Climate Change Impacts On Atmospheric Ammonia And Implications For Human Health,
2021
Utah State University
Climate Change Impacts On Atmospheric Ammonia And Implications For Human Health, Casey Olson, Connor Snow, Bridger Jorgensen
Fall Student Research Symposium 2021
According to national data Cache Valley has the highest concentrations of atmospheric ammonia in the nation. This study aims to answer the questions of whether climate variables and events such as precipitation, averaged winds, geopotential height, and teleconnections can be used to predict the behavior of pollutants and how human biology is potentially affected. Data from the Utah Climate Center shows that the 3rd yearly quartile has the highest levels of airborne ammonia due to the high levels of fertilizer use and livestock emissions in the farming industry in Cache Valley. After data analysis, there seems to be a connection …
A Method To Assess Response Inhibition During A Balance Recovery Step,
2021
Utah State University
A Method To Assess Response Inhibition During A Balance Recovery Step, Molly Rowley
Fall Student Research Symposium 2021
Background: Correlations between falls and executive function tests, particularly those tests emphasizing inhibitory control, suggests that the ability to suppress automatic, but unwanted action, is important in fall prevention. Response inhibition has been a topic of considerable interest in the cognitive neuroscience community for many decades, bringing with it, the development of techniques that could be used to inform assessment of reactive balance. Research question: Can we apply a method used in traditional cognitive testing - the stop signal task - to measure response inhibition in a speeded, balance recovery task? Methods: Twenty healthy, young adults completed a novel reactive …
Synthetic Hagfish Slime Mimetics: Mechanical Characterization,
2021
Utah State University
Synthetic Hagfish Slime Mimetics: Mechanical Characterization, Hayden Johns, Spencer Walker
Fall Student Research Symposium 2021
Hagfish are ancient animals that eject a slime when attacked by predators. The slime that the hagfish emit is almost entirely composed of water but protein strands within the slime cause the slime to have incredible strength. However, these protein strands will be formed synthetically for the purposes of our experiment. To defend against foes, the Navy launches plastic ropes into the propellers of enemy warships in order to decrease the thrust of the motors. In a push to find a more biodegradable solution, the utilization of hagfish slime has shown great promise in stopping propellers.While we know that the …
Evidence Of Myomir Regulation Of The Pentose Phosphate Pathway During Mechanical Load-Induced Hypertrophy,
2021
University of Kentucky
Evidence Of Myomir Regulation Of The Pentose Phosphate Pathway During Mechanical Load-Induced Hypertrophy, Taylor Valentino, Vandre C. Figueiredo, C. Brooks Mobley, John J. Mccarthy, Ivan J. Vechetti Jr.
Physiology Faculty Publications
Many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms discovered to regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy were first identified using the rodent synergist ablation model. This model reveals the intrinsic capability and necessary pathways of skeletal muscle growth in response to mechanical overload (MOV). Reminiscent of the rapid cellular growth observed with cancer, we hypothesized that in response to MOV, skeletal muscle would undergo metabolic programming to sustain increased demands to support hypertrophy. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the gene expression of specific metabolic pathways taken from transcriptomic microarray data of a MOV time course. We found an upregulation of genes involved …
Alterations In Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, And Oxidative Stress Following A 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study,
2021
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Alterations In Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, And Oxidative Stress Following A 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study, Joshua R. Sparks, Mark A. Sarzynski, J. Mark Davis, Peter W. Grandjean, Xuewen Wang
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1334-1353, 2021. The state of being overweight or obese leads to an increased risk of development of cardiometabolic disease. Increases in glycemic variability have been associated with greater induction of oxidative stress and declined vascular health, which may be exacerbated by higher weight status and improved through exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) assessed glucose concentrations and glycemic variability, and biomarkers of vascular health and oxidative stress in overweight or obese adults. Eight adults (Age = 48.9 ± …
Acute Changes In Arterial Function Post High-Intensity Lower Extremity Cycling,
2021
University of Southern Indiana
Acute Changes In Arterial Function Post High-Intensity Lower Extremity Cycling, Alyssa Weatherholt, William R. Vanwye, Jeffery L. Short, Alyssa A. Andreis, Guoyuan Huang
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1363-1374, 2021. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute arterial blood flow velocity of the lower extremity (LE) immediately after a bout of high-intensity LE cycling exercise. Twenty-eight healthy males (n = 14) and females (n = 14) aged 20.9 ± 1.7 years participated in this study. All subjects performed a single bout of high-intensity cycling (70% of HRR) for 45 min. The subjects' LE blood flow velocity, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured at rest, immediately post-, post-15 min., …
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve The Six Minutes Walk Test Performance In Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomised Pilot Trial,
2021
University of Quebec in Montreal
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve The Six Minutes Walk Test Performance In Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomised Pilot Trial, Sarah-Maude Martin, Francois Lalonde, Elise Legault, Paula Ribeiro, Alain Steve Comtois, François Tournoux
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1354-1362, 2021. Cycles of ischemia and reperfusion induced with a pressure cuff on a skeletal muscle, also know as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), appears to improve performance in different time-trial events in healthy individuals. Our primary goal was to assess the effect of RIPC in heart failure (HF) patients’ functional capacity using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). A randomized crossover design comparing RIPC (4 x five-minutes of upper arm ischemia) to the SHAM procedure was done in 15 patients prior to a 6MWT. The primary outcome measure was the total distance walked in a …
Genomics And Transcriptomics Landscapes Associated To Changes In Insulin Sensitivity In Response To Endurance Exercise Training,
2021
University of South Carolina - Columbia
Genomics And Transcriptomics Landscapes Associated To Changes In Insulin Sensitivity In Response To Endurance Exercise Training, Louise Y. Takeshita, Peter K. Davidsen, John M. Herbert, Philipp Antczak, Matthijs K.C. Hesslink, Patrick Schrauwen, S. John Weisnagel, Jeremy M. Robbins, Robert E. Gerszten, Sujoy Ghosh, Mark A. Sarzynski Ph.D., Faha, Facsm, Claude Bouchard, Francesco Falciani
Faculty Publications
Despite good adherence to supervised endurance exercise training (EET), some individuals experience no or little improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently not understood. By investigating genome-wide variants associated with baseline and exercise-induced changes (∆) in insulin sensitivity index (Si) in healthy volunteers, we have identified novel candidate genes whose mouse knockouts phenotypes were consistent with a causative effect on Si. An integrative analysis of functional genomic and transcriptomic profiles suggests genetic variants have an aggregate effect on baseline Si and ∆Si, focused around cholinergic …
The Interdependent Roles Of The Psychosocial Predictors Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Christian Parents Of Unvaccinated Adolescents,
2021
University of Nebraska at Omaha
The Interdependent Roles Of The Psychosocial Predictors Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Christian Parents Of Unvaccinated Adolescents, Ayokunle Olagoke, Rachel Caskey, Brenikki Floyd, Jennifer Herbert-Beirne, Andrew D. Boyd, Yamilé Molina
Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications
Despite the availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, uptake has been sub-optimal among certain religious groups. Psychosocial factors (threat appraisal, coping appraisal, and attitudes) have been identified as independent determinants of HPV vaccination. However, their interdependent effects have not been tested. We examined the interdependency of these psychosocial factors in predicting HPV vaccination intention among Christian parents of unvaccinated adolescents (using a theory-driven conceptual model). A cross-sectional study of 342 participants showed that perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.2, 0.11–0.29, p = <0.0001) and perceived response efficacy of HPV vaccine (β = 0.65, 0.53–0.77. p < .0001) were positively associated with vaccination intention. Our mediation analysis (using the Preachers and Hayes’ approach) shows that attitudes toward HPV vaccination mediated 59% of the relationship between perceived self-efficacy to vaccinate child and HPV …
Adrenocortical Attunement, Reactivity, And Potential Genetic Correlates Among Parent-Daughter Dyads From Low-Income Families,
2021
Oklahoma State University
Adrenocortical Attunement, Reactivity, And Potential Genetic Correlates Among Parent-Daughter Dyads From Low-Income Families, Jennifer Byrd-Craven, Michael M. Criss, Jessica L. Calvi, Lixian Cui, Amanda Baraldi, Amanda Sheffield Morris
Athletic Performance Research
Examining the multitude of influences on the development of adolescent stress responses, especially among low-income families, is a critical and understudied topic in the field. The current study examined cortisol attunement between adolescent girls and parents (mostly mothers) from predominantly low-income, single parent, ethnic minority families before and after an in-laboratory disagreement discussion task. The sample consisted of 118 adolescents (Mage = 13.79 years, 76.3% ethnic minorities, 23.7% European Americans) and primary caregivers (Mage = 40.62 years; Mdn yearly income = $24,000; 43.2% single parents; 50% living below poverty line). We investigated oxytocin receptor (OXTR rs53576) …
Effects Of Varying Warmup Stimuli On Running Economy,
2021
Stephen F Austin State University
Effects Of Varying Warmup Stimuli On Running Economy, Connor Bigenho
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two potentiating warm-up stimuli (weighted-vest strides and plyometrics) on running economy (RE) over short (5-10 minutes) and longer durations (30+ minutes) of exercise in trained distance runners. Methods: Five recreationally trained male runners were recruited to participate in this study. Each trial consisted of a 10-min self-paced warm-up on the treadmill followed by baseline RE test and baseline leg-stiffness. This was immediately followed by one of two intervention warmup protocols. The protocols consisted of either a series of plyometric movements, 6 x 10-sec strides with a …
How Sweet It Is: Fellowship And Continuity In A Church-Based Fall Prevention Program With African American Elders In The Northeastern United States,
2021
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
How Sweet It Is: Fellowship And Continuity In A Church-Based Fall Prevention Program With African American Elders In The Northeastern United States, Michelle L. Ramirez, Cedric H. Jones Jr., Carol Maritz, Donna Jensen
Humboldt Journal of Social Relations
Deaths from unintentional injuries are the seventh leading cause of death among older adults and falls account for the largest percentage of these deaths, with individuals aged ≥85 particularly vulnerable. Physical activity can reduce frailty and prevent falls; however, many elders are not physically active and women, ethnic minorities, and those with low education levels are the least active. Moreover, experiences of racial discrimination can lead to increased stress and unhealthy adaptive behaviors, and the cumulative effects of age and race related stressors have been shown to negatively impact the physical and mental health of elderly African Americans. Thus, participation …
International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Caffeine And Exercise Performance,
2021
University of South Carolina
International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Caffeine And Exercise Performance, Nanci S. Guest, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Michael T. Nelson, Jozo Grgic, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, Eric T. Trexler, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Erica R. Goldstein, Douglas S. Kalman, Bill I. Campbell
Faculty Publications
Following critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows:1.Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance various aspects of exercise performance in many but not all studies. Small to moderate benefits of caffeine use include, but are not limited to: muscular endurance, movement velocity and muscular strength, sprinting, jumping, and throwing performance, as well as a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic sport-specific actions.2.Aerobic endurance appears to be the form of exercise with the most consistent moderate-to-large benefits from caffeine use, although the magnitude of …
An Acute Naproxen Dose Does Not Affect Core Temperature Or Interleukin-6 During Cycling In A Hot Environment,
2021
Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 2002, Kansas City, Kansas, 66 160, USA.
An Acute Naproxen Dose Does Not Affect Core Temperature Or Interleukin-6 During Cycling In A Hot Environment, Dawn M. Emerson, Stephen Cl Chen, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee, Craig E. Pfeifer, Charles C. Emerson, J Mark Davis
Faculty Publications
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs' anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effects has led some individuals to theorize these medications may blunt core body temperature (Tc) increases during exercise. We utilized a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced cross-over design to examine the effects of a 24-h naproxen dose (3-220 mg naproxen pills) and placebo (0 mg naproxen) on Tc and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations during cycling in a hot or ambient environment. Participants ( = 11; 6 male, 5 female; age = 27.8 ± 6.5 years, weight = 79.1 ± 17.9 kg, height = 177 ± 9.5 cm) completed 4 conditions: 1) placebo and ambient (Control); …
An Investigation Of Upper Extremity Motor Impairments In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Motor Planning Vs Motor Execution,
2021
University of Texas at El Paso
An Investigation Of Upper Extremity Motor Impairments In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Motor Planning Vs Motor Execution, Patrick Anthony Cereceres
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosedwhen a child displays social and communication impairments, repetitive behaviors, and rhythmic movements like hand flapping. This disorder is unique because of the high variability of symptoms displayed between each individual who is diagnosed. Because of this, no neurological or physiological test exists to diagnose a child with ASD. Current diagnostic tests are various forms of interviews or observations which an experienced clinician must administer. While these tests have been instrumental in diagnosing children with ASD, many go undiagnosed, which can be detrimental as they transition into adulthood. Current literature indicates …
Cigarette Smoking After Aerobic Exercise: The Unfavorable Impacts On Vascular Function,
2021
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Cigarette Smoking After Aerobic Exercise: The Unfavorable Impacts On Vascular Function, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Song-Young Park
Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications
It is well-accepted that vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Although vascular dysfunction is multi-faceted, exercise is a commonly recommended prophylactic strategy to preserve vascular function. We and others have shown that exercise training can elicit beneficial effects on vascular function (e.g., blood pressure and conduit artery function) in healthy and clinical populations1-4. In fact, indices of vascular function are enhanced shortly after acute exercise5,6, suggesting that the postexercise recovery period may be a crucial component for facilitating long-term vascular adaptations7. Poor habits may be …
Absorption Kinetics Of Berberine And Dihydroberberine And Their Impact On Glycemia: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Pilot Trial,
2021
Lindenwood University
Absorption Kinetics Of Berberine And Dihydroberberine And Their Impact On Glycemia: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Pilot Trial, Jessica M. Moon, Kayla M. Ratliff, Anthony M. Hagele, Richard A. Stecker, Petey W. Mumford, Chad M. Kerksick
Faculty Scholarship
Berberine is a natural alkaloid used to improve glycemia but displays poor bioavailability and increased rates of gastrointestinal distress at higher doses. Recently, dihydroberberine has been developed to combat these challenges. This study was designed to determine the rate and extent to which berberine appeared in human plasma after oral ingestion of a 500 mg dose of berberine (B500) or 100 mg and 200 mg doses of dihydroberberine (D100 and D200). In a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion, five males (26 ± 2.6 years; 184.2 ± 11.6 cm; 91.8 ± 10.1 kg; 17.1 ± 3.5% fat) completed a four-dose supplementation protocol …
Mental Fatigue On Landing Performance,
2021
University of South Dakota
Mental Fatigue On Landing Performance, Madison Marie Gaffney
Dissertations and Theses
Mental fatigue has been shown to impair physical performance, especially for endurance-based sports. However, little research has been done regarding the impacts of mental fatigue on shorter maximal effort movements during a common sport related activity such as the depth jump. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mental fatigue on short maximal performance efforts and predisposing biomechanical variables for non-contact ACL tears during depth-jumps in 18 Division I female soccer players. Each participant completed five depth jumps, followed by a 30-minute Stroop task to induce mental fatigue, and then completed five more depth jumps. Multiple …
Physiological And Mechanical Comparisons Between Clipless And Flat Pedals,
2021
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Physiological And Mechanical Comparisons Between Clipless And Flat Pedals, Katelyn Conroy
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and mechanical comparisons between clipless and flat pedals. Participants (n=4) completed two at-home 20-minute FTP tests: using clipless and flat pedals using Zwift. The order of conditions were randomized for each participant. Participants used their personal Smart Trainers, clipless pedals, and cycling shoes while flat pedals were provided (Syun-LP, Road Bike Platform Pedals). Power, heart rate and cadence were recorded and used for analysis. All dependent variables were compared using paired t-tests. Power was significantly greater for clipless (226.7 ± 46.2 W) vs. flat (215.2 ± 41.8 W) pedals (p …
Role Of Sex Differences On Cancer Cachexia Progression And Fibrosis During Cancer Cachexia Development,
2021
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Role Of Sex Differences On Cancer Cachexia Progression And Fibrosis During Cancer Cachexia Development, Wesley Haynie
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome characterized by losses in bodymass >5% and occurs in approximately 80% of all cancer patients. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis play roles in cancer cachexia and a greater understanding of these contributing pathways to this pathology will pave the way for potential therapeutic avenues. While inflammation and fibrosis have been researched in various models of cancer cachexia, little to no studies have been performed in both sexes as most previous studies focus on males. PURPOSE The purpose of these studies is to investigate the role of fibrosis on cancer cachexia development as well as …
