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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 2239

Full-Text Articles in Rural Sociology

Income Security Policy And The Nonmetro Poor, Susan Bentley Dec 1986

Income Security Policy And The Nonmetro Poor, Susan Bentley

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Income security in the United States is affected by both income transfer policy and tax policy. Transfer payments have reduced the incidence of poverty in the United States. The nonmetro poverty rates, however, remains higher than the metro poverty rate, even after considering growing in-kind transfers. Additionally, nonmetro areas depend heavily on transfer payments for personal income. Because adjustments in tax policy have not kept pace with inflation, the working poor have paid an increasing share of their income in taxes. This is particularly important for nonmetro areas, as most of their poor families contain at least one worker. The …

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Impact Of Farm Policies On Agriculture, Farm Structure, And Rural Communities, Ronald D. Knutson, James W. Richardson, Edward G. Smith Dec 1986

Impact Of Farm Policies On Agriculture, Farm Structure, And Rural Communities, Ronald D. Knutson, James W. Richardson, Edward G. Smith

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper discusses the economic, technological, and political factors affecting farm and rural community structure. It concludes that the economic and technological pressures leading to a more concentrated commercial agriculture are strong and political choices to the contrary will likely fail. This conclusion implies an increased need for pragmatic transition policies.

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Influence Of The Community Economic Base On Off-Farm Employment, Gregory S. Taylor, Mike D. Woods Dec 1986

Influence Of The Community Economic Base On Off-Farm Employment, Gregory S. Taylor, Mike D. Woods

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Current research indicates the prevalence of off-farm employment among United States farm families creates an important linkage between farm and nonfarm sectors of the economy. The contention is that the nonfarm sector contributes through this medium to the economic viability of the farm sector. Despite the relevance of this linkage, few attempts have been made to further specify its nature. This study examines the extent and source (by industry) of off-farm employment in Texas nonmetropolitan counties, classified by their economic base. Data are from the 1980 Census of Population and the classification of nonmetro counties developed by ERS, USDA. The …

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Accountability And The Cooperative Extension Service: An Emerging Role For Rural Sociology, Howard Ladewig Dec 1986

Accountability And The Cooperative Extension Service: An Emerging Role For Rural Sociology, Howard Ladewig

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Presidential address of the Southern Rural Sociological Association, Orlando, Florida, February 1986.

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Changes In Industrial And Occupational Structures Of Texas Counties, 1960-80, John K. Thomas, H. L. Goodwin Jr. Dec 1986

Changes In Industrial And Occupational Structures Of Texas Counties, 1960-80, John K. Thomas, H. L. Goodwin Jr.

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper identifies and examines industrial and occupational changes that have accompanied population growth in Texas. According to the 1960 U.S. Census definitions for county size, Texas counties were grouped as metropolitan, urban-nonrnetropolitan, and rural-nonmetropolitan. Employment in 13 industrial and 9 occupational categories was used to measure sustenance differentiation. Industrial employment (SDI) diversified in both the sixties and seventies as nonrnetropolitan counties became more structurally homogeneous. Occupational employment (SDO) decreased in operative, labor, and farmer-farm worker jobs and increased in sales, crafts, clerical, and professional-technical-kindred jobs. Additionally, in 1980 SDI and SDO were markedly less correlated than in previous years, …

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Economic Activities Of Children In Two Iranian Villages, Akbar Aghajanian Oct 1986

Economic Activities Of Children In Two Iranian Villages, Akbar Aghajanian

Sociology Department Faculty Working Papers

No abstract provided.

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Agricultural Structure And Change: Litchfield County, Connecticut, William H. Groff Aug 1986

Agricultural Structure And Change: Litchfield County, Connecticut, William H. Groff

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

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Substitution Of Non Commercial Cooking Energy By Solar Energy In Rural Areas: An Input And Output Approach, J P Painuly Jul 1986

Substitution Of Non Commercial Cooking Energy By Solar Energy In Rural Areas: An Input And Output Approach, J P Painuly

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

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Poverty In Connecticut: 1979, Kenneth P. Hadden Jun 1986

Poverty In Connecticut: 1979, Kenneth P. Hadden

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

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Children And The Environment: Work, Play And Learning In Rural Sudan, Cindi Katz Jan 1986

Children And The Environment: Work, Play And Learning In Rural Sudan, Cindi Katz

Publications and Research

In agricultural economies, environmental learning and the use of environmental knowledge are central practices of social reproduction. The former is important because it encompasses the acquisition of important vocational skills and knowledge, and the latter because it is often integral to the work of providing or procuring basic needs goods and services. In these societies children learn about the environment--that is, about agriculture, animal husbandry and the use of local resources-- largely in the course of their work and play in a variety of settings. In rural areas of the Third World the transition to capitalist relations of production is …

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Observations On The Future Of South Dakota Agriculture And Rural Communities, Mark Edelman Feb 1985

Observations On The Future Of South Dakota Agriculture And Rural Communities, Mark Edelman

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

A short clarification of the current problems facing agriculture and rural communities in South Dakota, the options faced by community leaders, and the policy alternatives faced by national decision-makers in assisting rural communities.

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An Analysis Of The Exchange Relationships In A Voluntary Organization Network Undergoing Structural Change, Gary A. Goreham Jan 1985

An Analysis Of The Exchange Relationships In A Voluntary Organization Network Undergoing Structural Change, Gary A. Goreham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Using Richard Emerson's exchange network analysis, exchange relations in the South Dakota 4-H program were examined. South Dakota 4-H is comprised of both paid staff and volunteer leaders. It is currently undergoing structural change through the implementation of the Key Leader System. The Key Leader System involves appointing county level Key Leaders and club level Project Leaders to disseminate information to 4-H members and to assist them with their projects. Survey data, interviews, and State Fair results were collected to test hypotheses generated by exchange network analysis. Both clubs and counties varied in the degree to which they had implemented …

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The Social Role Of The Church : Alienation Or Mediation?, John O. Umoh Jan 1985

The Social Role Of The Church : Alienation Or Mediation?, John O. Umoh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research has a three-fold purpose: first, to assess the presence, or lack thereof, of alienation in a sample from the rural Farm population; second, to assess the role of the church in helping reduce feelings of alienation; and third, to determine the extent to which church membership and participation enhances personal empowerment and transformative action. The following questions are addressed in the study: 1. Is there evidence of alienation in this rural farm population? 2. If so, who are alienated? 3. Is alienation associated with church membership? 4. Is church membership associated with transformative action? 5. How are alienation …

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Incidence, Magnitude, And Determinants Of Off-Farm Income In Tennessee And The South, Surendra P. Singh Dec 1984

Incidence, Magnitude, And Determinants Of Off-Farm Income In Tennessee And The South, Surendra P. Singh

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The major objectives of this study are to identify the incidence and magnitude of of f-farm income in Tennessee and the South and to determine factors affecting off-farm income of a select group of farm families. Regression models were estimated using cross-sectional data collected from 193 randomly selected farm families in two Tennessee counties. Two models were estimated: the first, for the farm operator's off-farm income; and the second, for the total off-farm income of the family. The study revealed various socioeconomic factors affecting total off-farm family income and operator's off-farm income. Elasticities were also determined for each of the …

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Recruitment To Food Animal Veterinary Medicine Practice In Louisiana, George W. Ohlendorf Dec 1984

Recruitment To Food Animal Veterinary Medicine Practice In Louisiana, George W. Ohlendorf

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Factors Contributing To Reported Home Energy Conservation Behavior, Lionel J. Beaulieu, Michael K. Miller Dec 1984

Factors Contributing To Reported Home Energy Conservation Behavior, Lionel J. Beaulieu, Michael K. Miller

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This study extends and refines previous works by considering the relative influence that key attributes have on two types of conservation initiatives: repetitive activities requiring minimal time or cost and nonrepetitive conservation practices that entail sizable financial outlays. Data collected in a 1979 statewide survey in Florida demonstrate that while several socio-demographic variables are significant predictors of reported conservation behavior, personal perception and definition of economic circumstance is the single most important predictor.

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Economic Dualism In American Agriculture, Gary P. Green, William D. Heffernan Dec 1984

Economic Dualism In American Agriculture, Gary P. Green, William D. Heffernan

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Renewed interest in agriculture by sociologists has led to an emphasis on structural analyses of rural America. Drawing upon the dual economy model, this paper proposes an alternative concept of the changing structure of agriculture in the United States. Two industrial sectors--the core and the periphery--are defined, and their relevance to agriculture is explored. Following Averitt, agriculture is an industry which historically has had a periphery-type orientation but is now undergoing encroachment from the core economy and partially from domination by the federal government. The research implications of the dual economy model for rural sociology are discussed.

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Mainline And Peripheral Agriculture: Toward Generic Classification Of Farms, Carlton R. Sollie, Wolfgang Frese Dec 1984

Mainline And Peripheral Agriculture: Toward Generic Classification Of Farms, Carlton R. Sollie, Wolfgang Frese

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

An examination of the state of the art in the classification of farms indicates a need for more work. Classification of farms by size has been widely used and found serviceable. In a capitalistic social system, such as the United States, the most appropriate measure of the relative contributions of farms of different sizes appears to be the market value of products they sell. Accordingly, a preliminary generic typology of U.S. farms, based on published data, is proposed in which Mainline, Marginal, and Peripheral types are identified.

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Farm Operation Characteristics, Institutional Support, And The Use Of Soil And Water Conservation Technologies, Peter F. Korsching Dec 1984

Farm Operation Characteristics, Institutional Support, And The Use Of Soil And Water Conservation Technologies, Peter F. Korsching

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Technologies to control the severity of soil erosion and water pollution are available, and a large institutional structure supports soil conservation work, but success has been rather limited. This study of a sample of farmers in the three watersheds in central Iowa tests a number of hypotheses about the use of conservation technology. Institutional support factors were found to have a stronger relationship to the use of conservation practices than farm operation characteristics. The erosion potential of the land was conditional for specific conservation practice utilization. The use of institutional resources was positively related to farm size and scale. Thus …

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Teenage Vandalism In Georgia, Douglas C. Bachtel Dec 1984

Teenage Vandalism In Georgia, Douglas C. Bachtel

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Data gathered from a selected nonmetropolitan and a metropolitan county in Georgia suggest that most junior and senior high school students had engaged in at least one act of vandalism in the previous 12 months. Vandalism most often occurred among groups of four or more people, on weekends, and outside one's own neighborhood. Reduction of teenage vandalism involves consideration of peer group influence, leisure activities, and deterrence measures.

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Acknowledgement, James H. Copp Dec 1984

Acknowledgement, James H. Copp

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Our Authors, James H. Copp Dec 1984

Our Authors, James H. Copp

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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School Enrollment In Connecticut, 1980: Past Trends And Future Prospects, Kenneth P. Hadden, William H. Groff Nov 1984

School Enrollment In Connecticut, 1980: Past Trends And Future Prospects, Kenneth P. Hadden, William H. Groff

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

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Changing Times In South Dakota Agriculture: Implications For Our Citizens, Larry Janssen Feb 1984

Changing Times In South Dakota Agriculture: Implications For Our Citizens, Larry Janssen

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

We are living in times of rapid change in agriculture and in rural America. Hog and beef confinement systems, automated feeding systems, pesticides, four-wheel drive tractors and personal computers are innovations that did not exist or were seldom seen on farms 25 years ago. Interstate highways, factories in small cities, subterminal elevators and consolidated schools are examples of the changing landscape in rural America. In times of rapid change, many people are concerned about the future of agriculture, family farms and rural communities. In this paper, recent trends in South Dakota agriculture are presented and analyzed. Major implications of these …

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El Proceso De Reforma Agraria En La República Dominicana 1979-83, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón Jan 1984

El Proceso De Reforma Agraria En La República Dominicana 1979-83, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

El sector rural es el prinicpal pilar de le economia de Republica Domincana, ya que representa la fuente mas grande de empleo y tiene una considerable participacion en la formacion del Producto Bruto Interno (alrededor del 20%)...

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Editor’S Preface, G. Richard Wetherhill Dec 1983

Editor’S Preface, G. Richard Wetherhill

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Use Of Government Services By Low-Income, Rural Residents In Alabama, Gerald C. Wheelock, Joseph Befecadu, Priscilla Salant Dec 1983

Use Of Government Services By Low-Income, Rural Residents In Alabama, Gerald C. Wheelock, Joseph Befecadu, Priscilla Salant

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Overparticipation in government programs often receives much publicity, while the question of underparticipation by those eligible is seldom addressed. It is hypothesized that participation rates and reasons for nonparticipation among eligibles are related to household characteristics and county-level variables. A random cluster sample of 251 households in three randomly selected, rural, low-income Alabama counties was surveyed in August and September, 1981. Data analyzed deal with the utilization of food stamps, Medicaid, Medicare, and county health services. It is estimated that needy nonparticipants among eligibles in food stamps are about 22 percent; in Medicaid about 46 percent; in Medicare about 19 …

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Beef Cattle Producers Of The Texas Gulf Coast: Characteristics And Production Practices, Howard Ladewig, Ray Garibay Dec 1983

Beef Cattle Producers Of The Texas Gulf Coast: Characteristics And Production Practices, Howard Ladewig, Ray Garibay

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Agricultural production in Texas and the nation has been characterized by two major trends: farms are getting larger in size and fewer in number, and more farmers are seeking off-farm employment. For those who remain in farming, technology is becoming more complex, the industry is becoming more highly structured, and the market for their agricultural products is being affected by international events. Today's farmers must have strong managerial skills and be aware of modern agricultural technologies if they are to succeed. The purpose here is to identify and measure characteristics of ranchers and related activities as organizational units; and to …

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Demographic Trends And Consumer Demand For Agricultural Products, Patricia Knight Guseman, Stephen G. Sapp Dec 1983

Demographic Trends And Consumer Demand For Agricultural Products, Patricia Knight Guseman, Stephen G. Sapp

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Food consumption patterns affected by macro-level population characteristics are examined with respect to projected demographic trends. Standard demand models based on price and income are enhanced to reflect impacts of total population, household size, and regional population distribution. These models provide baseline information for illustrating effects on food demand under different social-demographic scenarios, such as changes in population size, regional migration pat terns, and changes in household size, composition, and income growth, rates. Likely demographic projections show a greater proportional effect of total population, household size, and regional shifts on food demand than income for some commodities and for total …

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Time Use By Small Farm Families In Southwest Virginia: An Approach For The Inclusion Of Household In Farming Systems Research And Extension, John S. Caldwell, Michael French Smith, Vicki Karagianis, Ruth D. Harris Dec 1983

Time Use By Small Farm Families In Southwest Virginia: An Approach For The Inclusion Of Household In Farming Systems Research And Extension, John S. Caldwell, Michael French Smith, Vicki Karagianis, Ruth D. Harris

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

In this paper we first present an overview of Farming Systems Research and Extension (FSR/E), contrasting the importance placed on the household in the FSRIE conceptual framework with the lack of explicit attention given it in FSR/E methodology. An initial 47-farm survey suggested that female household members play key roles in intensive crop production and off-farm income generation. A time allocation study during May-October, 1982, investigated the roles of female and male household heads and working age children in a representative 10-farm subsample. Results indicated greater women's contributions to livestock-related production activities than originally hypothesized and reduced time spent by …

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