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Full-Text Articles in Rural Sociology

A Role For Ethical Analysis In Social Research On Agrifood And Environmental Standards, Kyle Powys White, Paul B. Thompson Dec 2010

A Role For Ethical Analysis In Social Research On Agrifood And Environmental Standards, Kyle Powys White, Paul B. Thompson

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Lawrence Busch claims that, although some philosophers may recognize the ethical import of standards, they do not endeavor to understand how people justify standards in social reality. The argument in this paper is that the Michigan State University (MSU) School of Agrifood Governance and Technoscience should actually be understood as fleshing out a more important role for ethicists. This argument is explored through an analysis of the MSU School’s research on standards, a reassessment of J.O. Urmson’s “On Grading,” and a review of major ethical theories, from utilitarianism to discourse ethics. The conclusion is that, though standards may be used …

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Standards, Law, And Governance, Lawrence Busch Dec 2010

Standards, Law, And Governance, Lawrence Busch

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The last several centuries have been marked first by a tendency toward the use of standards to standardize, and then by the use of standards to differentiate. Both have been built on the legal edifice of the state. More recently, in response to the rapid rise of neoliberalism, standardized differentiation has increased in scope and has become part of a larger Tripartite Standards Regime (TSR) consisting of standards, certifications, and accreditations. Over the last half century, the TSR has grown to cover nearly every aspect of social life. In many ways this new form of governance replaces and transmutes positive …

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Gregory S. Alexander And Eduardo M Penalver, Property And Community, Charles C. Geisler Dec 2010

Gregory S. Alexander And Eduardo M Penalver, Property And Community, Charles C. Geisler

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Review of Property and Community, by Gregory S. Alexander and Eduardo M. Peñalver (eds.)

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More Than One In Ten American Households Relies On Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits, Jessica A. Bean, Marybeth J. Mattingly Dec 2010

More Than One In Ten American Households Relies On Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits, Jessica A. Bean, Marybeth J. Mattingly

Carsey Publications

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is one of the most responsive federal programs to economic downturns, as evidence by the increases in SNAP use between 2007 and 2009. Nationally, more than one in ten households relies on SNAP benefits, and the rate is even higher in rural areas, with more than 13 percent of households reporting use. This brief examines the trends in SNAP use across the United States since the recession began in 2007 and considers the impact of legislation in the Congress on those who rely on SNAP to make ends meet.

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From Peasants To Farmers: Peasant Differentiation, Labor Regimes, And Land-Rights Institutions In China's Agrarian Transition, Q. Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson Dec 2010

From Peasants To Farmers: Peasant Differentiation, Labor Regimes, And Land-Rights Institutions In China's Agrarian Transition, Q. Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The development of factor markets has opened Chinese agriculture for the penetration of capitalism. This new round of rural transformation—China’s agrarian transition— raises the agrarian question in the Chinese context. This study investigates how capitalist forms and relations of production transform agricultural production and the peasantry class in rural China. The authors identify six forms of nonpeasant agricultural production, compare the labor regimes and direct producers’ socioeconomic statuses across these forms, and evaluate the role of China’s land-rights institution in shaping these forms. The empirical investigation presents three main findings: (1) Peasant differentiation : capitalist forms of agricultural production differentiate …

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Hard Times Made Harder: Struggling Caregivers And Child Neglect, Wendy A. Walsh Nov 2010

Hard Times Made Harder: Struggling Caregivers And Child Neglect, Wendy A. Walsh

Carsey Publications

Poverty is only one of many challenges tied to a report of child neglect. The analysis in this brief finds that neglected children whose caregivers struggle with substance abuse and mental health problems are at significant risk for out-of-home placement. Risk factors for out-of-home placement for neglected children are discussed, as well as a multifaceted approach to services to prevent neglect and out-of-home placement.

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The Unequal Distribution Of Child Poverty: Highest Rates Among Young Blacks And Children Of Single Mothers In Rural America, Marybeth J. Mattingly, Jessica A. Bean Oct 2010

The Unequal Distribution Of Child Poverty: Highest Rates Among Young Blacks And Children Of Single Mothers In Rural America, Marybeth J. Mattingly, Jessica A. Bean

Carsey Publications

Measuring by race, place, and family, this brief highlights poverty rates for two rural groups--young black children and children of single mothers--who each face rates around 50%.

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Teachers Matter: Feelings Of School Connectedness And Positive Youth Development Among Coos County Youth, Nena F. Stracuzzi, Meghan L. Mills Oct 2010

Teachers Matter: Feelings Of School Connectedness And Positive Youth Development Among Coos County Youth, Nena F. Stracuzzi, Meghan L. Mills

Carsey Publications

Students who feel positively about their education, have a sense of belonging in school, and maintain good relationships with students and staff generally feel connected to their schools. In fact, 63 percent of Coos youth report feeling this way. It is one of the most important factors in promoting socio-emotional well-being and positive youth development, according to authors Nena Stracuzzi and Meghan Mills. Their research, using surveys of Coos students, shows that students who feel more connected to their schools usually get better grades, have higher self-esteem, use fewer substances, and engage in aggressive behaviors less frequently. Their latest brief …

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Semillas Y La Ciudad: La Agricultura Urbana En Oaxaca De Juárez Como Un Aporte A La Soberanía Alimentaria, Katie Oberwager Oct 2010

Semillas Y La Ciudad: La Agricultura Urbana En Oaxaca De Juárez Como Un Aporte A La Soberanía Alimentaria, Katie Oberwager

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Este proyecto trata de examinar el movimiento creciente de la agricultura urbana en Oaxaca de Juárez, México como un aporte potencial a la soberanía alimentaria. Las políticas económicas en los Estados Unidos tienen un efecto directo en las vidas mexicanas, y esto es especialmente la verdad con los campesinos mexicanos. Por ejemplo, el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte ha causado la inundación de México con maíz barato. La mayoría de los campesinos mexicanos no pueden competir con estos precios bajos y han sido obligados a huir de su tierra en busca de trabajo en las ciudades o …

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Why Mexicans Migrate: A Glimpse At The Causes And Effects Of Rural Mexican Migration In The Community Of Yogana As Well As Current Movements Towards Local Development, Katie Norris Oct 2010

Why Mexicans Migrate: A Glimpse At The Causes And Effects Of Rural Mexican Migration In The Community Of Yogana As Well As Current Movements Towards Local Development, Katie Norris

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Migration is a current matter confronting both U.S. and Mexican society. For Americans, the topic signifies an ever-increasing entry of Mexican migrants to U.S. factory and agricultural hotspots. In comparison, for millions of Mexican citizens, migration marks an intricate aspect of daily life with a story embedded not only in the present day but in the histories and futures of individuals, families and communities as well. An on-going cycle of poverty explains the principle motivation behind the growing number of migrating citizens from Mexico. Social and environmental injustices associated with free-trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement …

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Early Care And Education For At-Risk Children In Rural And Urban Slums In Kenya, Giselle Emilia Navarro Casillas Oct 2010

Early Care And Education For At-Risk Children In Rural And Urban Slums In Kenya, Giselle Emilia Navarro Casillas

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

With the rise of changing family structures as well as an increase in the demands of an early preparation for children to enter primary school, Early Care and Education (ECE) has become extremely important in Kenya. In particular an increase of ECE centers for at risk children is important because research has shown that at risk children benefit more from a high quality early care and education program (Calman, L.J., & Tarr-Whelan, L., 2005). Observations were conducted in fifteen ECE centers located in urban slums and rural villages throughout Kenya where poverty is high and sanitation conditions are poor. This …

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Renewable Energy In Rural Amazônia: A Case Study Of Its Advantages And Limitations In Santo Antônio, Amy Plovnick Oct 2010

Renewable Energy In Rural Amazônia: A Case Study Of Its Advantages And Limitations In Santo Antônio, Amy Plovnick

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Isolated renewable energy projects are a promising alternative to diesel power for providing electricity in rural communities not connected to the conventional electricity transmission grid. However, there have been a limited number of such projects in rural Amazônia, and they often face obstacles that limit their sustainability. The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental, social and economic impact of isolated renewable energy projects through a case study of a small-scale biomass and solar energy electrification project in the community of Santo Antônio, Pará. It will also evaluate the limitations to implementing and sustaining isolated renewable energy projects …

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Sticks And Stones: The Strategic Use Of Development By The Maoists In The Mobilization Of Nepal‘S Rural Population, Iyla Shornstein Oct 2010

Sticks And Stones: The Strategic Use Of Development By The Maoists In The Mobilization Of Nepal‘S Rural Population, Iyla Shornstein

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Nepal is a country with a brutal history of endemic domestic conflict and economic inequality. With the majority of the population living below the poverty line, development discourse has been crucial to political discussions for the past 20 years. The advent of the People‘s War marked a highly significant turn in the history of Nepali politics as the formation of the United Communist Party of Nepal (CPN-M) and the subsequent insurgency that followed brought issues of socio-economic equality and empowerment of marginalized peoples to the forefront of the national agenda. The CPN-M rapidly gained support predominantly in the rural countryside …

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Young Child Poverty In 2009: Rural Poverty Rate Jumps To Nearly 29 Percent In Second Year Of Recession, Marybeth J. Mattingly, Michelle L. Stransky Sep 2010

Young Child Poverty In 2009: Rural Poverty Rate Jumps To Nearly 29 Percent In Second Year Of Recession, Marybeth J. Mattingly, Michelle L. Stransky

Carsey Publications

The U.S. Census Bureau's release of its American Community Survey data in September 2010 illustrated some expected changes in poverty rates in 2009, the second year of the Great Recession. For young children under age 6, living in poverty is especially difficult, given the long-term effects on health and education. Every region of the country except the West saw increases in rural young child poverty in 2009.

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Technology And Communications Coursework: Facilitating The Progression Of Students With Learning Disabilities Through High School Science And Math Coursework, Dara Shifrer, Rebecca Callahan Sep 2010

Technology And Communications Coursework: Facilitating The Progression Of Students With Learning Disabilities Through High School Science And Math Coursework, Dara Shifrer, Rebecca Callahan

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Students identified with learning disabilities experience markedly lower levels of science and mathematics achievement than students who are not identified with a learning disability. Seemingly compounding their disadvantage, students with learning disabilities also complete more credits in non-core coursework—traditionally considered nonacademic coursework—than students who are not identified with a learning disability. The Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, a large national dataset with both regular and special education high school students, is utilized to determine whether credit accumulation in certain types of non-core coursework, such as technology and communications courses, is associated with improved science and math course taking outcomes for …

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The Effects Of Moral Obligations To Others And Others' Influence On Veterinarians' Attitudes Toward And Recommendations To Utilize Antibiotics In Feedlot Cattle, Jie-Sheng Jan, William Alex Mcintosh, H. Morgan Scott, Wesley Dean Aug 2010

The Effects Of Moral Obligations To Others And Others' Influence On Veterinarians' Attitudes Toward And Recommendations To Utilize Antibiotics In Feedlot Cattle, Jie-Sheng Jan, William Alex Mcintosh, H. Morgan Scott, Wesley Dean

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Decisions to behave in particular ways depend on beliefs, social norms, perceived constraints, and attitudes. Recently, this perspective has been expanded to consider the role of moral obligations in such decisions. Largely ignored are the possible interrelations among moral obligations to significant others and significant others’ influences as they interact to affect decisions. This is of particular interest when a strong moral obligation toward a significant other is associated with strong behavioral expectations by that same significant other. We investigated the interrelations among moral obligations to, and behavioral expectations from, 11 types of significant others in the cattle feeding industry …

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Janet Poppendieck, Free For All: Fixing School Food In America, Cheryl Hudee Aug 2010

Janet Poppendieck, Free For All: Fixing School Food In America, Cheryl Hudee

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Review of Free for All: Fixing School Food in America, by Janet Poppendieck

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The Land Question And Ethnicity In The Darjeeling Hills, Swatahsiddha Sarkar Aug 2010

The Land Question And Ethnicity In The Darjeeling Hills, Swatahsiddha Sarkar

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Although economic factors are often considered as essential for augmenting ethnic movements, the analytic relationship between economic issues and ethnicity is far from being clear cut. In an attempt to address the problem of ethnicity in a non-Marxist theoretical plane, most of the studies on ethnic problems inadvertently indulge such logical inconsistencies. Such a critical reading led us to conceptualize ethnicity as a lived-in category – much like the concepts of class or caste – where both the material and cultural domain of routine life congregates. With the help of a case study of the Gorkhaland movement in the Darjeeling …

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It's Our Most Rural Region; It's The Poorest; It's The Black Belt South; And It Needs Our Attention, Ronald C. Wimberley Aug 2010

It's Our Most Rural Region; It's The Poorest; It's The Black Belt South; And It Needs Our Attention, Ronald C. Wimberley

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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[Un]Common Language: The Corporate Appropriation Of Alternative Agro-Food Frames, Alison E. Adams, Thomas E. Shriver Aug 2010

[Un]Common Language: The Corporate Appropriation Of Alternative Agro-Food Frames, Alison E. Adams, Thomas E. Shriver

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Discourses and arguments regarding our increasingly globalized food system include complicated issues such as sustainability, ethical trade, localized sourcing, and food justice. However, recent research has largely glossed over how broader discursive structures can simultaneously facilitate and hinder social movement action in this area. The purpose of this study is to explore broader trends in public discourse and corporate public relations in the alternative agro-food movement (AAF). We conducted a qualitative discourse analysis to identify how powerful corporate agribusinesses use salient AAF frames in organizational literature. Our findings indicate that corporations are selectively using AAF frames to garner public support …

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Spatial Contours Of Potential Biomass Crop Production: An Examination Of Variations By U.S. Region, Frank M. Howell, Jeremy R. Porter, Philip B. Mason, Troy C. Blanchard Aug 2010

Spatial Contours Of Potential Biomass Crop Production: An Examination Of Variations By U.S. Region, Frank M. Howell, Jeremy R. Porter, Philip B. Mason, Troy C. Blanchard

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The recent and projected status of energy production and consumption in the United States, resulting in substantial dependencies upon foreign oil, has continued to provide pressure on domestic energy security. All told, bio-energy systems, and biomass crop production in particular, will be important elements of national security, economic vitality, and public policy. Using biomass crop estimates based upon models developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Department of Energy (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we identify potential biomass crop production zones using spatial analysis methods. The Midwest and the South are, by far, the largest regions of potential …

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Place Bonding And Trust: The Case Of Feral Hog Management Surrounding Big Thicket National Preserve, Christopher J. Wynveen, Gerard T. Kyle, Gene L. Theodori Aug 2010

Place Bonding And Trust: The Case Of Feral Hog Management Surrounding Big Thicket National Preserve, Christopher J. Wynveen, Gerard T. Kyle, Gene L. Theodori

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The management of feral hogs surrounding the Big Thicket National Preserve (BTNP) in Texas calls for managers and stakeholders to work together to manage resource issues. Research has indicated that place bonding can be a common ground upon which managers and stakeholders develop trust in one another to form a basis for collaborative management. However, such research has not examined the different types of trust (e.g., trust in local managers and trust in an entire agency) that exist. This investigation compared several models of trust and then sought to identify the relationship between place bonding and trust. Data were collected …

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Type Iii Error In Social Problem Solving: Application Of The Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp), Terrence Thomas, Cihat Gunden Aug 2010

Type Iii Error In Social Problem Solving: Application Of The Analytic Hierarchy Process (Ahp), Terrence Thomas, Cihat Gunden

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

A diverse group comprising the University of Georgia, Athens; Tuskegee University; and community based organizations undertook to develop an organization modeled after a federal commission to address persistent poverty in the Black Belt Region (BBR). In spite of objective data describing poverty in the region, each stakeholder viewed the problem differently. As a result, two different legislative initiatives were designed to address the problem. Competition and disagreement among the stakeholders fueled a rush to formulate a solution without first investing sufficient effort to define the right problem. Failure to define the right problem could lead to a Type III error: …

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Amy Trubek, The Taste Of Place: A Cultural Journey Into Terroir, Stacia Falat, Jayson Otto Aug 2010

Amy Trubek, The Taste Of Place: A Cultural Journey Into Terroir, Stacia Falat, Jayson Otto

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Review of The Taste of Place: A Cultural Journey into Terroir, by Amy Trubek

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Preservation Ethics In The Case Of Nebraska's Nationally Registered Historic Properties, Darren Michael Adams Jul 2010

Preservation Ethics In The Case Of Nebraska's Nationally Registered Historic Properties, Darren Michael Adams

Department of Geography: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This dissertation focuses on the National Register of Historic Places and considers the geographical implications of valuing particular historic sites over others. Certain historical sites will either gain or lose desirability from one era to the next, this dissertation identifies and explains three unique preservation ethical eras, and it maps the sites which were selected during those eras. These eras are the Settlement Era (1966–1975), the Commercial Architecture Era (1976–1991), and the Progressive Planning Era (1992–2010). The findings show that transformations in the program included an early phase when state authorities listed historical resources pertaining to the settlement of the …

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Do Scientists Agree About Climate Change? Public Perceptions From A New Hampshire Survey, Lawrence C. Hamilton Jul 2010

Do Scientists Agree About Climate Change? Public Perceptions From A New Hampshire Survey, Lawrence C. Hamilton

Carsey Publications

This report, a collaboration of the Carsey Institute, the UNH Survey Center, and the UNH Office of Sustainability, is the first of a new initiative that will track public perceptions about climate change as they change over time. Questions related to climate change were asked as part of New Hampshire's Granite State Poll, which surveyed 512 New Hampshire residents in April 2010.

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Rural Life Census Data Center Newsletter: South Dakota’S Medically Uninsured, Jake Cummings Jul 2010

Rural Life Census Data Center Newsletter: South Dakota’S Medically Uninsured, Jake Cummings

Census Data Center Newsletter Archive: 2007-2010

The status of our nation’s healthcare system has received a considerable amount of attention, particularly over the past two years. One of the most commonly cited areas of concern among stakeholders, such as the Kaiser Foundation, is the number of uninsured individuals nationwide.
In 2008, the Kaiser Family Foundation stated that the percentage of employers providing health insurance decreased from 69% to 60% (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 2008). Kaiser cited increasing premiums as a primary cause of health coverage being dropped. The Kaiser Foundation added that the uninsured “are four times more likely to delay or forgo needed …

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Finding And Affording Healthy Food In Rural America: Study Results From New Hampshire, Sally Ward Jul 2010

Finding And Affording Healthy Food In Rural America: Study Results From New Hampshire, Sally Ward

Carsey Publications

Carsey Institute Child Nutrition Briefings, Washington, DC

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Rural Participation In Federal Child Nutrition Programs: Two Studies, Barbara Wauchope Jul 2010

Rural Participation In Federal Child Nutrition Programs: Two Studies, Barbara Wauchope

Carsey Publications

Carsey Institute Child Nutrition Briefings, Washington, DC

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Rural Children - Rural Communities, William P. O'Hare Jul 2010

Rural Children - Rural Communities, William P. O'Hare

Carsey Publications

Carsey Institute Child Nutrition Briefings, Washington, DC

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