Food Biotechnology Commons^™

Antioxidant Activity Of Hydrolysate From Corn Glutelin By Protamex, Liu Yue, Liu Xiaolan, Zheng Xiqun, Zhou Limin

Food and Machinery

The molecular weight distribution and antioxidative activities of corn glutelin hydrolysate by Protamex during hydrolysis process, corn glutelin as raw material, were investigated. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activities was exhibited at the hydrolysis time of 120 min, with molecular weight distribution among 6 511.51~307.32 Da and peptides component 94.36%. DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power and Fe²⁺-chelating activity of hydrolysate were 58.86%, 82.64%, 37.21%, 0.236 and 29.92%, respectively.

Optimization On Technology Of Potato Yogurt, Wu Jianmin, Liu Shaojun, Shao Songlin

Food and Machinery

To reseach technology of the potato yogurt，the technology and formulation of potato yogurt inoculation of the ferment,fermentation time,temperature and other parameters were studied. The optimum technological conditions of potato yogurt were optimized.The optimum formulation was as followed: potato juice to milk 20∶70(V∶V), sugar 4%(m/V), Starter cultures 8%（V/V）, ferment time 6 h.

Study On Stability Of Rice Beverage, Guo Jieli, Lu Shengmin, Xing Jianrong, Chen Jianbing, Tu Kang

Food and Machinery

Eleven kinds of different stabilizers and emulsifiers were applied to the research on the stability of rice beverage. Among which, four kinds with better stability effect were selected and used in the orthogonal test to improve the stability of rice beverage. The results indicated that the rice beverage had the highest stability with its precipitation rate 0.87% only and without stratification occurred after 3 weeks at room temperature when the amount of pectin, xanthan gum and monoglyceride were added 0.60%, 0.165% and 0.60% respectively. In addition, xanthan gum and pectin had significant（P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively）, while monoglyceride and Span 40 did not have significant（P>0.05）effect on the stability of rice beverage. Comparatively, …

Advances In Heat And Mass Transfer Models Of Microwave Freeze-Drying, Yan Shasha, Duan Xu, Ren Guangyue, Liu Wei

Food and Machinery

Microwave freeze-drying is a rapid dehydration technique that can be applied to certain foods, particularly to seafoods, and fruits and vegetables. MFD involves much less drying time and energy consumption than conventional freeze-drying methods, and also improves product quality. The article presents the principles of microwave freeze-drying, the research progress of heat and mass transfer mathematical simulation at home and abroad, the detection technology online, and the dielectric properties of materials taken into account in the drying process simulation. After analyzing the problems, the trend of numerical simulation of freeze-drying is predicted.

A Dna Mini-Barcoding System For Authentication Of Processed Fish Products, Shadi Shokralla, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Sara M. Handy, Ian King, Mehrdad Hajibabaei

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Species substitution is a form of seafood fraud for the purpose of economic gain. DNA barcoding utilizes species-specific DNA sequence information for specimen identification. Previous work has established the usability of short DNA sequences—mini-barcodes—for identification of specimens harboring degraded DNA. This study aims at establishing a DNA mini-barcoding system for all fish species commonly used in processed fish products in North America. Six mini-barcode primer pairs targeting short (127–314 bp) fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) DNA barcode region were developed by examining over 8,000 DNA barcodes from species in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration …

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Radiation To Control Lactic Acid Bacteria In Wine Must, Brian D. Williams

All Master's Theses

The use of shortwave ultraviolet (UV_c) radiation to control lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine production was studied. A simulated wine sterilizer was built using a commercially sourced ultraviolet (UV) sterilizer commonly used in aquariums and ponds. After growing cultures in test tubes, samples of five different species of LAB were introduced into white grape juice adjusted for brix and pH to match that of wine must commonly found in the Yakima Valley American Viticultural Area. The mixture was then agitated and allowed time to evenly distribute the bacteria throughout the juice. The juice was sent through the …

Biosafety: Evaluation And Regulation Of Genetically Modified (Gm) Crops In The United States, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

This review of the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops is focused primarily on the process and progress in the United States (US). It reviews the development of the safety evaluation process from the Asilomar conference in 1975 considering issues relevant to recombinant DNA technology, to discussions between the US government, academic and industrial scientists between 1984 and 1994 when the first GM crops were being field tested and evaluated commercial release for food and feed production. International guidelines were also reviewed for consistency with the US system. The overall process includes consideration of information relating to history of …

生物安全:美国转基因作物的评价与管理, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

本篇综述侧重于介绍美国本土的转基因作物安全评价的过程和进展。回顾了安全评价程序的建 立过程,从1975年阿西洛马(Asilomar)会议上关于重组DNA技术的问题,自1984-1994年间第一例转基因作 物进行田间试验到评估作为食物和饲料商业化生产时,美国政府、学术界和产业界科学家之间的讨论。此外,一 同回顾国际上的指南与美国的系统。整体过程还要考虑人类接触基因来源和表达蛋白是否有安全的或不安全 的历史。食用蛋白安全性首要考虑因素为某些消费者是否对其过敏或者拥有转基因编码蛋白的IgE抗体,或者 转基因食品会诱发乳糜泻,同时考虑表达蛋白的潜在毒性效果和对人或动物营养的影响。在美国,该过程与国 际食品法典委员会的建议是一致的,它是基于科学的并应用合理的假设。迄今为止,没有证据证明在美国获得 批准的转基因作物危害人或动物的健康。评价要考虑遗传和环境上的变化对植物新品种产物的影响,并坚持转 基因植物食品和非转基因相似物种同样安全的评价原则。

Formation Of Lactalbumin Nanoparticles By Desolvation Method, Menglu Gao, Jozef Kokini, Luis Fernando Maldonado-Mejia

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Protein nanoparticles are ideal carriers for bioactive compounds such as nutraceuticals and drugs because they are biodegradable, less immunogenic and non-toxic and can be nanoparticulated. This study focuses on the desolvation method to form lactalbumin protein nanoparticles. Lactalbumin is soluble in water and insoluble in many organic solvents. Different solvent/non-solvent ratios are evaluated in this research project for the effect they have on the size, PDI and stability of protein nanoparticles. Different methods including sonication and centrifugation were used and compared in terms of their effectiveness to produce small nanoparticles during fabrication of the nanoparticles. Data collected including protein nanoparticles …

Feeding Alkaline Treated And Processed Crop Residue To Feedlot Cattle, Sarah Jean Peterson

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Chemical treatment and decreased particle size are methods used to improve digestibility and utilization of the available nutrients in low quality forages. Previous research has indicated that chemically treated corn residue can take the place of corn when included in finishing rations containing distillers grains. Also, decreasing particle size utilizing methods such as pelleting has been shown to improve DMI and ADG. However, limited research has been completed on use of chemical treatment and pelleting in growing and receiving rations. Also, an ideal distillers inclusion has not yet been identified when including alkaline treated stalks in finishing rations. Therefore, a …

Gmos: Are They A Regulatory Or Food Safety Issue?, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Most of the genetic diversity that has improved agricultural production throughout the history of farming was developed through natural mutations and selective breeding. However, since the early 1900s plant scientists have used chemical and radiation mutagenesis to increase genetic diversity (18). We know that the majority of mutations are harmful, and plant breeders work hard to select only those that are beneficial. This process has helped feed a growing human population, which is estimated to have been 300 million 2,000 years ago and is now more than 7 billion. However, methods used in the past to improve agricultural production are …

Understanding The Factors Affecting Microbiological Quality Of Wheat Milled Products: From Wheat Fields To Milling Operations, Luis E. Sabillón Galeas

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Although regarded as a low-risk commodity, wheat flour-based mixes have been implicated in several food safety incidents. The present thesis is a compilation of five scientific manuscripts on the effect of weather variation, milling steps and implementation of pre-milling interventions on the microbiological quality and safety of wheat and milled products. The first manuscript is a review of the microbiological quality and safety of wheat-based products. Despite the low water activity, wheat flour may harbor dormant but viable microorganisms, which could lead to safety concerns when flour is used to produce refrigerated dough products. The second manuscript illustrates the effect …

Traceability Implementation In Organic Farming: Case Study, Chamomile Tea Production, Shaima Abdelfattah Ibrahim

Theses and Dissertations

Implementing a traceability plan in an herbal production plant is a complex task. In this study an attempt to integrate food safety, quality and traceability through the different stages of the organic German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) production chain was made. First, all the current relevant international laws, regulations and standards regarding traceability, safety and quality, with emphasis on how and why they are necessary for any food production chain, were set forward. Second, physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were run throughout the different processing stages of production, for four different Chamomile batches produced over the same season using the same farming …

Debaryomyces Hansenii: A Foodborne Yeast That Produces Anti- Candida Killer Toxin, Nabaraj Banjara

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Candida yeasts are commensal members of the gastrointestinal, mucosal, oral and vaginal microbiota. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis can be found as a part of the normal human commensal flora, especially in all sections of the gastrointestinal tract. However, when the host defense system and microbiota are disturbed, Candida can become pathogenic and cause severe infection or candidiasis. Antifungal drugs used to treat candidiasis have been shown to result in treatment failures due to drug toxicity and/or development of resistance during long term antifungal therapy and, in recent years, the incidence of Candida infections has increased dramatically due to the …

Enzymatic Extraction Of High-Value Ingredients From Food Waste, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Conference papers

Food waste presents significant concerns with respect to economical, environmental and food security issues. Roughly, one-third of global food production equivalent to 1.3 billion tonnes per annum is wasted. EPA estimates that over 1 million tonnes of food waste is produced annually in Ireland. Common applications of food waste has been either direct disposal in landfill or as an animal feeds. In addition to the regulatory pressure of disposing food waste, there are significant opportunities for recovering a range of valuable compounds from food waste that could find valuable applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical sectors.

Numerous methods have …

Determination Of Master Compliance Curve For Extruded Semolina Pasta, Laura E. Emery, Martin Okos

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The dependence of the rate of relaxation of semolina pasta on moisture content and temperature and how it affects shrinkage during drying has not yet been determined. The purpose of this research was to develop an equation that relates moisture content and temperature in order to obtain a master curve for creep of the product. When found, this equation could help to optimize the drying process and increase the quality of the final pasta product. Semolina flour mixed with water and propionic acid to create a 35% wet basis product was extruded on a C.W. Brabender 2523 to obtain a …

Probiotics: Finding The Right Regulatory Balance, Diane E. Hoffmann, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Frank B. Palumbo, Jacques Ravel, Karen H. Rothenberg, Virginia Rowthorn

Faculty Scholarship

Some products marketed as drugs should be excused from Phase I trials, but safety and efficacy claims for dietary supplements should be more tightly regulated.

An Evaluation Of The Nontarget Effects Of Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis Maize On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In The Soil Ecosystem, Tanya Elizabeth Amy Cheeke

Dissertations and Theses

My dissertation research examined the effect of the cultivation of insect-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize on the soil environment with a goal of understanding how to obtain a balance between technological advancement and maintenance of a healthy soil ecosystem. Although Bt plants may help to reduce pesticide use, conferring benefits to farm workers and the environment, there are still unresolved questions about how the cultivation of Bt plants affects soil organisms. For this dissertation project, I used 14 different genotypes of Bt maize and non-Bt maize (Zea mays) to investigate the effects of transgenic Bt plants on the colonization ability, …

Kinetic Studies For The Preparation Of Probiotic Cabbage Juice: Impact On Phytochemicals And Bioactivity, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

A kinetic study for the production of probiotic cabbage juice was carried out under controlled pH and dissolved oxygen using several strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Furthermore, effect of probiotic fermentation on polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity was investigated. Results showed significant growth in Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus corresponding to 9.19, 9.47 and 10.6 log CFU/ml after 24 h of fermentation, which is satisfying criteria for a food product to be characterized as probiotic. Lactic acid (LA) was the major end product of the fermented cabbage juice attaining the concentrations of 6.97, 9.69 and 12.2 g/l …

Mutational Analysis Of Sse1 (Hsp110) Suggests An Integral Role For This Chaperone In Yeast Prion Propagation In Vivo, Ciara Moran, Gemma Kinsella, Zai-Rong Zhang, Sarah Perrett, Gary Jones

Articles

ABSTRACT The yeast Hsp110 chaperone Sse1 is a conserved protein that is a noncanonical member of the Hsp70 protein superfamily. Sse1 influences the cellular response to heat stress and has also been implicated in playing a role in the propagation of prions in yeast. Sse1 can seemingly exert its effects in vivo through direct or indirect actions by influencing the nucleotide exchange activity of canonical cytosolic Hsp70s. Using a genetic screen based on the inability to propagate the yeast [PSI+] prion, we have identified 13 new Sse1 mutants that are predicted to alter chaperone function through a variety of different …