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Full-Text Articles in Race and Ethnicity
Table Of Contents
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Table of contents for Explorations in Ethnic Studies, Number 18, Issue 1, 1995
Editor's Note Miguel A. Carranza, Miguel A. Carranza
Editor's Note Miguel A. Carranza, Miguel A. Carranza
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This special issue of the journal on the theme of "Ethnicity: Global Perspectives" results from papers presented at the National Association for Ethnic Studies' 22nd annual conference held in March 1994 at Kansas City, Missouri. For the first time the Association's national conference was held in conjunction with the annual conference of another organization, the Central States Anthropological Society. Under the able guidance of conference co-organizers, Harriet and Marty Ottenheimer, the meeting was an outstanding success both in attendance and active participation. Fortunately, Harriet graciously agreed to be the editor of this special issue.
Gang Innovation, Patriarchy And Powerlessness : Expanding Theory To Relfect [Reflect] American Politics, Theresa A. Martinez
Gang Innovation, Patriarchy And Powerlessness : Expanding Theory To Relfect [Reflect] American Politics, Theresa A. Martinez
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
When cities grew large enough to develop slums, gangs began to form. The heritage of gang behavior is poverty and its children: abuse, alcoholism, and drug addiction, to name a few. Today we are facing a problem of major proportions in our cities. Gang membership is seemingly growing with no end in sight, and a beleaguered nation, a struggling city, the mother of a gang member all ask: Why? There are probably several answers and more questions. This paper is an attempt to understand the problem of gang delinquency by utilizing already existing theory. Robert Merton's Strain Theory lends itself …
Editor's Note, Miguel A. Carranza
Editor's Note, Miguel A. Carranza
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The articles found in this issue of Explorations in Ethnic Studies focus on a wide variety of topics. The first article by E. San Juan, Jr. challenges Ethnic Studies scholars to reassess the principles and goals of the discipline. Utilizing the experience of Asians in U.S. history, San Juan, Jr. highlights flaws in the pluralistic focus of culture that is separate and apart from the economic and political contexts of minority/majority power relationships. He contends that ethnic studies scholars need to critically address the problem of power, the knowledge it produces and that legitimates the misuse and abuse of such …
The Spectacle Of The Invisible: Sephardic Jewish Identity In Multicultural Education, Judea Alhadeff
The Spectacle Of The Invisible: Sephardic Jewish Identity In Multicultural Education, Judea Alhadeff
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This study assesses from a North American Sephardic (Spanish-Jewish) perspective, the ambiguous relationships among Jews, "people of color," and definitions of "whiteness" in order to re-evaluate multicultural education in the United States. My intent is not to polarize multiple cultural identities but to illuminate and clarify differences in Jewish histories, identities, and cultures. The assumption that all Jews are and can pass as white, and therefore "have privilege," denies the complexities of racism, anti-Semitism, whiteness, assimilation, and multiculturalism. In a world where hierarchical divisions narrowly define our perceptions, our relations to power, and our multiple identities, Sephardic non-white Jews are …
The Global Resurgence Of Ethnicity: An Inquiry Into The Sociology Of Ideological Discontent, Kasturi Dasgupta
The Global Resurgence Of Ethnicity: An Inquiry Into The Sociology Of Ideological Discontent, Kasturi Dasgupta
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This essay takes the position that global resurgence of ethnic hostilities can be seen as a manifestation of discontent with the proclaimed national ideologies. The breakdown in the conviction that adherence to an ideology and the application of a related social agenda would ameliorate the critically felt ills of a society, has resulted in the redirection of frustrations towards scapegoat minorities. Whether the ideology has been democratic secularism or socialism, the inability to "deliver the cargo" of economic and social well being, political stabliltiy[stability] has proven to be a direct indictment against the ideology itself. And, like opportunistic diseases, ethnic …
Political Consciousness As A Component Of Black Consciousness In Brazil: Its Presence In The Popular Media, David Covin
Political Consciousness As A Component Of Black Consciousness In Brazil: Its Presence In The Popular Media, David Covin
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The purpose of this paper is to describe the extent to which political consciousness may be found as a component of Black consciousness within a sampling of the Brazilian popular press, and to suggest some significance of that description for the political lives af[of] Afro-Brazilians. In the first section the paper identifies the popular press reviewed and examines the relationship between the popular press and the Afro-Brazilian population. Next, the relationship between Black consciousness and Black political consciousness is discussed, including the significance of that relationship for this paper. It examines the role of the cultural question in some detail. …
Pan-Arabism V. Pan-Africanism In The Sudan: The Crisis Of Divergent Ethnic Ideologies, Jonathan Majak
Pan-Arabism V. Pan-Africanism In The Sudan: The Crisis Of Divergent Ethnic Ideologies, Jonathan Majak
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This article examines the nature and the extent of political and cultural conflict between Northern and Southern Sudanese. It describes and analyzes various attempts by Arab dominated regimes in the Sudan, since independence from Britain, to achieve national intergration[integration] through Pan-Arabist policies that seek to Islamize and Arabize the African and largely Christian South. The current military regime dominated by Muslim fundamentalists is trying to turn the Sudan into an Islamic republic. Not only has this brought about a civil war, but it has also alienated other Muslims in the North who favor a secular government.
The Afrocentric Project: The Quest For Particularity And The Negation Of Objectivity, John Mcclendon
The Afrocentric Project: The Quest For Particularity And The Negation Of Objectivity, John Mcclendon
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This article is a philosophical critique of a very controversial paradigm within Africana Studies. The methodology employed in this paper is a philosophical critique of the epistemological and ontological underpinnings of Afrocentricity. The quest for a distinctive (metaphysical) Africanist perspective has cast Afrocentricity as a subjectivist approach to affirming the integrity of an Africana existential condition. While in the course of African American intellectual history a number of scholars and thinkers have supported the notion of an unique Black metaphysics, Afrocentricity brings to the table a particular approach to the tradition of affirming an African metaphysical exclusivism. What I mean …
Contributors
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Notes on contributors to Explorations in Ethnic Studies, Volume 18, Issue 1, 1995
Beyond Ethnicity: Toward A Critique Of The Hegemonic Discipline E. San Juan, Jr., E. San Juan Jr.
Beyond Ethnicity: Toward A Critique Of The Hegemonic Discipline E. San Juan, Jr., E. San Juan Jr.
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
With the current vogue of multiculturalism and cultural diversity requirements as panacea for systemic problems, scholars and teachers of Ethnic Studies need to reassess the principles and goals of their discipline. Los Angeles 1992, among other developments, has exposed the serious inadequacies of old paradigms. A review of the racialized history of Asians in U.S. society, a narrative of oppression and opposition now mystified by the model minority myth, allows us to grasp the flaws of the liberal pluralist focus on culture divorced from the political and economic contexts of unequal power relations. Ultimately, for whom is Ethnic Studies designed? …
Table Of Contents
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Table of contents for Explorations in Ethnic Studies, Number 18, Issue 2, 1995
Explorations In Ethnic Studies
Explorations In Ethnic Studies
The Pan-African Movement And American Black Political Fiction, 1920s To 1950s: Themes Of Alienation, Calvin E. Harris
The Pan-African Movement And American Black Political Fiction, 1920s To 1950s: Themes Of Alienation, Calvin E. Harris
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This paper focuses on the role of the writer as a social activist. Accordingly, I examine novelist/essayists who published during the Harlem Renaissance period 1920 to 1930 and in some cases beyond. I am interested in part in the Pan-African movement as it impacted on this era of Afro-American history. The central question explored is what are some of the dynamics that exist between the writer, movement elites, movement rank-in-file, and the broader Afro-American community? The central focus is on the kind of interactions that take place between the writer as a political activist, movement elites, and movement activists. The …
From Tribal To Ethnic Identity: The Transformation Of Ethnic Ideologies, Sudha Ratan
From Tribal To Ethnic Identity: The Transformation Of Ethnic Ideologies, Sudha Ratan
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This paper examines the political mobilization of tribal identities in north-eastern India. Using examples from Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh, the paper suggests that more attention needs to be paid to domestic politics within the Indian state which have contributed to the mobilization of tribal peoples into highly politicized ethnic groups. The paper will explore the impact of government policies in these hill states and the role of political elites in such mobilization.
Cemetery Squatting And Anti-Chinese Tensions: Insights From Central Java, Daniel Garr
Cemetery Squatting And Anti-Chinese Tensions: Insights From Central Java, Daniel Garr
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Over the centuries, the Chinese minority in Indonesia has lived in an environment characterized by social tensions. This paper will explore Chinese-Javanese relations in the microcosm of a Javanese squatter settlement that has invaded a Chinese cemetery. Four issues will be considered which will illustrate the nature of long-standing tensions between these two ethnic groups: 1) the manner in which informal sector housing is developed; 2) economic attitudes of the Javanese with respect to the Chinese; 3) the relationship of the Chinese to law and authority and how conflict resolution is approached ; and 4) the linguistic context of Chinese-Javanese …
Language And Identity: Limonese Creole And The Black Minority Of Costa Rica, Anita Herzfeld
Language And Identity: Limonese Creole And The Black Minority Of Costa Rica, Anita Herzfeld
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Given the general connection between the development of nationalism and linguistic uniformity, the existence of multilingualism and ethnic diversity in a country is a complex problem. Limonese Creole is the language spoken by a Black minority of approximately 30,000 people who have lived in predominantly white and Spanish-speaking Costa Rica for over 400 years. The Limon Province, where this group resides, is markedly distinguishable from the rest in terms of its geography, history, population, economy, language, and culture. This paper seeks to present the development of ethnic relations and language in that area. History shows that either harmonious bilingualism or …
Eating Attitudes Of Native American And African American Women: Differences By Race And Acculturation, Lise L. Osvold, Gargi Roysircar Sodowsky
Eating Attitudes Of Native American And African American Women: Differences By Race And Acculturation, Lise L. Osvold, Gargi Roysircar Sodowsky
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Thirty-tour Native American and twenty-eight African American women responded to eating disorders and acculturation measures. African Americans appeared to have greater concern about their body weight and shape than Native Americans. Among all, those who were more acculturated to the U.S. white culture reported more concerns than those who were less acculturated. Also, normal weight women tended to have higher anorexia scores than overweight women as well as a diagnosed anorexic group. Open-ended questions elicited feelings about U.S. symbols of beauty, one's physical self, and usage of standard English. The conceptualization of acculturation to white society and acculturative stress is …
"No Certain Way To Tell Japanese From Chinese": Racist Statements And The Marking Of Difference, M.K. Johnson
"No Certain Way To Tell Japanese From Chinese": Racist Statements And The Marking Of Difference, M.K. Johnson
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
After the 1941 Japanese attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, a series of articles appeared simultaneously in American magazines. A 22 December 1941 article in Time gives advice to its Caucasian readers on "How To Tell Your Friends From the Japs," as does an article in Life magazine entitled "How To Tell Japs From the Chinese." From the perspective of the late twentieth century, the racism of these texts seems obvious. At the time of their appearance, how did this racism remain unmarked? This paper has two purposes: the first, examining the way racist statements about people …
Introduction, Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer
Introduction, Harriet Joseph Ottenheimer
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
The papers in this volume represent some of the best current scholarship on questions of ethnicity. All of them were first presented at the 1994 annual meeting of the National Association for Ethnic Studies, held in Kansas City, Missouri. With the announced theme of Ethnicity: Global Perspectives, the conference attracted scholars from many disciplines and many countries. Presentations were selected to reflect both global perspectives on ethnicity, and examples of emerging ethnic identities around the globe. The interdependence of local and global issues emerged repeatedly and became a foundational theme in many of the sessions.
Contributors
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Notes on contributors to Explorations in Ethnic Studies, Volume 18, Issue 2, 1995
Welfare Policies And Racial Stereotypes: The Structural Construction Of A Model Minority, Mary E. Kelsey
Welfare Policies And Racial Stereotypes: The Structural Construction Of A Model Minority, Mary E. Kelsey
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Whereas the economic mobility observed among Asian Americans is often attributed to their cultural values, this article demonstrates the importance of state aid to the economic mobility of a community of Southeast Asian refugees living in California. Using data from a lengthy ethnographic study of rural Laotian refugees, the content and administration of social welfare programs offered political refugees is contrasted with the social policies extended toward other poor communities. As variations in social policies can constrain or facilitate economic mobility, the concrete impact of welfare state policies on different ethnic communities is a topic in need of further exploration.
Explorations In Ethnic Studies
Writing The Oral Tradition: Leslie Marmon Silko's Storyteller, Susan L. Rockwell
Writing The Oral Tradition: Leslie Marmon Silko's Storyteller, Susan L. Rockwell
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
Scholars of oral traditions hold differing views regarding the viability of transcribing the oral to the written. This paper demonstrates that Leslie Marmon Silko is transcribing, and thus preserving, oral culture of the Native American in her book Storyteller. Through a close reading of the poem "Aunt Susie had certain phrases," Silko's attempts to convert the oral to the printed word without losing the nuances and vitality of the spoken word are analyzed. The analysis reveals that the required elements of a traditional oral performance (i.e., opening and closing narrative frames, verbal asides, repetition, emphasis on ritual and traditions) are …
Frozen In Place: European American Ideologies And The Inuit, Douglas J. Buege
Frozen In Place: European American Ideologies And The Inuit, Douglas J. Buege
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
It has been claimed by Hugh Brody that European Americans maintain strong ideological connections between Inuit people and the Arctic environments they inhabit. I expand upon this claim, giving three primary ideological connections that tie the Inuit directly to their environments. These are termed the natural, temporal, and material connections. Textual examples are given to illustrate each type of connection. I also show how each ideological connection serves to disempower the Inuit by situating them within the confines of "nature" while empowering European American patriarchs who conceive themselves as existing "outside of" or "beyond" nature. These three connections, working together …
Explorations In Ethnic Studies
A History Of Race Relations Social Science, Vernon J. Williams Jr.
A History Of Race Relations Social Science, Vernon J. Williams Jr.
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This essay argues that the inclusion of white women, African Americans, Asian Americans, and American Indians into historiography is a fairly recent development ; and that the aforementioned development, which did not begin until the 1960s, has resulted in rigorous investigation into the racial thought of Franz Uri Boas, Robert Ezra Park, and Gunnar Myrdal and a hot debate in reference to their significance and influence on today's social sciences. Furthermore, the integration of African American history into the historiography of race relations social science has given impetus to the movement towards making American intellectual history more inclusive.
From Scholarship Girls To Scholarship Women: Surviving The Contradictions Of Class And Race In Academe, Gloria H. Cuadraz, Jennifer L. Pierce
From Scholarship Girls To Scholarship Women: Surviving The Contradictions Of Class And Race In Academe, Gloria H. Cuadraz, Jennifer L. Pierce
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This article explores the dilemmas graduate education poses for women of working-class origin who come from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. It proceeds in a chronological narrative using examples from the authors' personal experiences to make general points about how the intricate web of class, race, and gender relations shaped their experiences in higher education. Both women -- Cucidraz, a Chicana, and Pierce, a white woman -- struggle with the feelings of alienation and marginality as outsiders within the academy as well as their material needs for financial support. Their personal narratives reveal, as well, how race shapes their experiences …
Editor's Note Miguel A.Carranza, Miguel A. Carranza
Editor's Note Miguel A.Carranza, Miguel A. Carranza
Explorations in Ethnic Studies
This issue of the journal has a wide variety of articles dealing with multiple dimensions of ethnicity. The first article by Arthur S. Evans, Jr. and Sara Torres focuses on the perceptions of domestic abuse among Mexican American and Anglo American women. More importantly, the paper deals with the role culture plays in the perception, definition, and interpretation of domestic abuse issues.