Diagnosis Commons^™

Positron Emission Tomography In Oncology And Environmental Science, Samantha Delaney

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The last half century has played witness to the onset of molecular imaging for the clinical assessment of physiological targets. While several medical imaging modalities allow for the visualization of the functional and anatomical properties of humans and living systems, few offer accurate quantitation and the ability to detect biochemical processes with low-administered drug mass doses. This limits how physicians and scientists may diagnose and treat medical issues, such as cancer, disease, and foreign agents.

A promising alternative to extant invasive procedures and suboptimal imaging modalities to assess the nature of a biological environment is the use of positron emission …

Sdrnas Participate In The Maintenance And Onset Of Prostate Cancer, Neil Chaudhary

Poster Presentations

What is an sdRNA? Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNA that includes microRNA (miRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Fragments excised from ncRNAs are known as noncodingderived RNA (ndRNA). A certain class of ndRNAs that are derived from snoRNAs have been denoted as Small Nucleolar Derived RNAs (sdRNAs). Our lab has previously hypothesized and demonstrated that sdRNAs display regulatory functions on target genes, similar to the functions of miRNAs. sdRNAs are almost identical to microRNAs and differ mainly in their source of origin.

Our lab has shown that sdRNA-93 is frequently misexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and …

Development And Implementation Of An Evidence Based Practice Guideline Related To The Management Of Adult Angioedema, Megan Przybysz

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Angioedema (AE) is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs with a higher frequency than medical providers may expect, with the emergency department (ED) serving as the usual first point of medical contact for patients. Any hesitation in recognizing AE or inconsideration of the disease process in differential diagnoses may lead to a dangerous delay of care. Due to the potential rapid progression of airway obstruction in AE, inexperienced providers should not attempt intubation, instead deferring to providers experienced in alternative airway techniques (i.e., anesthesia providers). The primary goal of this project is to develop an evidencebased practice guideline for …

Determination Of Initial Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hbsag) Cutoff Index (Coi) Threshold For Reporting Hbsag Reactivity, Piya Wongchampa, Arkom Chaiwongkot, Rangsima Reantragoon

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: The Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) commercially-available screening test suggests a confirmatory testing in all cases that are reactive, but this will take a long time to reporting of results and increase the total test cost.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between cutoff index (COI) values of initial HBsAg screening test and their corresponding confirmatory neutralization results in order to identify a COI value for distinguishing samples that truly need confirmatory neutralization testing.

Methods: A retrospective study of 72,496 HBsAg screening test results using the Elecsys HBsAg II kit of patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red …

Decoding Implant-Related Sickness: Unraveling The Complexities Of Breast Implant Illness, Madison M. Stewart

Senior Theses

This thesis investigates the phenomenon of breast implant illness (BII), examining its potential correlation with individual factors such as obesity and poor lifestyle habits. BII, characterized by nonspecific symptoms, is often self-diagnosed by patients influenced by social media and internet sources, leading to requests for implant removal. Conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis, the study scrutinizes existing literature to evaluate the association between BII, obesity, and lifestyle choices. Employing inclusion criteria, peer-reviewed publications are analyzed through systematic review methodology to offer insights into the interplay between BII and adiposity, exploring inflammatory mechanisms and patient behaviors like exercise and smoking. The research aims …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Utilization Of Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Emri) In The Assessment Of Acute Uncomplicated Low Back Pain (Lbp) And The Subsequent Effect On Health Care Service Utilization And Patient Outcomes, Kimberly Radcliffe

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in MRI rates between Pre-COVID-19 period (Feb-April 2019) and COVID-19 period (Feb-April 2020) among commercially insured patients aged 18-60 with a diagnosis of acute LBP, and to analyze differences in patient characteristics and outcomes between the time periods. Additionally, to examine the impact of eMRI on patient outcomes and health care costs for patients in the COVID-19 period.

DESIGN/METHODS: Using IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Database (MarketScan) we performed a quantitative pre-post comparative retrospective observational study of 117,150 total patients to examine adjusted differences in patient characteristics and rates of MRIs between time periods. We analyzed 49,020 patients …

Update On The Role Of Muc13 In Pancreatic Cancer: A Promising Early Detection Biomarker, Anupam Dhasmana, Swati Dhasmana, Sheema Khan, Meena Jaggi, Murali M. Yallapu, Subhash C. Chauhan

Research Symposium

Background: With the rise in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) prevalence and mortality rate, by 2030 it will secure second position among leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Due to poor prognosis of PanCa only 11% of PanCa patients have a 5-year survival rate, resulting in an equal mortality rate and incidence rate. 85% of PanCa are Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The main clinical challenge with PanCa is poor treatment outcomes due the late diagnosis. Currently, there are traditional biomarkers panels available for diagnosis, however, these biomarkers do not have optimal sensitivity and specificity for PanCa. Considering this alarming unmet clinic need, our …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of The Passive Straight Leg Raise Test In Detecting Compression Of The Lower Lumbar Nerve Roots, Hisham Mohamed Hussein, Ehab Kamel, Mohamed Ragab, Ahmed Elerian

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Background: Lumbar nerve root compression is a pathological condition that occurs commonly in the low back pain population. Passive straight leg raise (SLR) is a clinical test widely used to confirm this pathological condition. Yet, its diagnostic accuracy needs further investigation. Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the passive SLR test in detecting compression of the lower lumbar nerve roots using magnetic resonance imaging as a reference standard. Design: This study is a prospective diagnostic-accuracy study. Methods: One hundred-and-twelve participants (82 males and 30 females) met the inclusion criteria and joined the study. Participants were recruited through direct …

A True Bloody Emergency: An Unusual Case Of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Joshua M. Ninan

Research Symposium

Background: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a primary thrombotic microangiopathy that is classically characterized by thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). Although rare with an annual incidence of 3.7 cases per one million adults, it is considered a true hematological emergency due to its fatality rate of almost 100% if appropriate treatment is not initiated immediately. This makes it vitally important to identify and treat patients with TTP, a task that becomes unusually challenging in the absence of the disorder’s other characteristically diagnostic clinical features such as mucosal bleeding, fever, or presence of schistocytes.

Case Presentation: A 30-year-old gentleman with …

A Potential Role Of Urinary P75ecd As A Biomarker For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis In An American Cohort, Swati Dhasmana, Anupam Dhasmana, Sheema Khan, Acharan S. Narula, Murali Yallapu, Subhash Chauhan

Research Symposium

Background: Neurological disorders present a unique complexity compared to other diseases, involving multiple risk factors, causes, treatments, and outcomes. These disorders often exhibit various molecular and morphological changes indicative of disruptions in cellular plasticity and resilience. The pathogenesis of many neurological disorders remains unclear, necessitating ongoing investigations. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exemplifies an idiopathic and fatal neurodegenerative disease marked by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The average life expectancy post-diagnosis is a mere 36 months, primarily attributed to respiratory muscle denervation.The persistent challenges in ALS clinical trials and the absence of effective therapeutic options have intensified interest …

A Case Of Siadh After Bowel Preparation For Routine Colonoscopy, Joseph C. Rath, Allison M. Hemmer, Kennedy A. Forest, Kahlen R. Morris, Mary E. Watson

Aesculapius Journal (Health Sciences & Medicine)

Electrolyte abnormalities, including hyponatremia, are a known outcome of bowel preparations used for colonoscopy. Severe and symptomatic hyponatremia after bowel preparation is uncommon and occurs due to excessive release of ADH among other contributing factors. Risk factors for developing hyponatremia after bowel preparation include increased age, female gender, kidney disease, heart failure, and use of various medications. We present the case of a 78-year-old female who presented with altered mental status and possible seizures after completing bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol for a colonoscopy. Serum and urine studies were consistent with SIADH. She required fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, and sodium …

Evaluation Of Nursing Approach To Assessment Of Post-Operative Respiratory Depression Using A Simulation Model, Natalia Tarasova, Usha Asirvatham, Robin D. Goetz, Mariela Riveria, Juraj Sprung, Toby N. Weingarten

Journal of Perioperative Nursing

Introduction: Assessments of post-operative patients that have been carried out by health care providers before critical opioid-induced respiratory events often do not detect respiratory depression. We hypothesise that opioidinduced respiratory patterns present during sleep may not be properly recognised as providers typically awaken patients for vital sign checks, and awake state assessment is recorded. We used a simulation manikin model to test this hypothesis.

Methods: Nurses who work on a standard post-operative hospital ward volunteered to participate in a study designed to record vital signs on an adult male manikin. None of the nurses had formal critical care or postoperative …

Correlation Enhanced Distribution Adaptation For Prediction Of Fall Risk, Ziqi Guo, Teresa Wu, Thurmon Lockhart, Rahul Soangra, Hyunsoo Yoon

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

With technological advancements in diagnostic imaging, smart sensing, and wearables, a multitude of heterogeneous sources or modalities are available to proactively monitor the health of the elderly. Due to the increasing risks of falls among older adults, an early diagnosis tool is crucial to prevent future falls. However, during the early stage of diagnosis, there is often limited or no labeled data (expert-confirmed diagnostic information) available in the target domain (new cohort) to determine the proper treatment for older adults. Instead, there are multiple related but non-identical domain data with labels from the existing cohort or different institutions. Integrating different …

Device-Assisted Enteroscopy In The Surveillance Of Intestinal Hamartomas In Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Omar Wahid Mohamed Elfeky, Suraj Panjwani, David Cave, Daniel Wild, Daniel Raines

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: PJS is an autosomal dominant, genetic disorder characterized by the formation of hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. These polyps result in significant morbidity due to adverse events including intestinal obstruction, bleeding, and malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the role of DAE in monitoring and prophylactic polypectomy within the small bowel. Methods: Electronic medical records were surveyed to identify all DAE procedures performed in patients with PJS within three U.S. referral centers between Jan 1st 2007 and January 1st 2020. Individual charts were reviewed to collect and analyze specific data points. Primary end points included …

Promises And Risks Of Applying Ai Medical Imaging To Early Detection Of Cancers, And Regulation For Ai Medical Imaging, Yiyao Zhang

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Simulated Image Acquisition Time Reduction On Image Quality And Parameters Of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using A Dedicated Cardiac Camera, Alireza Khatami

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Heart disease is the second leading cause of death in Canada, highlighting the crucial role of early diagnosis in disease management. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), is widely employed for this purpose, involves injecting a radiopharmaceutical into the body, imaging its distribution with a gamma camera, and revealing cardiac blood flow patterns. A significant challenge in MPI is the lengthy 8 to 10 minutes required for stress and rest imaging, potentially causing patient discomfort and compromising image quality due to movement. In a clinical study with 26 patients, post-processed data manipulation simulated a reduction in MPI imaging time. The findings indicated …

Classification Of Colorectal Cancer Using Resnet And Efficientnet Models, Abhishek Ranjan, Priyanshu Srivastva, B Prabadevi, R Sivakumar, Rahul Soangra, Shamala K. Subramaniam

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction:

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases from children to elderly adults. This will be deadly if not detected at an earlier stage of the cancerous cell formation, thereby increasing the mortality rate. One such cancer is colorectal cancer, caused due to abnormal growth in the rectum or colon. Early screening of colorectal cancer helps to identify these abnormal growth and can exterminate them before they turn into cancerous cells.

Aim:

Therefore, this study aims to develop a robust and efficient classification system for colorectal cancer through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on histological images.

Methods:

Despite challenges in …

Machine Learning As A Tool For Early Detection: A Focus On Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer Across Socioeconomic Spectrums, Hadiza Galadima, Rexford Anson-Dwamena, Ashley Johnson, Ghalib Bello, Georges Adunlin, James Blando

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of various machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses against the backdrop of socio-economic and regional healthcare disparities. Methods: An innovative theoretical framework was developed to integrate individual- and census tract-level social determinants of health (SDOH) with sociodemographic factors. A comparative analysis of the ML models was conducted using key performance metrics such as AUC-ROC to evaluate their predictive accuracy. Spatio-temporal analysis was used to identify disparities in late-stage CRC diagnosis probabilities. Results: Gradient boosting emerged as the superior model, with the top predictors for late-stage CRC diagnosis being anatomic site, …

Diagnostic Methods And Treatment Options For Bowel And Abdominal Endometriosis, Micayla Wiseman-Fisher

Capstone Showcase

While much is known about the disease process and etiology of endometriosis, it becomes infinitely more complicated if tissue dispersion progresses throughout the abdomen to infiltrate the bowel and abdominal wall. Patients with extrapelvic endometriosis present with nontraditional symptoms, making it difficult to identify and diagnose. This article synthesizes the most current information on the diagnosis and management of bowel endometriosis for providers, to help identify these symptoms, describe the most sensitive diagnostic tools, and educate on up-to-date treatments, including medical management, surgical resection, and high-frequency ultrasound ablation.

Association Of Maternal Prenatal Copper Concentration With Gestational Duration And Preterm Birth: A Multicountry Meta-Analysis Author Links Open Overlay Panel., Nagendra Monangi, Huan Xu, Yue-Mei Fan, Rasheeda Khanam, Waqasuddin Khan, Saikat Deb, Jesmin Pervin, Joan Price, Lovejeet Kaur, R. Ochieng

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Copper (Cu), an essential trace mineral regulating multiple actions of inflammation and oxidative stress, has been implicated in risk for preterm birth (PTB).

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association of maternal Cu concentration during pregnancy with PTB risk and gestational duration in a large multicohort study including diverse populations.

Methods: Maternal plasma or serum samples of 10,449 singleton live births were obtained from 18 geographically diverse study cohorts. Maternal Cu concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The associations of maternal Cu with PTB and gestational duration were analyzed using …