Exercise Science Commons^™

Effects Of Positive Social Comparative Feedback During Practice On Motor Sequence Learning, Performance Expectancies, And Resting State Connectivity, Allison Foster Lewis

Theses and Dissertations

Positive social comparative feedback indicates to the learner that they are performing better than others. While this type feedback supports motor skill learning in some tasks, the effect of social comparative feedback on motor sequence learning remains unknown. In addition, the OPTIMAL theory predicts that positive social comparative feedback may trigger a dopaminergic response in the brain. However, no studies have utilized neuroimaging techniques to investigate this question. Therefore, the aim of these studies was to determine the effect of positive social comparative feedback on motor sequence learning, performance expectancies, and resting state connectivity of dopaminergic neural pathways.

In the …

Dérivation De Règles De Prédiction Clinique Pour Dépister Les Patients Ayant Une Lombalgie Non Aiguë Manifestant Un Succès Thérapeutique Lors D’Un Programme D’Exercice De Stabilisation Lombaire, Christian Larivière, Marie-France Coutu, Sharon M. Henry, Richard Preuss, Nicolas Roy, Khalil Rabhi

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les exercices physiques permettent de réduire la douleur et les incapacités chez les gens souffrant d’une lombalgie non aiguë (> 3-4 semaines), mais ces effets sont limités. Pour rehausser l’efficacité de ce type d’intervention, il faut déterminer quels patients répondent le mieux à chaque modalité d’exercice (arrimage patient/intervention) et pour quelles raisons (mécanismes sous-jacents). Dans la présente recherche, l’intérêt est porté à un programme d’exercices de stabilisation lombaire (PESL), une modalité active d’exercice gagnant en crédibilité et en popularité. Deux objectifs ont été poursuivis : (1) finaliser l’étape de dérivation de règles de prédiction clinique (RPC) de succès^[1] pour …

Bioelectrical Impedance Changes Of The Trunk Are Opposite The Limbs Following Acute Hydration Change, Dale R. Wagner

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in impedance and estimates of body composition variables obtained from segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMFBIA) following acute hydration change. All participants (N = 11 active adults) had SMFBIA measurements at baseline (euhydration), post-dehydration, and post-hyperhydration in an experimental repeated-measures design. Dehydration and hyperhydration trials were randomized with the opposite treatment given 24 h later. Dehydration was achieved via a heat chamber of 40 °C and 60% relative humidity. Hyperhydration was achieved by drinking lightly-salted water (30 mmol·L^-1 NaCl; 1.76 g NaCl·L^-1) within 30 min. Post-measurements were taken 30 min …

Is Body Composition Or Body Mass Index Associated With The Step Count Accuracy Of A Wearable Technology Device?, Jeffrey Montes, Richard D. Tandy, John C. Young, Szu-Ping Lee, James W. Navalta

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 3: Issue 1, Article 5, 2022. A simple way to gauge daily physical activity levels is to use a wearable technology device to count the number of steps taken during the day. However, it is unknown whether these devices return accurate step counts for persons with different body fat percentages or body mass index scores. The purpose was to determine if there is a correlation between either body fat percentages and/or body mass index values and the percent error calculated between a manual step count and values recorded by a wearable technology device. …

Estimating Cardiorespiratory Fitness Without Exercise Testing Or Physical Activity Status In Healthy Adults: Regression Model Development And Validation, Robert Sloan, Marco Visentini-Scarzanella, Susumu Sawada, Xuemei Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. Most health care settings use some type of electronic health record (EHR) system. However, many EHRs do not have CRF or physical activity data collected, thereby limiting the types of investigations and analyses that can be done.

Objective: This study aims to develop a nonexercise equation to estimate and classify CRF (in metabolic equivalent tasks) using variables commonly available in EHRs.

Methods: Participants were 42,676 healthy adults (female participants: n=9146, 21.4%) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study examined from 1974 to 2005. The nonexercise estimated CRF was …

Effects Of A 4-Week Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Intervention On Psychological And Performance Variables In Student-Athletes: A Pilot Study, Samantha R. Weber, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Eva V. Monsma, Shawn M. Arent, Toni Torres-Mcgehee

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a 4-week biofeedback intervention on coherence, psychological, and performance variables in collegiate student-athletes. METHODS: Thirteen student-athletes were randomly assigned to the intervention (one weekly biofeedback session for 4-weeks) or control group (no sessions). Data were collected at pre and post-intervention using weekly averaged coherence scores, psychological measures for depression, arousal, stress, resiliency, and performance outcome measures. RESULTS: A 3 (Time) x 4 (Week average) repeated measures ANOVA was independently conducted to examine differences between time and weekly coherence average for coherence scores. No significant differences were found for “at rest”, pre, or post-practice coherence …

The Effects Of Vitamin D Supplementation On Athletic Performance And Injury Prevention, Amani Adeeb Abushamma

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Vitamin D supplementation has numerous effects on athletic performance and plays a significant role in preventing an athlete’s risk of getting injuries. Vitamin D has an impact on numerous physiological functions such as: bone health, muscle function, inflammatory response, and immune function. An athlete’s bone and muscle health are essential for maximum performance and career success. A bone fracture due to vitamin D deficiency can delay an athlete’s training and ultimately inhibit obtaining a collegiate scholarship and/or contract. A cross sectional study found that more than half of athletic trainers did not view 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25[OH]) testing and vitamin D supplementation …

Financial Health Literacy And The Shared Decision-Making Process In Healthcare, Caitlin S. O'Mara, Justin P. Young, Zachary K. Winkelmann Phd, Lat, Atc

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Exercise On The Mental Health Of College Students In The United States, Maryam Eltomy

Kean Quest

Student mental health and well-being are a significant and growing concern on college campuses across the United States. As a result, to better meet students' mental health demands and decrease strain on existing services, the current quantitative research focused on exploring the impact of exercise on a college student’s mental health. An online survey involving Kean University students was conducted and information was primarily gathered through an online questionnaire. Approximately, 40 students were randomly selected to participate in this research study. The results of the study revealed that participants felt that consistent exercise was beneficial in helping reduce their mental …

The Effects Of Compression Garments And Extrinsic Visual Feedback On Single-Leg Balance Control, You-Jou Hung

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 3: Issue 1, Article 4, 2022. Single-leg balance control is very important in injury prevention (such as reducing the chance of falls and ankle sprains) and sport performance. Although compression garments (CGs) have been used for various purposes, it is unclear if wearing CGs can improve single-leg balance in healthy individuals. The purpose of the study was to examine if wearing CGs (pants) could enhance single-leg balance, and to compare the impact of wearing CGs on single-leg balance between conditions with and without extrinsic visual feedback. Twenty-five healthy individuals (aged 20-30 years) participated …

The Effects Of High-Intensity Functional Training (Hift) On Perceptions Of Exercise In Middle-Aged Females, Halle Brin

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

The high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity within the U.S. has become a public health crisis. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) on the perceptions and beliefs towards exercise in an inactive sample of females. METHODS: Inactive, middle-aged females (n=8) were recruited to participate in an 8-week supervised and verified intervention (2-weeks High-Intensity Interval Training (On-Ramp), followed by 6-weeks of HIFT) three days per week. Pre- and post-assessments included: body composition (percent body fat (%BF)), strength (1RM bench press (BP), 5RM deadlift (DL)), a stage-graded exercise treadmill test ( O_2max), and a …

The Effect Of Acute Caffeine Withdrawal On Exercise Performance In Habitual Caffeine Users, Timothy D. Griest

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how exercise performance is impacted by acute withdrawal from caffeine (CAF) in habitual users and if CAF ingestion will reverse the negative impact of withdrawal or have a net positive benefit. Methods: Ten recreational cyclists (age 39.1 ± 14.9 y; VO_2max 54.2 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min) who were habitual CAF consumers (394 ± 146 mg/d) completed four trials, each consisting of peak isokinetic torque testing and a 10-km time trial (TT). On each trial day, subjects consumed either 1.5 mg/kg CAF to prevent withdrawal or placebo (PLA) 8 hours before their …

The Effect Of Creatine Supplementation On Body Composition And Total Body Water Measured By Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance, Emily A. Buck

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Background: Acute fluid ingestion causes an increase in estimated body fat percentage (BF%) measurements by single frequency (SF-BIA) and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (MF-BIA). However, it is unknown if MF-BIA accurately measures total body water (TBW) and BF% after chronic fluid retention. Creatine supplementation causes fluid retention, and resultant increases in TBW and body mass. Research is needed to determine if MF-BIA is capable of detecting fluid retention secondary to creatine supplementation. Methods: 13 male and 14 female subjects (18-22 y) completed one week of creatine monohydrate or maltodextrin supplementation at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body weight. Subjects completed pre-supplementation …

The Effect Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Physical And Cognitive Performance During Load Carriage In Military Cadets, Nicholas C. Bordonie

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on physical and cognitive performance during exercise conducted under heavy pack load in military cadets. Methods: Ten college-aged males (VO_2max 56.2 ± 3.7 ml/kg/min) consumed 140mL/d of concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ; containing 12.8 mmol of dietary nitrate) or a placebo (PL; flavor, color, energy, and texture-matched with no dietary nitrate) for six days preceding an exercise trial. The trial consisted of 45 min of constant-load exercise on a treadmill at 4.83 km/h and 1.5% grade, followed immediately by a 1.6-km time-trial completed at maximal …

Does A Bout Of Acute Resistance Exercise Attenuate The Post-Prandial Lipemic Response To A High Fat Meal In 50-80 Year-Old Adults, Summer Simulcik

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Background: A single high-fat meal (HFM) is known to elevate blood lipid levels above what is normal, resulting in postprandial lipemia (PPL). Chronic hyperlipemia has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. Current physical activity (PA) guidelines recommend at least one set of 8-12 repetitions of each exercise to attenuate this risk. Adults older than 50 (OF) years (y) are at an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease compared to younger adults (YA). Aerobic exercise (AE) performed in the pre-prandial period has been observed to attenuate PPL in both OF and YA. However, …

The Impact Of High- Vs. Low-Load Resistance Training On Measures Of Muscle Activation, Strength, Body Composition, And Hormonal Markers, Marissa Laina Bello

Theses and Dissertations

Resistance training has shifted towards a high- vs low-load training approach. Heavier loads are suggested to maximally recruit motor units and optimize strength adaptations, whereas lower loads stimulate hypertrophy. However, a majority of the research has not used a true strength range when assessing load. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine and determine significant differences in strength, body composition, and hormonal markers over nine weeks of high- or low-load resistance training. Secondary purposes of the current investigation were to assess and quantify training load for resistance training using sEMG sensor-embedded compression shorts. 17 recreationally-trained males were randomized …

Effects Of Acute Exercise On True And False Memory, Hanna Watson

Honors Theses

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the role of acute exercise timing on true and false memory performance. Methods: A randomized controlled, within-subject design, was employed (N=39). The five counterbalanced visits included a control visit, vigorous-intensity exercise (80% of HHR; heart rate reserve) before encoding, vigorous exercise during encoding with no delay before encoding, vigorous exercise during encoding with a delay before encoding, and light-intensity exercise (30% of HHR) during encoding. A recognition task using the DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) paradigm was used to evaluate true and false memory performance. Results: With hit rate as the outcome, there was …

The Effects Of Acute Exercise Intensity On Retrieval-Induced Forgetting, Geoffrey Reliquias

Honors Theses

Previous research has indicated that aspects of cognitive inhibition may be enhanced after engaging in acute exercise. Notably, cognitive inhibition has been theorized as a potential mechanism for a form of active forgetting known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Given that cognitive inhibition may explain the RIF phenomenon, and is also influenced by exercise, it is plausible that acute exercise may directly influence RIF. To our knowledge, only one study has examined whether acute exercise has an effect on RIF. The findings of that study did not find a statistically significant effect for RIF; however, we believe that the rather small …

The Impact Of Sleep On Athletic Performance: A Review Of The Literature, Rylan J. Pratt

Honors Thesis

This paper reviewed the literature regarding sleep and athletic performance, specifically identifying the problem of sleep debt in student athletes, the effects of sleep debt, and what factors negatively influence sleep, along with how to improve sleep. The literature revealed that it is common for athletes to not get adequate sleep. Sleep debt can have psychomotor and physiological effects on the body, which decreases optimal athletic performance. The many factors that negatively impact sleep include high intensity training sessions, travel, sleep disturbances, caffeine and/or alcohol consumption, and pre-competition anxiety. Recommendations for athletes that are struggling to achieve adequate sleep include, …

Effects Of Acute Exercise Intensity On Behavioral Pattern Separation, Sarah Amitin

Honors Theses

Prior work has demonstrated that acute exercise can improve memory performance. Less research, however, has determined whether this beneficial effect occurs through exercise reducing the influence of related or interfering stimuli. Thus, the present experiment evaluated if acute exercise can improve memory by reducing the interference of similar or conflicting information. A mnemonic similarity task was used where participants studied pictures of a wide variety of objects. The retrieval portion of the task displayed a set of objects in which they had to identify as old (already studied), new, or similar. The list of objects in the retrieval phase had …