Symposium Volume 3, Issue 1,
2017
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Symposium Volume 3, Issue 1
Symposium
Collection of research projects conducted by students of the College of Science and Math at California Polytechnic State University
A General Relationship Links Gait Mechanics And Running Ground Reaction Forces,
2017
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
A General Relationship Links Gait Mechanics And Running Ground Reaction Forces, Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Peter G. Weyand
Kinesiology Faculty Publications
The relationship between gait mechanics and running ground reaction forces is widely regarded as complex. This viewpoint has evolved primarily via efforts to explain the rising edge of vertical force– time waveforms observed during slow human running. Existing theoretical models do provide good rising-edge fits, but require more than a dozen input variables to sum the force contributions of four or more vague components of the body’s total mass (mb). Here, we hypothesized that the force contributions of two discrete body mass components are sufficient to account for vertical ground reaction force– time waveform patterns in full (stance foot and …
The Effectiveness Of Teamwork Training On Teamwork Behaviors And Team Performance : A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Controlled Interventions,
2017
University of British Columbia
The Effectiveness Of Teamwork Training On Teamwork Behaviors And Team Performance : A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Controlled Interventions, Desmond Mcewan, Geralyn R. Ruissen, Mark Eys, Bruno D. Zumbo, Mark R. Beauchamp
Kinesiology and Physical Education Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of teamwork interventions that were carried out with the purpose of improving teamwork and team performance, using controlled experimental designs. A literature search returned 16,849 unique articles. The meta-analysis was ultimately conducted on 51 articles, comprising 72 (k) unique interventions, 194 effect sizes, and 8439 participants, using a random effects model. Positive and significant medium-sized effects were found for teamwork interventions on both teamwork and team performance. Moderator analyses were also conducted, which generally revealed positive and significant effects with respect to several sample, intervention, and measurement …
Sex Differences In Neuromuscular Fatigability Of The Knee Extensors Post-Stroke,
2017
Marquette University
Sex Differences In Neuromuscular Fatigability Of The Knee Extensors Post-Stroke, Meghan Kirking, Reivian B. Barillas, Philip A. Nelson, Sandra K. Hunter, Allison S. Hyngstrom
Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications
Background and Purpose: Despite the implications of optimizing strength training post-stroke, little is known about the differences in fatigability between men and women with chronic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the sex differences in knee extensor muscle fatigability and potential mechanisms in individuals with stroke. Methods: Eighteen participants (10 men, eight women) with chronic stroke (≥6 months) and 23 (12 men, 11 women) nonstroke controls participated in the study. Participants performed an intermittent isometric contraction task (6 s contraction, 3 s rest) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until failure to maintain the target …
Rates Of Performance Loss And Neuromuscular Activity In Men And Women During Cycling: Evidence For A Common Metabolic Basis Of Muscle Fatigue,
2017
Marquette University
Rates Of Performance Loss And Neuromuscular Activity In Men And Women During Cycling: Evidence For A Common Metabolic Basis Of Muscle Fatigue, Christopher W. Sundberg, Sandra K. Hunter, Matthew W. Bundle
Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications
The durations that muscular force and power outputs can be sustained until failure fall predictably on an exponential decline between an individual’s 3-s burst maximum to the maximum performance they can sustain aerobically. The exponential time constants describing these rates of performance loss are similar across individuals, suggesting that a common metabolically based mechanism governs muscle fatigue; however, these conclusions come from studies mainly on men. To test whether the same physiological understanding can be applied to women, we compared the performance-duration relationships and neuromuscular activity between seven men [23.3 ± 1.9 (SD) yr] and seven women (21.7 ± 1.8 …
Youth Views On Communication About Adhd And Medication Adherence.,
2017
Utah State University
Youth Views On Communication About Adhd And Medication Adherence., Betsy Sleath, Delesha Carpenter, Robyn Sayner, Kathleen Thomas, Larry Mann, Adam Sage, Sandra H. Sulzer, Adrian D. Sandler
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
The purpose of this study was to examine youth perceptions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) communication with their pediatric providers, their reported adherence to their ADHD medications, and their desired location for an ADHD educational program. Youth ages 7 through 17 with an ADHD diagnosis were recruited. A research associate interviewed the youth. Parents completed demographic questionnaires. Seventy families participated. One-third of the youth wanted more discussion about ADHD with their providers during visits. The average youth had over eight questions about ADHD and its treatment. Most youth wanted to learn about ADHD at their provider’s office. Non-white and …
Metastable Pain-Attention Dynamics During Incremental Exhaustive Exercise,
2017
INEFC Barcelona University
Metastable Pain-Attention Dynamics During Incremental Exhaustive Exercise, Agnė Slapšinskaitė, Robert Hristovski, Selen Razon, Natàlia Balagué, Gershon Tenenbaum
Kinesiology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Eccentric Resistance Training In Adults With And Without Spinal Cord Injuries,
2017
Middle Tennessee State University
Eccentric Resistance Training In Adults With And Without Spinal Cord Injuries, Whitley J. Stone, Sandra L. Stevens, Dana K. Fuller, Jennifer L. Caputo
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 154-165, 2017 The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of active lower body eccentric resistance training (ERT) in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) and controls (CON). Specifically, the study was designed to determine if those with iSCI adapt similarly to ERT as CON participants as well as the overall safety and efficacy of ERT in this population. This pilot investigation involved the recruitment of persons with iSCI (n = 3) and age- and sex-matched able-bodied CON (n = 3). The 8-week intervention focused on building lower extremity …
The Accuracy Of Pedometers In Measuring Walking Steps On A Treadmill In College Students,
2017
Nebraska Wesleyan University
The Accuracy Of Pedometers In Measuring Walking Steps On A Treadmill In College Students, Hannah M. Husted, Tamra Llewellyn
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 146-153, 2017. Pedometers are a popular way for people to track if they have reached the recommended 10,000 daily steps. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of four brands of pedometers at measuring steps, and to determine if a relationship exists between pedometer cost and accuracy. The hypothesis was that the more expensive brands of pedometers (the Fitbit Charge™ and Omron HJ-303™) would yield more accurate step counts than less expensive brands (the SmartHealth – Walking FIT™ and Sportline™). While wearing all pedometers at once, one male and eleven …
The Effect Of High Intensity Interval Run Training On Cross Sectional Area Of The Vastus Lateralis In Untrained College Students,
2017
Taylor University
The Effect Of High Intensity Interval Run Training On Cross Sectional Area Of The Vastus Lateralis In Untrained College Students, Rebekah Estes, David Thrush, Amy Malinowski, Meredith Piacentini, Eric Salley, Cassidy Losey, Erik Hayes
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 137-145, 2017 Aerobic cycling has been repeatedly shown to induce hypertrophy in skeletal muscle across a variety of populations, while there has been a lack of investigation into the impact of running upon hypertrophy. An increasingly popular model of aerobic exercise is high-intensity interval training (HIIT); in addition to its positive impact upon cardiovascular health, HIIT may be sufficient for inducing significant muscular hypertrophy. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of a high-intensity interval running protocol upon hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis in an untrained, young population. Twelve recreationally …
Effects Of Simulated Altitude On Maximal Oxygen Uptake And Inspiratory Fitness,
2017
Indiana Wesleyan University
Effects Of Simulated Altitude On Maximal Oxygen Uptake And Inspiratory Fitness, Nicole Biggs, Benjamin England, Nicole Turcotte, Melissa R. Cook, Alyne L. Williams
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 128-136, 2017 Aerobic exercise at altitude has shown an increase in maximal oxygen uptake. Similar effects have been replicated by way of simulated altitude training, which have influenced various advances in the field of exercise science. Elevation Training Masks© (ETM) claim to stimulate cardiorespiratory fitness improvements similar to training at altitude, however, there is little research to support this claim. The purpose of this study was to research the effect that a hypoxia-inducing mask would have on cardiorespiratory fitness and pulmonary function through the use of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) running program. …
Meeting Usdhhs Physical Activity Guidelines And Health Outcomes,
2017
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Meeting Usdhhs Physical Activity Guidelines And Health Outcomes, E. Earlynn Lauer, Allen W. Jackson, Scott B. Martin, James R. Morrow Jr.
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 121-127, 2017 Current public health physical activity (PA) guidelines suggest ≥500 METmin/week of PA, with additional benefits beyond 1000 METmin/week (i.e., a dose response). Revised U.S. PA guidelines are scheduled for 2018. The purpose was to relate health markers (blood pressure, percent fat, BMI, blood glucose, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness) to verify the dose response for PA guidelines revision. 505 non-smoking participants self-reported PA behaviors and completed medical screening. MANCOVA controlling for age and gender determined the relation between health markers and PA. MANCOVA indicated significantly (P<.001) different health markers of percent fat, BMI, glucose, and treadmill time as a function of PA. Post-hoc Helmert contrasts (1] <500 METmin/week vs. ≥500 METmin/week and 2] 500 to <1000 METmin/week vs. ≥1000 METmin/week) indicated that meeting the PA guidelines was associated with better health markers and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. Effect sizes were greater for contrast 1 than for contrast 2, suggesting a plateauing effect. Revised public health guidelines should consider achievement of ≥500 METmin/week to be most important, with additional modest gain thereafter. Revised PA guidelines should stress the importance of achieving 500-1000 METmin/week.
Acute Effects Of 24-H Sleep Deprivation On Salivary Cortisol And Testosterone Concentrations And Testosterone To Cortisol Ratio Following Supplementation With Caffeine Or Placebo,
2017
Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Acute Effects Of 24-H Sleep Deprivation On Salivary Cortisol And Testosterone Concentrations And Testosterone To Cortisol Ratio Following Supplementation With Caffeine Or Placebo, Ciaran K. Mc Donald, Joss Moore, Alan Mc Intyre, Kevin Carmody, Bernard Donne
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 108-120, 2017. Caffeine has become a popular ergogenic aid amongst athletes and usage to improve athletic performance has been well documented. The effect of caffeine on anabolic and catabolic hormones in a sleep-deprived state has had little investigation to date. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential of caffeine to offset the effects, if any, of short-term sleep deprivation and exercise on an athlete’s testosterone and cortisol concentrations via salivary technique. Eleven competitive male athletes volunteered to be part of this prospective double-blinded study. Three test days were scheduled for …
The Effects Of A 10-Day Altitude Training Camp At 1828 Meters On Varsity Cross-Country Runners,
2017
Lakehead University
The Effects Of A 10-Day Altitude Training Camp At 1828 Meters On Varsity Cross-Country Runners, Sebastian R. Diebel, Ian Newhouse, David S. Thompson, Vineet Bk Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 97-107, 2017. Altitude training has been shown to alter blood lactate (BL) levels due to alterations resulting from acclimatization. This study aims to estimate the impact of altitude training on BL changes immediately following an incremental treadmill test and during recovery before and after 10-day altitude training at approximately 1828 meters. Eight varsity cross-country runners performed an incremental treadmill test (ITT), pre and post-altitude training. Resting and post-warm-up BL values were recorded. During ITT, heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and time to exhaustion were monitored. BL was also measured post-ITT at 0, 2, …
Validity Of The Bottle Buoyancy Model For Body Fat Determination,
2017
Minnesota State University - Mankato
Validity Of The Bottle Buoyancy Model For Body Fat Determination, Cherie Pettitt, Kalvin Danzl, Lauren M. Glorvigen, Cody J. Strom, Thomas A. Inkrott, Robert W. Pettitt
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 87-96, 2017. We investigated a modification of the bottle buoyancy (BB) method in comparison to single frequency, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) as a valid noninvasive method of percent body fat (%BF) determination. Twenty-eight participants (15 men, 13 women), in counterbalanced-order, completed the BB, BIA, and computerized hydrostatic densitometry (HD) methods. We elected to modify the BB method using a 12.15 L container with participants hugging the container in an upright position. Consistency measures of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), coefficient of variation (CV) and total error of measurement (TEM) are reported. Our …
Borg Scale Is Valid For Ratings Of Perceived Exertion For Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease,
2017
Kent State University
Borg Scale Is Valid For Ratings Of Perceived Exertion For Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Amanda Penko
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 76-86, 2017. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that has traditionally been treated with anti-parkinsonian medication. There is increasing evidence that exercise is beneficial to those with PD, therefore, it is necessary to validate a measure of exertion that can be implemented across exercise settings that may not have the capability to actively monitor heart rate. The aim of this project was to determine the validity of the Borg RPE scale in individuals with PD undergoing a maximal progressive cycling exercise test. Thirty-eight males and females (58.5 ± 8.1 yrs) with a clinical diagnosis …
Assessing Energy Level As A Marker Of Aerobic Exercise Readiness: A Pilot Investigation,
2017
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Assessing Energy Level As A Marker Of Aerobic Exercise Readiness: A Pilot Investigation, Kelley Strohacker, William R. Boyer, Kayla N. Smitherman, Emily Cornelius, Daniel Fazzino
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 62-75, 2017. Energy ratings have been used as a marker of exercise readiness (i.e. pre-exercise physical/mental state indicating ability to perform) within flexible nonlinear periodization (FNLP)-based resistance training interventions. However, empirical data is lacking regarding the utility of this approach for aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of pre-exercise energy level to predict affective and behavioral responses to prescribed aerobic exercise. Participants consisted of 19 women and 8 men (N=27, age=20±4 years, estimated maximal oxygen uptake=37±6). Participants performed two 30-min bouts of treadmill exercise under an imposed moderate …
The Acute Effects Of Static Stretching Compared To Dynamic Stretching With And Without An Active Warm Up On Anaerobic Performance,
2017
Wayne State University
The Acute Effects Of Static Stretching Compared To Dynamic Stretching With And Without An Active Warm Up On Anaerobic Performance, Bradley J. Kendall
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 53-61, 2017. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) has been used in many studies to determine anaerobic performance. However, there has been poor reporting of warm-up protocols and limited consistency between warm-up methods that have been used. With the WAnT being such a commonly-used test, consistency in warm-up methods is essential in order to compare results across studies. Therefore, this study was designed to compare how static stretching, dynamic stretching, and an active warm-up affect WAnT performance. Ten recreationally active participants (5 males, 5 females) with a mean (SD) age of 23.3 (0.7) volunteered for …
The Relationship Between Sports Specialization And Mental Toughness,
2017
Des Moines University
The Relationship Between Sports Specialization And Mental Toughness, Courtney Buhrow, Jacob Digmann, Jennifer J. Waldron
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 44-52, 2017. The pros and cons of early sport specialization compared to diversification have been examined in many research studies. The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the relationship between mental toughness and age of specialization in sport, and (b) differences in mental toughness based on early specialization of sport and gender. College athletes (N = 102) completed surveys about specialization and mental toughness, including MeBTough. The mean age of specialization was 13.45 (± 4.47). Results showed no significant difference in mental toughness of those who specialized early and those who did …
The Effects Of An Elevation Training Mask On Vo2max Of Male Reserve Officers Training Corps Cadets,
2017
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
The Effects Of An Elevation Training Mask On Vo2max Of Male Reserve Officers Training Corps Cadets, Brian G. Warren, Frank Spaniol, Randy Bonnette
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 37-43, 2017. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an elevation training mask (ETM) on the VO2max of male Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Fourteen male ROTC cadets (age 20.00 ± 1.8 yrs, height 174.35 cm ± 3.1 cm, weight 76.75 kg ± 11.09 kg, body fat 13.88% ± 4.62%) participated in this study to determine if an ETM would cause a significant increase VO2max. After the familiarization period, the test subjects were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group, respectively. The training period lasted seven weeks …
