Work, Economy and Organizations Commons^™

The Professional Decline Of Physicians In The Era Of Managed Care, Aimee E. Marlow

New England Journal of Public Policy

Physicians have long enjoyed prestige, power, and autonomy, but the rise of managed care organizations has drastically changed their status. Many doctors are in thrall to the financial well-being of the corporations that employ them, their knowledge and expertise controlled and manipulated in the interest of profit maximization. This article investigates the professional decline of physicians, citing the use of gag clauses, incentives to withhold care, and the breakdown of their authority. In an effort to regain some measure of control, physicians have taken their concerns to the public, supporting state and federal legislation that attempts to curb questionable managed …

The Politics Of Three Case Studies Industrialization, Eve S. Weinbaum

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article analyzes the grassroots efforts of the working and unemployed poor of three Appalachian communities to improve their towns ' devastated economy in an era of rapid economic change and globalization. While all three were beset by plant closings, their forms of political mobilization, both before and after the shutdown, differed. Each group of workers mounted a communitywide campaign designed to convince the company to stay, to induce local government action, to receive pay and benefits due, and to influence state legislation and economic development policy. Mobilization in the wake of a plant closing is rather extraordinary, especially in …

State, Capital And Workers Protests In Egypt, Tamer Abdel-Kader

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Allied Health Professions In The Health-Sector Job Structure, Françoise J. Carré

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article reviews the characteristics of allied health professions in the U.S., Massachusetts, and Boston health sectors. These occupations are considered in the broader context of the multitiered job structure of the health sector and their gender and ethnic composition. The discussion includes surveys of vacancy rates and wage levels for selected allied health professions in Massachusetts hospitals. The article concludes with a more detailed, albeit national, picture of these occupations in the hospital sector per se, their demographic composition, and earnings level.

Downsizing America In The Twentieth Century: A Sociological And Theoretical Analysis Of The Shrinking Middle Class, Terreea Lynne Adams

Institute for the Humanities Theses

Downsizing is the process by which a firm decreases its number of employees, even during times of a strong economy, with the stated purpose of generating greater efficiency, productivity and of course, profit. The downsizing trend in the United States during the past three decades has resulted in an enormous shift in the structure of our society. Various theorists, sociologists and economists employ differing ways of looking at this downsizing trend and its effects on the largest segment of the population; that is, the middle class.

lndications of a healthy economy are low levels of unemployment and poverty-. Downsizing involves …

Selbstverwaltung: Entwicklungen Und Perspektiven, Soziale Bewegungen, Krisen Und Soziale Ökonomie, Mathias Hasler, Franziska Amstutz, Simone Seiler, Olivier Mounir, Bernard Gailloz, Isidor Wallimann

Books

Self-Managed Firms in Switzerland: Developments and Perspectives, social Movements, Crisis and the Social Economy

Industrial Change, Immigration, And Community Development: An Overview Of Europeans And Latinos, Ramón F. Borges-Méndez

New England Journal of Public Policy

The industrial forces and conditions of Massachusetts that awaited and attracted European immigrants were vastly different from those encountered by the more recent wave of Latino immigrants. This study seeks to compare and clarify what those forces and conditions were at three different times, especially in the small mill towns of Lowell, Lawrence, and Holyoke. The objective is to delineate a historical backdrop to allow an understanding of the present situation of Latinos in those cities and, to some extent, within the commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Compatriots Or Competitors? Job Competition Between Foreign- And U.S.-Born Angelenos, Abel Valenzuela Jr.

New England Journal of Public Policy

The debate concerning job competition between immigrant and nonimmigrant groups has intensified owing to the large increase in the 1970s and 1980s in immigration and the simultaneous growth in urban poverty rates for African-American and other minority groups. It focuses on the possible wage and displacement effects an increase in immigration would cause for the U.S.-born population. Using 1970 and 1980 industrial and occupational census data and shift-share methodology for Los Angeles, the author shows that immigrants do not simply function as either competitive or complementary sources of labor. Instead, he argues, job competition between groups of workers depends in …

Social Networks And Employment For Latinos, Blacks, And Whites, Luis M. Falcón

New England Journal of Public Policy

Despite the immigrant character of Latino groups in the United States, little attention has been given to the role of social networks in the job-search process and in labor market outcomes for Latinos. The literature on social networks describes their use as important in providing access to jobs but neutral as to affecting earnings or attainment of prestige. This study uses data from a 1988-1989 Boston survey to examine the effect of finding employment through social networks on the income attainment of white, black, and Latino workers. Job seekers in all groups rely on such networks, but Latinos exhibit the …

Immigrant Workers In The Cleaning Industry: The Experience Of Boston's Central Americans, Karen M. Lado

New England Journal of Public Policy

This study has two objectives: to describe Central Americans' employment experience in the Boston area by focusing on cleaning workers and to explore the reasons why Central Americans in particular, and immigrants in general, become concentrated in industries like cleaning. The study highlights a number of characteristics of immigrant workers and of cleaning work that contribute to employment in the industry. Recent immigrants need jobs that do not require English skills or formal training, can be accessed informally, and offer schedules that allow them to take on additional work. Cleaning companies, in turn, need a constant source of reliable workers …

Persistence Of Poverty Across Generations: A Comparison Of Anglos, Blacks, And Latinos, Anna M. Santiago, Yolanda C. Padilla

New England Journal of Public Policy

Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study examines the impact of children's growing up in poverty on the probability of their remaining in poverty during young adulthood. The primary goals of the research are to examine racial, ethnic, and gender differences in patterns of persistent poverty and to identify predictors of poverty status in young adulthood. The results suggest that both women, regardless of their race, ethnicity, or adolescent poverty status, and black men who grew up in poverty are more likely to be poor as young adults than Anglo men. Logistic regression analyses reveal that …

Latinos And Labor: Challenges And Opportunities, Andrés Torres

New England Journal of Public Policy

The growing presence of Latino workers in the Massachusetts labor force presents opportunities as well as challenges for the labor movement. An overview of occupational, industrial, and unionization patterns helps to describe the potential for Hispanic contribution to renewed union strength in the region. But revitalizing the house of labor in the twenty-first century requires an innovative interplay of workplace and community strategies. As labor comes to terms with its multiracial/multicultural constituency, the relationship between class and race/ethnicity is being revisited, as is the very definition of "labor movement."

Latinos Need Not Apply: The Effects Of Industrial Change And Workplace Discrimination On Latino Employment, Edwin Meléndez, Françoise Carré, Evangelina Holvino

New England Journal of Public Policy

The objective of the research described here is to assess how recent changes in the organization of industry and discrimination in the workplace affect the employment of Latinos. One of the most important developments in labor markets during the past two decades is the erosion of internal labor markets. Employers are responding to intensified competitive conditions that developed during the 1980s: increased international competition in domestic markets and deregulation in telecommunications, banking, insurance, and other industries. The development of information technologies and the diffusion of secondary and postsecondary education have enabled organizations to cut labor costs. In particular, firms are …

Improving Education And Training For Economic Development, Joan Mcrae Stoia

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article explores the connections between workforce quality and economic prosperity, as well as the role of the Massachusetts education and training system, in developing and preserving that quality and supporting the state's key industries. It includes a review of the most recent employment trend and projection data available from the Massachusetts Department of Employment and Training, information about several business-based workplace education models, and a discussion of the specific education and training needs of workers across the age/skill continuum. For the purpose of this discussion, the education and training system are broadly defined to include existing public, private, and …

Organizations And Attitudes In The Local Economic Development Process: A Case Study Of The West Parry Sound Area (Ontario), Darin Gregory Tucci

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this study is to further our understanding of the obstacles and catalysts to the local economic development (LED) process. The central issues under examination deal with multi-community and multi-organization integration at the subregional level. These issues are explored though a case study of West Parry Sound Area (WPSA). The difficulties associated with integration and the differences among member municipalities and organizations were evaluated in two ways. First, the agencies involved in the WSPA LED process were examined to assess the organizational structure resulting from overlapping objectives and representatives. Second, the attitudes of key actors within these agencies …

Does Sex Discrimination Exist In Faculty Salaries At Western Kentucky University? An Empirical Examination Of The Wage Gap, Reed Vesey

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This thesis examines wage differentials between male and female faculty salaries at Western Kentucky University. A human capital model of salary determination is examined by using regression analysis on relevant personal and job characteristics of faculty members. A large portion of the wage gap between men and women is explained through differences in the personal and job characteristics. A portion of the wage gap remains unexplained, however, the probability of discrimination playing a substantial role in salary is very small.

Connecticut Local Labor Market Areas 1980, Thomas E. Steahr, Kenneth P. Hadden

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

The Informal Dimension Of Urban Activity In Egypt: Some Recent Work, Mostafa Kharoufi

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Urban Street Food Vendors: Case-Study From Egypt, Sarah F. Loza

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

The Informal Sector In Egypt: Towards An Anthropology Of Work, Nicholas S. Hopkins

Faculty Book Chapters

N/A

Employment And Income In The Informal Sector Of The Maghreb And Mashreq Countries, Jacques Charmes

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Organizing Migrant Workers: The Egyptian Experience, James Toth

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Markets, Marketing, The Market: Informal Egypt, Nicholas S. Hopkins

Faculty Book Chapters

[abstract not provided]

Job Search Outcomes For The Employed And Unemployed, David M. Blau, Philip K. Robins

Economics Articles and Papers



This paper examines how four components of the job search process--the choice of search methods, the choice of how many firms to contact, the rate at which offers are received, and the acceptance or rejection of an offer--influence the job-finding rate. A reduced-form model of job search is estimated that takes account of the fact that users of a particular method of job search are not a random subset of all searchers. The empirical analysis focuses on differences in search behavior between the employed and unemployed. A key finding of the analysis is that the offer rate per contact …

Economic Characteristics Of The Nursery-Greenhouse Sector In Connecticut, Wayne Gineo, Manda Rao

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

La Construcción Colectiva Para Las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando Para El Futuro, Ruth Mcleod

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Este número de SEEDS se enfoca en un programa creado para integrar a la mujer de ingresos bajos a la industría de la construcción en Jamaica. En dos años, hubo 34 mujeres que recibieron cursos básicos del programa y de capacitación más avanzados. Más del 90 por ciento de estas mujeres fueron empleadas; la mayoría son carpinteras y albaniles. La historia de cómo se identificó este campo como fuente potencial de ingresos para la mujer, y cómo se desarrolló el proyecto respondiendo a las circunstancias siempre cambiantes, presenta muchas lecciones útiles. Este proyecto será de especial interés para aquellos que …

Educational & Family Status Constraints On Female Income Operating Through The Labor Market, Donald Burton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The earnings gap between men and women has long been a problem of interest to sociologists. Using data provided by the General Social Survey, this thesis addresses this problem by utilizing a causal model that conceptualizes the labor market sector as intervening in the relationships between education and income, and between the absence or presence of children and income among women. The impact of age on these relationships is also considered.

Women who have children and a lower educational level do not, it was found, make as much money and work more in the secondary sector than childless, better-educated women. …

Application Of A Linear Programming Model For Estimating The Economic Impact Of Tourism Development, Marvin W. Kottke

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Locating In Searcy, Arkansas: A Facts Book For Business And Industry - Individuals And Families, Don P. Diffine Ph.D.

Belden Center Books

Compiled over a six-month period, under the auspices of the Searcy Chamber of Commerce, the 1987 edition of this book was a public service project, containing numerous new and expanded sections. This project was a relevant, practical and interesting experience for the Belden Center staff and, at the same time, it helped Searcy by providing a current and complete course of city information.

The Women's Construction Collective: Building For The Future, Ruth Mcleod

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS focuses on a project developed to integrate low-income women into Jamaica's construction industry. In two years, 34 women passed through the project's basic training and skills upgrading courses. More than 90 percent of these women became employed, the majority as masons and carpenters. The story of how this field was identified as a potential source of income for women, and how the project developed and evolved in response to changing circumstances, presents many useful lessons. These should be of particular interest to those seeking to identify employment areas where women's participation is feasible and in helping …