Sports Studies Commons^™

The Role Of Appearance In Perceptions Of Personal Trainers 2013., Patrick R. Boerner

Master's Theses

The field of personal training in the United States is believed to have begun in the late 1970‟s and the early 1980‟s (Brooks, 2004). Today, personal training is a healthy profession that, according to the United States Department of Labor and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), is expected to grow 24% (60,400 jobs) between 2010 and 2020. In comparison, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012) predicts the average growth rate for all occupations within the U.S. to be only 14% during the same ten-year span. Rapid growth within the field of personal training has brought an increased scrutiny on …

Development Of The Cultural Appreciation Of Martial Arts Scale, John Roderick Malmo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid Social sciences instrument designed to measure the construct of Cultural Appreciation of Martial Arts. Data were collected from 114 adult martial arts participants. Study participants represented Taekwondo schools located in Arkansas and Filipino martial arts schools located in Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Development of the instrument involved the use of an expert panel, a Q-sort, test-retest reliability test, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Cronbach's alpha.

The study resulted in a 20-item, 3-factor scale that measures Cultural Knowledge, Cultural Sensitivity, and Cultural Awareness and is named the Cultural Appreciation …

Toughness Predicts Performance In College Football, Joseph B. Rigoni

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A premium college football player is estimated to generate over $1 million for his program, so optimal player assessment and selection are paramount. Lean body mass, back squat, and vertical jump have been the most predictive physical test scores, but such metrics typically account for less than 10% of variance in football performance. NFL scouts have tended to rely on vertical jump, 40-yard dash, and 20-yard shuttle scores, but interestingly, reliance on none of the physical tests conducted at the NFL Combine was predictive of team success; in fact, teams that relied on fewer total physical test scores tended to …

A Profile Of The Characteristics And Professional Development Needs Of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division Ii Athletic Directors, Dustin Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose for conducting the study was to identify the personal, professional, and educational backgrounds of NCAA Division II athletic directors. The study was designed to detail the professional development opportunities that existed among the population, and determine how frequently the NCAA Division II athletic directors took advantage of the opportunities that were available to them. The significance of the study rested on the ability to identify the NCAA Division II athletic director population and describe the qualities and characteristics that comprised the target population. Since little data existed detailing this population, the study provided an opportunity to describe a …

Predicting Chest Press Strength From A 4rm Triceps Brachii Exercise In Trained Women, Krystina Nadia Moschella

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Determining maximal strength is important when developing a resistance exercise program for trained athletes. The most frequent strength procedure used to evaluate maximum strength is the 1RM test. However, risk of injury from a 1RM test increases for the athletes, therefore a 4RM test is used in the following study. The purpose of the study is to test whether there is a linear relationship between the bench press and the triceps rope extension exercise. A secondary purpose is the development of a prediction equation for the purpose of prescribing bench press exercise loads from triceps brachii loads using a 4RM …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 52, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Harrison, Taylor. Regents OK Land Purchase, Discuss Council on Postsecondary Education’s Tuition Decision
• Pratt, Elliott. Three WKU Players Sign with NFL Teams – Quanterus Smith, Jack Doyle, Adam Smith
• French, Jackson. Phase One of Downing University Center Renovations to be Complete by the Fall Semester
• Reinfelde, Monta. Dress for Success – Fashion
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon Student Not Allowed to Carry Flag
• WKU Should Open Its Arms Wider to International Heritage – Commencement
• People Poll: Do You Think International Students Are Well Represented at WKU?
• WKU Celebrates Sustainability on …

Actual Vs. Perceived Value Of Players Of The National Basketball Association, Stephen Righini

Honors Projects in Mathematics

Over the past few decades the media has played an increasingly large role in shaping how player effectiveness in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is perceived. Several factors have caused fans, announcers, and even NBA team management to have unintentional bias toward certain players. This study aims to utilize various formulas created by NBA statisticians, called Player Raters, to identify how efficient each NBA player actually is in comparison to the rest of the league. Data from the past 12 seasons was compiled and six Player Raters were used to place values on every NBA player since the 2000-2001 season. …

Level Of Cooperativeness And Competitiveness In Relation To Sports Choice In Children, Rachel Choinski

Honors Projects in Applied Psychology

The topic which I have chosen for my senior capstone project is in the psychology field and involves children’s personalities, in particular the level of cooperativeness and competitiveness, and their sports preferences. The literature research covered the child’s skill level, mainly motor skills which the children possess, competitive and cooperative sports categories as well as family influence, each which have an effect on this study. The five hypotheses which are being examined are: competitive children will prefer the competitive sports over the cooperative ones, cooperative children will prefer cooperative sports, level of competitiveness and cooperativeness will have an effect on …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 51, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Boyd, Kayla. Y Is for Yuck – WKU Farm, Agriculture
• Matchen, Quiche. Earth Day Festival to Encourage Being Green – Sustainability, GreenToppers
• Holloway, Kaely. Chinese Tea Ceremony Brings Culture to Campus – Chinese Club
• Grogg, Mitchell. Students Give Blood During Greek Week – Blood Drives
• Pait, Ryan. Veep is Parks & Recreation Painted Black – Television
• Hunley, Tom. WKU Needs to Prioritize – Construction, Tuition
• Stukenborg, Sarah. Rejection Against Annual Increase Sets Precedent for Future Automatic Fees – Student Government Association
• Prochazka, Tyler. Students Build Structures Out of Canned …

Who Is The American League Mvp On A Per Dollar Basis?, Patrick Decker

Honors Projects in Mathematics

This study will look at the value of MLB players in the American League on a per dollar basis. It will be based on the 2011 statistics and will use a linear regression model to create a value for each player. The value will be based on a variety of statistics based upon position. For all players: age, team wins, and years in the league will be accounted for. For field players: games played, hits, runs, doubles, triples, home runs, runs batted in, walks, strike outs, stolen bases, on base percentage, slugging percentage, fielding percentage and errors will be accounted …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 50, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Parker, Jacob. Greek Week Begins with Spring Sing – Fraternities and Sororities
• Harrison, Taylor. Board of Regents to Discuss Council of Postsecondary Education’s 3 Percent Cap on Tuition Increases
• Koch, Cameron. Faculty, Administration Disappointed Over Tuition Decision – Budget
• French, Jackson. Big Red Bikes Gets State Grant for Expansion
• French, Jackson. Gary Ransdell’s Office Could Potentially Move to Old Alumni Center – Craig Alumni Center
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon Big Red Shopping for Tuition Rates
• Some Students Might Unfairly Shoulder the Budget Burden – Tuition
• People Poll: Do You …

Ua12/2/1 Best Of The Hill Winner's Book 2013, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Special award edition of the College Heights Herald for best restaurants, businesses and housing in Bowling Green.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 49, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Harrison, Taylor. 5 Percent Increase Denied – Tuition
• Koch, Cameron & Taylor Harrison. WKU Reacts to the Boston Bombings – Boston Marathon Bombing
• Boyd, Kayla. X Marks the Spot: Students Find Favorite Places Around Town – Sterling Franklin, Chad Cown
• Massa, James. Smokers: Pick Up Your Butts – Tobacco
• Boyd, Kara. Students Prepare for Fourth Annual Rip the Runway Show – Fashion, Black Student Alliance
• Holloway, Kaely. WKU to Offer Opportunities to Serve During National Volunteer Week
• Greek Week 2013 Schedule
• Lanter, Austin. WKU Heads to South Alabama with …

Interactive Video Gaming: Do We Feel Like We Are Exercising?, Antonio Santo, Shaelee Allen, Janet Dufek, Paul Hafen, Michael Jarrett, Krystina Moschella, Robert Rietjens, James Navalta, Richard Tandy, Jacob E. Barkley

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and hedonics (liking or enjoyment) changed during 30 contiguous minutes of playing select, interactive video games on the Nintendo Wii system. A secondary purpose was to determine if RPE and liking differed among games.These data suggest that individuals do perceive difference in the amount of work they are performing during extended play of the same game or among sedentary and physically interactive games. Additionally, liking was similar during extended game play and among games suggesting that the physical interaction with the game may be …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 48, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Grogg, Mitchell. Alumni Celebrate the Opening of the Augenstein Alumni Center
• Holloway, Kaely. LifeSkills Run for Autism Exercises Awareness – Kelly Autism Program
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon Construction List
• New Alumni Center Might Benefit More Than Just Alumni
• People Poll: What Do You Think About the New Augenstein Alumni Center?
• Honeycutt, Josh. Student’s Hunting Skills Take Him to New Heights – Clayton Solise, Relive Outdoors
• French, Jackson. Annual Campus Safety Walk Helps Bring More Lights to WKU
• Matchen, Quiche. Rapper Wale Brings Hip-Hop to WKU Again – Concerts
• Marnon, …

Ua80/1 Meeting Minutes, W Club

University Organizations

Meeting agenda, minutes and treasurer's report for April 2013 meeting of the W Club Board of Directors.

Building A Taxonomy Of Player Types And The Effects On The Self And Interaction Between Players, Kyle Yim

Graduate Research Symposium (2010 - 2017)

This paper conducted a literature review of current research examining fantasy football participants. Fantasy football has become popular in recent years due the attention from the media, most notably sports shows providing more coverage of fantasy football. Theories that have examined fantasy football include gambling theory, and uses and gratifications. Motivational types also provide categories to describe players. Additionally this theory also provides a method to measure these players called the Motivational Scale for Fantasy Football Participation (MSFFP). Thus the purpose of this paper is twofold: to explore the literature in fantasy sports; propose to build taxonomical categories for serious …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 47, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Harrison, Taylor, Anna Anderson & Sarah Stukenborg. Student Government Association Drama Settled – Elections, Keyana Boka
• Geiman, Liz. Club Members Learn the Benefits of Beekeeping – Big Red Beekeepers, Agriculture
• Koch, Cameron. WKU Police Department Makes Emergency Plan in Case of a Shooter on Campus
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon Howard Bailey’s Vote Outweighs All Student Votes
• Administration Shouldn’t Have Spoken for Student Body – Student Government Association
• Scott, Suzanne. Student Government Association Not True Representation of Federal Government
• Prochazka, Tyler. Augenstein Alumni Center Grand Opening Today
• Grogg, Mitchell. Students …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 46, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Harrison, Taylor. Provost Gordon Emslie Is In Running for Same Position at University of Alabama
• French, Jackson. Six-Year Building Wish List Calls for 75 Projects Costing More than $673 Million
• Anderson, Anna. Up All Night – Up ‘til Dawn, St. Jude Children’s Hospital, Charities
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon Winter Term Snowman
• Winter Break Isn’t to Blame for Low Retention Rates
• People Poll: Do You Support a Shortened Winter Break?
• Young, Kreable. Taking Care of Ginna Greer – Best Buddies, Handicapped Persons
• Grogg, Mitchell. Groups Surrender Touches of a Real …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 45, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Matchen, Quiche. The Problem with Gas – Economy
• Stukenborg, Sarah. New Student Government Association Officers Planning for Fall
• Crumbie, Trey. V Is for Volley – Tennis
• Dassow, Amy. Students Engage in Feminist Issues On & Off Campus – Abortion, Pro-Life Movement
• Conniff, Ben. Holy Motors A Perplexing Masterwork – Movies
• Holloway, Kaely. Community College Transfer Students Recommend Money Saving Method
• Marnon, Christian. New Hardin Planetarium Show Explores a Rover on Mars
• Goodan, Allison. Bad to the Bottle – Wine
• Grogg, Mitchell. Upcoming Festival at WKU to Show French Films …

The Inequality Of Sport: Women < Men, Valarie Hanson

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

It has been 30 years since Title IX legislation granted women equal playing time, but the male-dominated world of sports journalism has yet to catch up with the law. Coverage of women's sports lags far behind men's and focuses on female athletes' femininity and sexuality over their achievements on the court and field. While female athleticism challenges gender norms, women athletes continue to be depicted in traditional roles that reaffirm their femininity - as wives and mothers or sex objects. By comparison, male athletes are framed according …

Assessing Major League Soccer's Efficiency, Christopher Maxwell

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

Since the North American Soccer League dissolved in 1984, there was no longer a prominent professional soccer league in North America until Major League Soccer was founded in 1996. Previous research on MLS efficiency was last recorded after the 2000 season, leaving a ten-year gap. This research revisits MLS efficiency for the 2010 season through a formula based on percentages against averages of each team for all tested elements. The factors used to compute efficiency are absolute attendance, television viewership, points awarded, and total team salary. Efficiency scores are then further analyzed for anomalies. In contrast to previous research, the …

Hope Is Round And Leather: Football Unifies A Strife-Torn Haiti, Matthew Guinto

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

In strife-torn Caribbean nations such as Haiti, hope is hard to come by. Poverty and political conflicts throughout its history too often overshadow the islands' stunning beauty and color. In these warm-climate islands that cry out for structure, only sport responds. In the Caribbean, the calendar year isn't split by the season's winter, spring, fall and summer, but "into cricket season and football season" (Hislop qtd. in Ferguson vii). Football, the proper and logical term for what America calls soccer, provides an opportunity that is often sought …

The Economic Impact Of Sport, Jake Conway, Christine Isselhard, Emily Urbanski

The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper.

Imagine being a tax payer whose hard earned tax dollars are supporting the construction of a multimillion dollar sports facility, under the impression that these dollars will supposedly benefit the local economy. Then, after a few years of the team's presence in the community, there is no major capital return after being told numerous times by local officials that there would be. On top of seeing no economic increase, all the employment opportunity that was also promised only appears to be minimal. Although the introduction of a …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 88, No. 44, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Aulbach, Lucas. WKU to Move to Conference USA – Athletics
• Koch, Cameron. Decreased Spring Enrollment Puts $880,000 Hole in WKU’s Budget
• French, Jackson. Give It All to Change A Life – St. Baldrick, Omega Phi Alpha
• Stukenborg, Sarah. Student Government Association Vice Presidential Candidates Debate
• Vogt, Darren. Editorial Cartoon Spring Sports Ignored
• Fans Have An Angsty Relationship with Spring Sports
• Garland, Hannah. Keyana Boka Is Best Choice in Student Government Association Presidential Election
• People Poll: What Sporting Events Do You Attend at WKU?
• Stukenborg, Sarah. Student Government Association Works …

Moxley, Frank Otha, 1908-2004 (Sc 950), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 950. Letter, 17 March 1959, written by Bowling Green, Kentucky's High Street High School basketball coach Frank Otha Moxley to his basketball players as they prepared for their participation in the state basketball tournament, where they could become the first African-American team to win the state championship.

Special Meeting, Wku Board Of Regents

Board of Regents Documents

Special meeting to approve the withdrawal from the Sun Belt Conference and enter Conference USA.

Amateurism In An Age Of Professionalism: An Empirical Examination Of An Irish Sporting Culture: The Gaa, Ian Keller, Angela Wright

Dept. of Organisation & Professional Development Publications

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) has been synonymous with the sporting tradition of Ireland since 1884, and the links it has developed with the parishes and communities of Ireland have been based on the organization’s ethos of volunteerism and amateurism in Gaelic games. Modern Ireland has brought with it many challenges for the GAA, especially in relation to internal and external issues. The dynamic of sport in Ireland has changed with the introduction of professionalism in soccer and rugby, and this has caused the validity of the amateur status of the Gaelic Athletic Association to be questioned. The development of …

American Beisbol: How Cultural Differences Help Explain Different Approaches To Game Playing, Derek Jackson

Masters Theses

The purpose of this thesis project is to examine the effect of culturally derived game strategies on the success level of players in the game of baseball. Specifically, I look at both the influence of how various Latin American cultures teach the game in order to better ensure success of players at the MLB level versus how the game is taught in the United States and Japan. In this way I develop a feedback model in which these game strategies perpetuate a cycle of enculturation that further reinforces cultural/ethnic identities. In order to accomplish this goal I look at the …

Social Media Marketing: How Social Media Has Impacted The Gender Differences That Exist Amongst Sports Fans, And Its Effect Of Marketers, Timothy French

Professional Projects

This professional research study accessed the current relationship between season ticket holders of Marquette University men’s college basketball team and usage of social media. A survey was created based on a modification of the Sport Spectator Identification Scale (or SSIS) as well as the Sport Fandom Questionnaire (or SFQ), and included specific questions related to the individual’s demographics, social media usage, and experience attending collegiate basketball games. Despite the fact that females are continuing to have an increasing presence in the vast world of sports, marketers and organizations continue to place a strong focus on the needs, interests, and desires …