, regulation of cerebral perfusion is reduced by rapid decreases in beat-to-beat fluctuations in blood pressure (diastolic phase) rather than rapid increases (systolic phase). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that rhythmic heavy resistance exercise will similarly impair the regulation of cerebral blood flow during the diastolic phase of beat-to-beat fluctuations in pressure. We studied seven healthy male subjects. Beat-to-beat finger arterial pressures, and middle cerebral artery …

Vasodilation To Pth 1-84 In Bone Resistance Arteries Of Rats Occurs Via Endothelium-Dependent, Rather Than Endothelium-Independent Signaling, Tyler J. Benson, Rhonda D. Prisby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a potent vasodilator, causing systemic hypotension. Previous investigations concluded that vasodilation to PTH in a variety of vascular beds occurs via inhibition of L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle cells. Further, removal of the endothelium in aortic strips and tail arteries did not inhibit relaxation to PTH, suggesting that vasodilation in these vessels does not require nitric oxide (NO) or vascular endothelial cells (Pang et al., 1985; Nickols 1987; Nickols et al., 1986; Crass et al., 1988). We have previously shown that PTH 1-84 augments vasodilation to ~52% of maximum diameter in the femoral principal nutrient …

Comparing Three Methods Of Measuring Skin Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment, Randall R. Williams, Adam S. Venable, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise in a hot, humid environment substantially increases the physiological stress of exercise. Most of the techniques that are currently used to monitor changes in skin temperature have been in use for more than 20 years with little innovation. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: 1) to compare three techniques for measuring skin temperature (wired skin electrode, wireless temperature data logger, and thermal imaging) and 2) to compare and contrast these measures in men and women completing 45-min of cycling in a hot (39±2°C), humid (45±5% RH) environment. The CPHS committee approved all procedures described in this report …

Effects Of Capsaicin And Evodiamine Ingestion On Energy Expenditure And Fat Oxidation At Rest And After Moderately-Intense Exercise In Young Men, Neil A. Schwarz, Mike Spillane, Paul La Bounty, Pete Grandjean, Brian Leutholtz, Darryn S. Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Capsaicin and evodiamine are two thermogenic agents each recognized for their ability to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and are thus found in many dietary supplements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the effects that capsaicin and evodiamine have on hemodynamics, energy expenditure, and markers of lipid oxidation while at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise in young men. In a randomized, cross-over design, 11 men orally ingested 500 mg of capsaicin, evodiamine, or placebo while at rest after 30 minutes of resting energy expenditure assessment using open-circuit spirometry. After an additional 30 minutes …

Association Of Cardiovascular Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Police Officers, Matthew S. Schmidt, Steve Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). A study by Jurca and coworkers (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(8):1301-1307, 2004) found a relationship between aerobic fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). In addition, recent work in our lab (Int J Exerc Sci 2(1): S43, 2009) has supported these findings. However, research exploring this relationship is still lacking in male police officers. Previous research has suggested that the prevalence of CAD in police …

Gender Differences In Skin And Core Body Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment., Adam S. Venable, Randall R. Williams, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background. It is universally accepted that men and women regulate heat differently during exercise in hot, humid environments. Despite this common knowledge, little empirical data is available to explain how gender differences effect core/skin temperature changes. Further, the data that is available includes only limited measurement sites and/or time points. Methods. The purpose of this study was to measure the heat regulatory patterns for both men and women during 60-min of exercise in a hot, humid environment. Twenty aerobically fit subjects (10 men; 10 women) completed an acclimation session followed by a 60-min exercise protocol in an environmental chamber set …

Association Of Cardiovascular Fitness And Syndrome X In Male Firefighters, Adam C. Sanchez, Steven E. Martin, Brad S. Lambert, Alex Carradine, John S. Green Facsm, Steve F. Crouse Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. A study by Jurca and coworkers (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(8):1301-1307, 2004) found a relationship between cardiovascular fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). In addition, recent work in our lab (Int J Exerc Sci 2(1): S43, 2009) has supported these findings. However, research exploring this relationship is still lacking in male firefighters, whose leading cause of line-of-duty deaths is heart attacks. Purpose: To further …

Deptor Expression Correlates With Muscle Protein Synthesis, Kevin L. Shimkus, Elyse V. Wudeck, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Mats I. Nilsson, Nicholas P. Greene, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has long been declared a focal point of muscle protein synthesis. mTORC1 (an mTOR complex consisting of mTOR, raptor, PRAS40, and mLST8) has been associated with regulation of protein translation in muscle, altering expression and activity levels of key downstream targets S6K1 and eIF-4E-BP1. mTORC1 has been shown to be affected by various stimuli, including nutritional status, growth factors, and mechanical loading. But in past incidents we have found disconnects in muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signaling, stimulating discussions that mTOR content and activation alone may not be able to fully account for muscle protein …