Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education (6802)
- Arts and Humanities (5883)
- Communication (5647)
- Journalism Studies (5282)
- Mass Communication (4613)
-
- Educational Administration and Supervision (4235)
- Higher Education Administration (4218)
- Sociology (4070)
- Public Relations and Advertising (3727)
- History (3281)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (2904)
- African American Studies (2871)
- Business (2778)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (2418)
- Social History (2209)
- Race and Ethnicity (2151)
- Sports Management (1888)
- Health and Physical Education (1866)
- United States History (1524)
- Sports Sciences (1512)
- Life Sciences (1234)
- Social Influence and Political Communication (1190)
- Kinesiology (1130)
- Exercise Science (986)
- Public Health (904)
- Cultural History (842)
- Other History (823)
- Women's History (739)
- Institution
-
- Western Kentucky University (5138)
- University of Central Florida (830)
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport (680)
- Boise State University (660)
- Bowling Green State University (371)
-
- Lindenwood University (209)
- Ursinus College (206)
- Indiana State University (174)
- Otterbein University (151)
- Winona State University (114)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (103)
- Old Dominion University (98)
- Eastern Illinois University (95)
- University of the Pacific (90)
- University of South Carolina (81)
- Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan (74)
- Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (68)
- University of Northern Iowa (67)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (61)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (58)
- Smith College (57)
- West Virginia University (55)
- Sacred Heart University (50)
- University of Mississippi (50)
- SUNY College Cortland (49)
- Edith Cowan University (47)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (45)
- Association of Arab Universities (44)
- The University of San Francisco (43)
- Gettysburg College (41)
- Keyword
-
- Western Kentucky University (4792)
- Athletics (2278)
- African Americans (1863)
- Blacks (1836)
- Athletics (WKU) (1712)
-
- Alumni (1508)
- Events (1471)
- Faculty (1445)
- Staff (1300)
- Fraternities & Sororities (1080)
- Student Government Association (WKU) (1065)
- Student Organizations (396)
- Football (393)
- Entertainment (371)
- Students (323)
- Basketball (319)
- Student Government Association (299)
- Clubs (278)
- Baseball (252)
- Class of 1989 (WKU) (243)
- Class of 2014 (WKU) (243)
- Class of 1988 (WKU) (241)
- Class of 1977 (240)
- Class of 2004 (WKU) (240)
- Class of 2005 (WKU) (240)
- Class of 1987 (WKU) (239)
- Class of 1990 (WKU) (237)
- Class of 1976 (235)
- Class of 2003 (WKU) (235)
- Class of 1991 (WKU) (234)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- WKU Administration Documents (4728)
- On Sport and Society (805)
- Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity (680)
- International Journal of Physical Activity and Health (657)
- Football Programs (228)
-
- International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education (193)
- Intercollegiate Athletics (168)
- Masters Theses (137)
- WKU Archives Collection Inventories (129)
- Historic Baseball Books (122)
- University Organizations (107)
- Ursinus College Football Programs (107)
- Journal of Athlete Development and Experience (91)
- Eleanor Frost Snell Programs, Correspondence and Other Documents (81)
- University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations (75)
- Eurasian Journal of Sport Science (72)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (69)
- Jurnal Keolahragaan (68)
- Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics (67)
- Master's Theses (61)
- Athletics Schedules (58)
- Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications (57)
- Dissertations and Theses @ UNI (47)
- Masters Theses & Specialist Projects (47)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (46)
- Student/Alumni Personal Papers (42)
- Global Sport Business Journal (38)
- North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Programs (38)
- Football Videos (36)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (35)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 121 - 150 of 11473
Full-Text Articles in Sports Studies
Six-Week Time-Restricted Eating Lowers Premature Mortality Risk In Overweight Early Elderly Adults: Evidence From A Body Shape Index, Przemysław Domaszewski, Mariusz Konieczny
Six-Week Time-Restricted Eating Lowers Premature Mortality Risk In Overweight Early Elderly Adults: Evidence From A Body Shape Index, Przemysław Domaszewski, Mariusz Konieczny
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Background: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is an anthropometric indicator combining waist circumference, weight, and height, providing a BMI-independent measure of central obesity and a recognized predictor of mortality. Despite its relevance, research on ABSI in early elderly populations remains limited. This study assessed the impact of a six-week time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention on ABSI z-scores in overweight adults aged 65–74, with attention to gender differences. Materials and Methods: A total of 116 participants were randomized into a TRE group (16:8 fasting window from 8:00 PM to 12:00 PM) or a control group maintaining habitual eating. ABSI z-scores were evaluated …
Reproducing Advantage: Inequality In Ncaa Leadership Programming, Jessica K. Brougham, Elizabeth A. Taylor
Reproducing Advantage: Inequality In Ncaa Leadership Programming, Jessica K. Brougham, Elizabeth A. Taylor
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
Leadership programming in NCAA Division I athletics is designed to support holistic athlete development, including career readiness, financial literacy, and personal growth. However, participation in selective initiatives like the Student-Athlete Advisory Committee (SAAC) is often limited, raising concerns about equality and access. Through the theory of social reproduction, our study examines how these programs reflet and reinforce structural inequalities. Interviews with athletic staff reveal selection procedures (or lack thereof) privilege athletes who already possess social and cultural capital and therefore reproduce existing hierarchies rather than serve as a developmental tool. The findings highlight the importance of transparent selection criteria, intentional …
Ncaa’S Mental Health Best Practices Still Need Coaching: Perceptions Of Division I Student-Athletes On Strategies And Support Offered By Their Universities, Christopher C. Boyer, Jason Bocarro, Corey Johnson, Austin Thompson-Spain, Lulu Black
Ncaa’S Mental Health Best Practices Still Need Coaching: Perceptions Of Division I Student-Athletes On Strategies And Support Offered By Their Universities, Christopher C. Boyer, Jason Bocarro, Corey Johnson, Austin Thompson-Spain, Lulu Black
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
The NCAA has recognized the growing mental health crisis among student-athletes over the last decade and responded by publishing best practices, passing related legislation, and conducting surveys with student-athletes and coaches regarding mental health. This qualitative study explored the perceptions and insights of 22 Division I student-athletes on current strategies and resources designed to provide the best mental health support to them, along with what they perceive as the barriers or resource deficiencies related to seeking help. This applied research was done in the context of the best practices outlined in the NCAA’s Interassociation Consensus Document: Mental Health Best Practices, …
Game Without A Voice: College Athletes’ Symbolic Participation In Institutional Decisions, Eric G. Kramer, Karina Jolly, Chris Corr, Sarah Stokowski
Game Without A Voice: College Athletes’ Symbolic Participation In Institutional Decisions, Eric G. Kramer, Karina Jolly, Chris Corr, Sarah Stokowski
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
This study examined decision-making by student-athlete advisory committee (SAAC) members within a hegemonic characterization of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Findings revealed that athletes prioritized decisions with tangible, immediate impact – such as mental and physical health and peer support – over broader systemic issues like NCAA legislation. While athletes actively participated in select areas, their perceived influence remained low, particularly within athletic department policy decisions, where findings indicated the greatest gap between participation and desired influence. Such findings reflect a systemic power imbalance that limits athlete agency, reinforced by fears of retribution and structural exclusion from meaningful governance. …
Changes In 25(Oh)D Concentration, Bone Resorption Markers And Physical Performance Due To Sun Exposure, Diet And Training Load Among Professional Women Handball Players During The Half-Year Training Season, Sorin Dacian Buhas, Zbigniew Jastrzębski, Paul Florian Dragos, Marius Alin Marinau, Maria Skalska, Mirela Stef, Joanna Jastrzębska, Mihai Sandra, Dana Ioana Cristea
Changes In 25(Oh)D Concentration, Bone Resorption Markers And Physical Performance Due To Sun Exposure, Diet And Training Load Among Professional Women Handball Players During The Half-Year Training Season, Sorin Dacian Buhas, Zbigniew Jastrzębski, Paul Florian Dragos, Marius Alin Marinau, Maria Skalska, Mirela Stef, Joanna Jastrzębska, Mihai Sandra, Dana Ioana Cristea
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Background: The aim of the study was to demonstrate changes in 25(OH)D concentration, bone resorption indicators and physical fitness in female handball players as a result of their exposure to the sun, diet and exercise load during the six-month training period from mid-March to mid-September, i.e. the time when the sun exposure is the highest during the calendar year. Twenty-two women handball players participated in the study. Due to the random occurrences and exclusion criteria, 20 players completed the project. Biochemical analysis of blood, aerobic capacity, running speed and power tests (Wingate test, squat jump, counter movement jump, etc.) was …
Out In The Arena: Examining The Lgbtq+ Experience In Ihsa, Katharine C. Didier
Out In The Arena: Examining The Lgbtq+ Experience In Ihsa, Katharine C. Didier
Honors College Theses
This study investigated factors influencing Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA) LGBTQ+ riders’ perceptions of inclusion, safety, and belonging, with the hypothesis that teams with diversity and inclusion policies would be perceived as more accepting. An online survey was developed to gather information from self-identified LGBTQ+ IHSA students. Questions covered demographics, team environment, and perceived inclusivity within their equestrian programs. Question types included multiple choice, Likert-type, short answer, and open-ended. IHSA coaches were asked to share the survey link with team members. Students were able to respond anonymously. The survey was open for 8 weeks. Reminders were sent out at 3 …
Flowers Hall Annex Construction Begins At University Of N. Alabama, East Lauderdale News
Flowers Hall Annex Construction Begins At University Of N. Alabama, East Lauderdale News
Documents
Groundbreaking on the new Flowers Hall Annex in 1983
Flowers Fought Long And Hard For Athletics, Ronald Thomas
Flowers Fought Long And Hard For Athletics, Ronald Thomas
Documents
News article from The Flor-Ala on Eddie Flowers and Flowers Hall
Florence S.T.C. Building Starts, Birmingham News
Florence S.T.C. Building Starts, Birmingham News
Documents
Student health at Florence State Teachers College to be enhanced with new gymnasium for the school
Media Center Gets New Studio, Name, Timesdaily
Media Center Gets New Studio, Name, Timesdaily
Documents
New Media Center and grand opening for the new Communications Building (former Gymnasium) in 1988
Una Announces Open House For New Facilities, East Lauderdale News
Una Announces Open House For New Facilities, East Lauderdale News
Documents
The official open house for Flowers Annex Hall and the expanded and updated Collier Library in 1984
Health, Physical Education Program At College Will Be Aided By New Gym And Pool, The Florence Times
Health, Physical Education Program At College Will Be Aided By New Gym And Pool, The Florence Times
Documents
Construction of new Gymnasium and Pool at Florence State Teachers College
Book Review - Applied Ethics For Sport Managers, Sydney Loutit
Book Review - Applied Ethics For Sport Managers, Sydney Loutit
Global Sport Business Journal
This book review examines Applied Ethics for Sport Managers, Second Edition by Kadance Otto, which introduces ethical frameworks and their application within the sport industry. The text emphasizes fairness, integrity, and responsibility as core elements of sport organizations while providing accessible explanations and applied learning tools. Particular attention is given to pedagogical features that encourage critical thinking about ethical dilemmas. Overall, the book is positioned as a valuable resource for sport management students, early-career professionals, and emerging sport leaders.
Book Review - Soccer, Globalization, And Innovation, Sangchul Park
Book Review - Soccer, Globalization, And Innovation, Sangchul Park
Global Sport Business Journal
This review examines Soccer, Globalization, and Innovation: The Beautiful Game in the 21st Century, an edited book that explores soccer as a key site where globalization and innovation intersect. This book conceptualizes innovation across multiple domains, including gameplay, sport business, and social and political initiatives. Simultaneously, this book emphasizes the interconnected and contested nature of global processes. Drawing on various actual cases, this book presents and highlights how power relations, stakeholder dynamics, and technological changes shape outcomes in global soccer. The current review evaluates the book’s conceptual framework, organization, and practical relevance. In doing so, this review notes the strengths …
Book Review - Olympic Outliers: Brisbane 2032 And The Future Of The Olympic Games, Robert Sroka
Book Review - Olympic Outliers: Brisbane 2032 And The Future Of The Olympic Games, Robert Sroka
Global Sport Business Journal
This book review examines Olympic Outliers: Brisbane 2032 and the Future of the Olympic Games by Peter English, a multidisciplinary analysis of Brisbane's appointment as host of the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The book argues that Brisbane's selection as a mid-sized, regionally focused outlier host reflects a turning point in the Olympic Movement driven by IOC governance reform, shifting geopolitics, and a scarcity of competing megacity bids. Evaluated across four chapters addressing bidding history, legacy planning, media framing, and broader implications for future host selection, the book demonstrates considerable scholarly and practical value. Drawing on robust primary and secondary …
2026 Gsba Conference Abstracts
2026 Gsba Conference Abstracts
Global Sport Business Journal
Conference abstracts from the 2026 GSBA Conference "Ideas in Motion"
Book Review - Inventing For Sports, Ryan Rodenberg, Vito Tonejc
Book Review - Inventing For Sports, Ryan Rodenberg, Vito Tonejc
Global Sport Business Journal
The editors of Inventing for Sports—Eric S. Hintz & Arthur A. Daemmrich—have successfully connected sports with advances in technology, science, and medicine via the inventions making athletic pursuits better and more accessible. Hintz and Daemmrich have also provided great lessons in entrepreneurship, with a bundle of case studies covering inventions such as sports drinks, oversized tennis racquets, and streamlined swimwear. The editors detail how people came up with inventions while trying to solve a particular problem or challenge in their sport of choice. Throughout the book, the two main themes are how athletes can gain a competitive edge with their …
Book Review - The Fast Track, Darlene A. Kluka
Book Review - The Fast Track, Darlene A. Kluka
Global Sport Business Journal
This review examines The Fast Track by Jane McManus, a timely analysis of the commercial rise of women’s sport in the United States. McManus challenges the persistent narrative of low consumer demand, reframing it as a consequence of historical underinvestment and limited infrastructure. Drawing on industry data, stakeholder interviews, and economic analysis, the book highlights key growth drivers, including media rights, sponsorship alignment, and athlete-led digital visibility. It also situates these developments within broader social and political contexts, addressing issues of equity, representation, and governance. While primarily U.S.-focused, the book offers a compelling market diagnosis and underscores women’s sport as …
Research Proposal: Enhancing Or Replacing? A Qualitative Study Of Ai's Impact On Coaching Strategy And Team Dynamics, Mariana Perez Romero
Research Proposal: Enhancing Or Replacing? A Qualitative Study Of Ai's Impact On Coaching Strategy And Team Dynamics, Mariana Perez Romero
Posters - 2026
Since early 2020’s, artificial intelligence has become widely accessible and increasingly adapt in everyday life. In sports, AI now plays a major role in performance analysis, training strategies, and real time decision-making. While these tools offer significant advantages, they also reshape how athletes and coaches communicate, interpret information, and build relationships. Sport is a space for relationships: communication between coaches and athletes, trust within the team, shared decision-making, and bonds that are built through experience. It is important to understand how AI is influencing these human dynamics. This study will explore how AI influences communication and interpersonal dynamics in sports, …
Exploring The Professional Quality Of Life Of Female Collegiate Head Coaches., Jennifer Marie Boa
Exploring The Professional Quality Of Life Of Female Collegiate Head Coaches., Jennifer Marie Boa
Doctor of Social Work Capstone Projects
Before Title IX passed in 1972, most female college sports teams were coached by women. Today, only 42% of head coaches are women, even though participation in women’s collegiate sports has increased by 637% since 1971. This study explored the factors influencing the professional quality of life of female college coaches. Variables considered in this study included parenting and work, organizational culture, women’s role in the workforce, unique issues faced by female collegiate coaches, and professional quality of life. The study used a mixed-methods cross-sectional design and purposive sampling, resulting in 107 valid responses. The results indicate that respondents felt …
Book Review - Esports Business Management 2nd Edition, Brett A. Anderson
Book Review - Esports Business Management 2nd Edition, Brett A. Anderson
Global Sport Business Journal
This review evaluates Esports Business Management (2nd ed.) as a comprehensive and pedagogically effective resource for undergraduate sport business education. The text situates esports within familiar sport management frameworks while highlighting key distinctions related to its digital, global, and rapidly evolving structure. Across fourteen chapters, the authors address core industry components, including governance, marketing, sponsorship, finance, law, and career pathways, supported by real-world examples and applied learning tools. Particular strengths include clear definitional grounding, strong comparative analysis with traditional sport systems, and accessible explanations of complex industry dynamics. While maintaining breadth and clarity, the book effectively bridges theory and practice, …
From Eccentric Force To Explosive Output: A Multidimensional Analysis Of Mechanical Efficiency, Neuromuscular Strategy, And Performance Prediction In National-Level Junior Badminton Athletes Undergoing Overload Training, Mariola Gepfert, Kinga Łosińska, Dariusz T. Skalski, Magdalena Prończuk, Izabella Socha, Alicja Markiel, Aleksandra Markowska, Adam Maszczyk, Artur Gołaś
From Eccentric Force To Explosive Output: A Multidimensional Analysis Of Mechanical Efficiency, Neuromuscular Strategy, And Performance Prediction In National-Level Junior Badminton Athletes Undergoing Overload Training, Mariola Gepfert, Kinga Łosińska, Dariusz T. Skalski, Magdalena Prończuk, Izabella Socha, Alicja Markiel, Aleksandra Markowska, Adam Maszczyk, Artur Gołaś
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
This study aimed to investigate the neuromechanical pathways linking eccentric force production to explosive concentric output during countermovement jumps (CMJ) in national-level junior badminton athletes undergoing a specialized eccentric training program. Objective: 36 male athletes (age 16.5 ± 1.2 years) were quasi-randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG; n=18), which completed a 6-week supervised eccentric overload training in-volving flywheel squats and depth jumps thrice weekly, or a control group (CG; n=18), which maintained their habitual in-season training without additional interventions. Methods: Pre- and post-intervention assessments included CMJ performance measured on a force platform, with detailed analysis of kinetic and temporal …
Physical And Physiological Profiles Of Competitive Fencers: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Strength, Power, Endurance, Agility And Asymmetry, Joanna Motowidło, Miłosz Drozd, Petr Stastny, Dariusz T. Skalski, Izabella Socha, Adam Maszczyk
Physical And Physiological Profiles Of Competitive Fencers: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Strength, Power, Endurance, Agility And Asymmetry, Joanna Motowidło, Miłosz Drozd, Petr Stastny, Dariusz T. Skalski, Izabella Socha, Adam Maszczyk
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Background: Evidence on lower-limb strength, explosive power and bilateral asymmetry in competitive fencing is fragmented, and the relative impact of general neuromuscular capacity versus targeted training interventions remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a multidimensional, evidence-based synthesis of data on strength, power, and bilateral asymmetry of the lower limbs in professional fencers. Materials and methods: Following PRISMA 2020 (PROSPERO CRD420251041007), six databases were searched by 31 January 2025. Forty studies of fencers aged ≥ 12 years met the inclusion criteria. Three domain-specific random-effects meta-analyses (DerSimonian–Laird) were conducted: (1) integrated strength and power across …
College Football Free Agency: The Transactional Nature Of Big-Time College Football Recruiting, Chris Corr, Branden Johnson, Amanda L. Paule-Koba
College Football Free Agency: The Transactional Nature Of Big-Time College Football Recruiting, Chris Corr, Branden Johnson, Amanda L. Paule-Koba
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
This study explored how the transfer portal has transformed college football recruiting by disrupting traditional relationship-based practices and accelerating the shift toward a transactional performance-driven model. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, and capital, the research examines how recruiting coordinators navigate evolving pressures around talent acquisition, NIL compensation, and compressed recruiting timelines. Findings from comprehensive interviews with five Power-4 recruiting personnel reveal that relationships are increasingly leveraged for short-term gain. The findings of this study indicate the transfer portal has created an opaque high-stakes marketplace where trust is limited, valuation is speculative, and institutional pedigree/resources heavily influence opportunities. The …
An Exploration Of College Athletes' Action To Change The Eyes Of Texas. A Chronological Case Study, Charles Macaulay, Jessica K. Brougham, Christopher M. Mcleod, Ajhanai C. Keaton
An Exploration Of College Athletes' Action To Change The Eyes Of Texas. A Chronological Case Study, Charles Macaulay, Jessica K. Brougham, Christopher M. Mcleod, Ajhanai C. Keaton
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
This study presents a chronological case study exploring the University of Texas Austin wherein a broad coalition of students, college athletes, marching band members and others from the UT community engaged in several forms of activism challenging the university to address racial inequities. Unlike other sport organizations that swiftly supported activist efforts, the University of Texas serves as a case where leadership attempted to uphold the status quo and stifle dissent. Thus, this manuscript explores the oscillating dynamic between sport activism and organizational responses when a broad coalition of actors, lacking status, influence, and power, engage in continued efforts to …
Marketing Collegiate Women’S Sports In A Shifting Landscape: Opportunities And Obstacles, Liz Sattler Dr., Eric Kramer, Micaela Bradley
Marketing Collegiate Women’S Sports In A Shifting Landscape: Opportunities And Obstacles, Liz Sattler Dr., Eric Kramer, Micaela Bradley
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
This research explores the promotion of women’s sports programs across Division I athletic departments by specifically looking at the strategies, barriers, and opportunities identified by practitioners. Interest in women’s sports is growing, in large part thanks to popular women athletes such as Caitlin Clark, Juju Watkins, and Olivia Dunne. Despite that growing interest and investment in women’s sports globally, women collegiate athletes still face significant disparities in funding, media coverage, and overall promotion compared to their counterparts who are men. The industry faces a unique pivot point with the introduction of Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) and the pending implications …
Offside Trap: African Football As A Mirror Of Global Structural Inequality, Ellen Busolo Milimu
Offside Trap: African Football As A Mirror Of Global Structural Inequality, Ellen Busolo Milimu
Journal of Global South Sport Studies
Football in Africa, as a legacy of European colonialism, is undeniable. The export of football through colonization resulted in the popularization of the sport while also creating a system of economic exploitation and impoverishment that is the cause of considerable problems for African society. This economic system positioned African countries as dependents of former colonizers even after achieving independence. Sports, specifically football, provide a unique perspective to explore the no-win situation in which Africa exists within the global economic system. Always chasing the elusive ‘development’ goal that is dictated by others and shifts without the interests of African countries. The …
Influence Of Serve Type And Speed On Passing Success In Elite Czech Men's Volleyball, Miroslav Krajcigr, Petr Bahenský, David Marko, Sára Šestáková, Ladislav Čepička
Influence Of Serve Type And Speed On Passing Success In Elite Czech Men's Volleyball, Miroslav Krajcigr, Petr Bahenský, David Marko, Sára Šestáková, Ladislav Čepička
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Background: Serve effectiveness plays a critical role in volleyball, influencing the opponent’s reception and subsequent attack. While smash serves are powerful, float serves may disrupt the opponent through unpredictable flight patterns. This study examined how serve type and speed affect reception quality in elite men’s volleyball. Methods: A total of 543 serves (254 float, 289 smash) from one Czech Extraliga team across seven home matches were analyzed using video recordings and radar measurements. Serve speeds were grouped into predefined categories. Effectiveness was defined as the sum of effective receptions and aces; error serves were excluded. Reception outcomes were classified as …
From Field To Marketplace: Nil, Identity Dynamics, And Well-Being Among College Athletes, Kathryn Heinze, Landy D. Lu, Hairou Ren, Sara Soderstom
From Field To Marketplace: Nil, Identity Dynamics, And Well-Being Among College Athletes, Kathryn Heinze, Landy D. Lu, Hairou Ren, Sara Soderstom
Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics
The rapid expansion of name, image, and likeness (NIL) opportunities has reshaped the U.S. college sport landscape, yet limited research has examined how NIL engagement affects athlete identity and well-being. This study investigates the relationships among NIL engagement, identity salience, and stress. Survey data were collected from 351 Division I athletes across four major conferences. Regression analyses indicated that greater NIL commitment was associated with heightened athlete identity salience and increased NIL-related stress. NIL satisfaction emerged as a protective factor, predicting lower stress, whereas perceptions of fairness were not significantly related to stress. Brief open-ended survey responses provided explanatory context, …