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Articles 91 - 120 of 192
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health
Capacity Building: Creating A Culture Of Evidence-Based Decisionmaking, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Capacity Building: Creating A Culture Of Evidence-Based Decisionmaking, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
For research to have significant impact, it is important to have not only trained individuals and institutions capable of conducting research, but also program managers and donors who believe in making decisions based on evidence. The focus on fostering research utilization through capacity building has been a major contribution of the FRONTIERS legacy. The FRONTIERS capacity-building initiative began in 1999 in response to the need for developing-country partners and institutions to conduct research, understand study findings, and develop policies and programs based on evidence. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing major lessons learned in research conducted under the …
Youth Reproductive Health: Investing In The Future, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Youth Reproductive Health: Investing In The Future, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Youth—young people aged 10–24—constitute about a quarter of the world's population. Nearly three-quarters of these young people live in the developing world, and they suffer a disproportionate share of unplanned pregnancies, STIs including HIV, and other reproductive health (RH) problems. Research undertaken by FRONTIERS has shed light on numerous aspects of youth RH, including the information needs of young people, married adolescents, and parents and guardians. Findings from over 20 studies on youth RH provide important lessons about which interventions are effective, what kind of impact is possible, and what approaches have limited impact. This paper focuses on engaging all …
Implementation Of Maternal Health Financial Scheme In Rural Bangladesh, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Ubaidur Rob, Tasnima Kibria
Implementation Of Maternal Health Financial Scheme In Rural Bangladesh, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Ubaidur Rob, Tasnima Kibria
Reproductive Health
The maternal mortality ratio in Bangladesh has declined from more than 600 per 100,000 live births in 1980 to 322 in 2004, yet it is still unacceptably high. Economic barriers are an important factor in deterring pregnant women from seeking services at health facilities. To achieve the country’s Millennium Development Goal of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to 143 by 2015, the Population Council conducted an operations research study to test the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing an innovative model of health care financing to increase utilization of maternal health services by poor, rural women. As this report notes, “Voucher …
Operational Research For The Introduction Of An Adolescent Health Package In The Context Of Cervical Cancer Prevention, Marieke G. Van Dijk, Katherine Wilson, Claudia Diaz, Sandra G. Garcia
Operational Research For The Introduction Of An Adolescent Health Package In The Context Of Cervical Cancer Prevention, Marieke G. Van Dijk, Katherine Wilson, Claudia Diaz, Sandra G. Garcia
Reproductive Health
This report provides findings from a WHO/PAHO/UNFPA meeting that took place in Mexico City in 2009. Participants discussed a proposed operational research study on adolescent health and cervical cancer prevention that would help support countries that have already made or will soon make a policy decision to introduce the HPV vaccine. Adolescents typically have little contact with health services, particularly for immunization programs. Since new HPV vaccines target adolescent girls, the introduction of HPV vaccines may provide an opportunity for adolescents to engage more with health services and this may create openings to offer packages of adolescent health services that …
Mainstreaming Ec In Africa: The Ec Facilitative Re-Granting Program—Final Narrative Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Youmane Niang Faye, Victoria Rumbold
Mainstreaming Ec In Africa: The Ec Facilitative Re-Granting Program—Final Narrative Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Youmane Niang Faye, Victoria Rumbold
Reproductive Health
Since 2006, ECafrique has been working to build the capacity of African nongovernmental organizations to design, implement, and evaluate successful emergency contraception (EC) mainstreaming projects. Through a process of “facilitative regranting,” ECafrique annually awarded nine grants ranging from $25,000 to $30,000 to organizations from across Anglophone and Francophone Africa. The program’s objectives were to increase access to EC across Africa by supporting projects intended to introduce, scale up, or mainstream the method, and build the capacity of African NGOs to design, implement, and evaluate successful EC mainstreaming projects. Each grantee participated in an international proposal development workshop and received individualized …
Special Needs Of In-School Hiv Positive Young People In Uganda, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire, Hannington Nkayivu, Aggrey David Kibenge
Special Needs Of In-School Hiv Positive Young People In Uganda, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire, Hannington Nkayivu, Aggrey David Kibenge
Reproductive Health
Since 2006, the Population Council has pioneered operations research in collaboration with local partners in Uganda to promote the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people aged 10–19 years infected with HIV. Key findings show that many young people perinatally infected with HIV want to be in school to avoid social isolation, and about 70 percent of them attend school. However, there has been limited understanding of how the education sector should support this vulnerable group of learners. The objective of this study was to explore the special needs of HIV-positive young people in primary and secondary schools …
Standards Required In Maintaining The Chain Of Evidence In The Context Of Post Rape Care Services: Findings Of A Study Conducted In Kenya, Carol Ajema, Emily Rogena, Hadley Muchela, Buluma Bwire, Nduku Kilonzo
Standards Required In Maintaining The Chain Of Evidence In The Context Of Post Rape Care Services: Findings Of A Study Conducted In Kenya, Carol Ajema, Emily Rogena, Hadley Muchela, Buluma Bwire, Nduku Kilonzo
Reproductive Health
Sexual violence (SV) is a serious societal problem that creates significant challenges to local communities in their attempt to create an overall plan for meeting the medical, emotional, physical safety, and legal needs of SV survivors. It is important to understand the existing links between the health sector and police as a basis for addressing the complexities surrounding SV. Appropriate management of SV survivors requires a standardized clinical evaluation, an effective interface with law enforcement for the handling of forensic evidence, and coordination of the continuum of care. From the public health perspective, the issues to be addressed revolve around …
Improving The Health Care Response To Gender-Based Violence: Phase Ii, Meiwita P. Budiharsana, Mai Quoc Tung
Improving The Health Care Response To Gender-Based Violence: Phase Ii, Meiwita P. Budiharsana, Mai Quoc Tung
Reproductive Health
In 2009, the Population Council/Vietnam in collaboration with the Hanoi Health Service carried out an evaluation survey among Duc Giang Hospital staff to assess the extent to which awareness and perceptions of gender-based violence (GBV) had changed since the project commenced in 2005. The survey also assessed the extent to which the response of the hospital and Women’s Center for Counseling and Health had been strengthened, and made recommendations on changes to improve the situation. Overall, this project has been effective in raising awareness and willingness to integrate GBV screening into health services. The project conducted its training program at …
Manual For Designing Community Based Interventions For Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage (Pph) Using Misoprostol: Standardized Pilot-Test Training Manual, Saumya Ramarao, Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Sarah Raifman
Manual For Designing Community Based Interventions For Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage (Pph) Using Misoprostol: Standardized Pilot-Test Training Manual, Saumya Ramarao, Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Sarah Raifman
Reproductive Health
This manual is a comprehensive, standardized, step-by-step guide for Population Council staff to use when designing and implementing community-based pilot interventions for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage using misoprostol. The introduction and background section provide basic information about maternal mortality, normal and abnormal pregnancy, and postpartum hemorrhage. This section also describes prevailing methods of prevention and treatment for postpartum hemorrhage, active management of the third stage of labor, and use of misoprostol for the prevention and control of postpartum hemorrhage. The second half of the manual focuses on how to develop a protocol for an intervention study on misoprostol. It …
Sexual Violence: Setting The Research Agenda For Kenya, Catherine Maternowska, Jill Keesbury, Nduku Kilonzo
Sexual Violence: Setting The Research Agenda For Kenya, Catherine Maternowska, Jill Keesbury, Nduku Kilonzo
Reproductive Health
This research agenda is the result of a stakeholders’ meeting held in Nairobi on June 11–12, 2008, that identified, developed, and prioritized areas for research on sexual violence in Kenya. The meeting was convened by the Population Council, Liverpool VCT, Care & Treatment, and the International Centre of Reproductive Health, Kenya. Kenya’s research agenda is premised on the need to generate the evidence required to impact policy formulation and services strengthening. Knowledge gaps that form the basis of key research areas identified include the need to: 1) Understand the nature, contexts, and prevalence of sexual violence; 2) Document and evaluate …
Multi-Sectoral Approaches To Preventing Sexual Assault And Domestic Violence: A Collective Force To Stop The Violence, Population Council
Multi-Sectoral Approaches To Preventing Sexual Assault And Domestic Violence: A Collective Force To Stop The Violence, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The Multi-Sectoral Approaches to Preventing Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Symposium took place May 6–7, 2009, in Gauteng, South Africa. The symposium aimed to: increase awareness of sexual assault and domestic violence and its relationship to HIV and AIDS among decision-makers; promote evidence-based programming for practitioners; advocate for increased preventative measures and service delivery around sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in the public and private sectors; facilitate networking, strengthen and develop partnerships, and create opportunities for ongoing collaboration between key stakeholders; and inspire a coordinated plan of action for prevention that supports the government’s 365-day plan. South Africa has some …
Ecp Handbook: Introducing And Mainstreaming The Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills In Developing Countries, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold
Ecp Handbook: Introducing And Mainstreaming The Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills In Developing Countries, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold
Reproductive Health
For many women, emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) offer an opportunity to prevent unintended pregnancy following contraceptive method failure, rape, or unprotected sex. Access to this safe, effective option remains an essential element of women’s quality reproductive health care. However, ECPs remain inaccessible across much of the world, particularly in developing countries where limited commodity supplies, provider competency, public awareness, and misinformation routinely coalesce to restrict availability. While ECPs have been introduced on a pilot basis in many countries, their effective integration into both the public and private sectors has lagged. Successful interventions are guided by the principle that provision of …
Reference Guides For Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation For High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services, Patricia Riveros, Erica Palenque, Ricardo Vernon, Ignacio Carreno, John H. Bratt
Reference Guides For Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation For High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services, Patricia Riveros, Erica Palenque, Ricardo Vernon, Ignacio Carreno, John H. Bratt
Reproductive Health
Bolivia’s Integral Health Coordination Program (PROCOSI), a network of 33 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) providing reproductive health care, has long promoted gender sensitivity as a necessary component of high-quality health care. PROCOSI encourages member NGOs to address gender-based differences in roles, relationships, access to services, and service needs in their reproductive health programs. The Reference Guides in this publication provide guidance to help health-care organizations and NGOs implement high-quality, gender-sensitive standards to achieve certification for their member clinics and administrative centers. The procedures and standards included here are based on the process developed by PROCOSI, but the approach and standards can …
Reference Guides For Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation For High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services—Appendixes, Patricia Riveros, Erica Palenque, Ricardo Vernon, Ignacio Carreno, John H. Bratt
Reference Guides For Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation For High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services—Appendixes, Patricia Riveros, Erica Palenque, Ricardo Vernon, Ignacio Carreno, John H. Bratt
Reproductive Health
Bolivia’s Integral Health Coordination Program (PROCOSI), a network of 33 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) providing reproductive health care, has long promoted gender sensitivity as a necessary component of high-quality health care. PROCOSI encourages member NGOs to address gender-based differences in roles, relationships, access to services, and service needs in their reproductive health programs. Included in this document are the Appendixes to “The Reference Guides for Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation for High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services,” which provide guidance to help health-care organizations and NGOs implement high-quality, gender-sensitive standards to achieve certification for their member clinics and administrative centers. The procedures …
Mainstreaming Emergency Contraception In Kenya: Final Project Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Francis Obare, Paul Kuria
Mainstreaming Emergency Contraception In Kenya: Final Project Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Francis Obare, Paul Kuria
Reproductive Health
For more than a decade, advocates have sought to improve access to emergency contraception (EC) around the world. These efforts have been highly successful in Europe and North America, have generated much debate in Latin America, and are beginning to take hold in Asia. In Africa, however, the success of EC programs remains limited. Even in countries where the regulatory environment is favorable, resource constraints within the public sector limit the ability to provide consistent and quality EC services at low cost. In a growing number of African countries, the private sector has emerged to fill these gaps, increasing access …
An Assessment Of Sexual And Gender Based Violence In Wajir District, North Eastern Kenya, Gladys K. Mwangi, Guyo W. Jaldesa
An Assessment Of Sexual And Gender Based Violence In Wajir District, North Eastern Kenya, Gladys K. Mwangi, Guyo W. Jaldesa
Reproductive Health
A 2006 baseline survey conducted by CARE Kenya indicated that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is widespread throughout Kenya’s North Eastern Province. Other findings revealed that high levels of stigma and gender imbalances are associated with sexual violence and female genital mutilation (FGM) and that a coordinated approach to responding to the service needs of survivors is missing. As noted in this report, there is limited awareness of the legal mechanisms available to survivors. The Population Council’s study in Wajir District ascertained the need for and possible components of an integrated and comprehensive services model that could meet the needs …
Meeting The Family Planning Needs Of Postpartum Women, Ricardo Vernon
Meeting The Family Planning Needs Of Postpartum Women, Ricardo Vernon
Reproductive Health
The first days, weeks, and months after a delivery represent a period of substantial information and service needs for both mother and child, including treatment of hemorrhage and infections, breastfeeding information and support, nutritional complements and micronutrients, immunizations for children and mothers, counseling for managing intimate partner violence and depression, and, most importantly, contraception. In areas of high HIV prevalence, contraceptives and antiretroviral therapy are especially critical elements of postpartum care. Yet despite its strategic importance, few organizations have made it a priority to address women's reproductive health and fertility needs during the year following delivery. The situation is compounded …
Manual For Building Capacity Of Trainers And Program Managers In Emergency Contraception, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Mary Philip Sebastian, Sohini Roychowdhury
Manual For Building Capacity Of Trainers And Program Managers In Emergency Contraception, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Mary Philip Sebastian, Sohini Roychowdhury
Reproductive Health
This manual equips trainers with appropriate knowledge on emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). Emergency contraception (EC) refers to any method of contraception that can be used by a woman to prevent an unwanted pregnancy within three days of unprotected intercourse or a contraceptive accident such as condom leakage. This manual discusses ECPs and the provision of related services. After a day’s training, trainers have the knowledge and skills necessary to train service providers and workers on ECPs. The manual is divided into four sessions. The first provides an overview of the demographic and reproductive health (RH) situation in South and South …
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua: Promoting Family Planning During The Postpartum Period Can Increase Contraceptive Acceptance, Population Council
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua: Promoting Family Planning During The Postpartum Period Can Increase Contraceptive Acceptance, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The World Health Organization recommends that women receive information on family planning (FP) during antenatal care (ANC), immediately after birth, and during postpartum and well-baby care. However, few studies have assessed the effect of information during each of these stages on women’s use of contraceptive methods. Data collected by FRONTIERS in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua have been analyzed to answer this question. Use of maternal care services, exposure to FP information, and use of postpartum contraception varies among countries. All women interviewed in the Dominican Republic attended ANC services and delivered in a facility; ANC use and institutional …
Sexual And Reproductive Health Needs Of Adolescents Perinatally Infected With Hiv In Uganda, Harriet Birungi, John Frank Mugisha, Juliana K. Nyombi, Francis Obare, Humphres Evelia, Hannington Nyinkavu
Sexual And Reproductive Health Needs Of Adolescents Perinatally Infected With Hiv In Uganda, Harriet Birungi, John Frank Mugisha, Juliana K. Nyombi, Francis Obare, Humphres Evelia, Hannington Nyinkavu
Reproductive Health
In Uganda, HIV/AIDS treatment, care and support programs are still organized around either adult or pediatric care and fail to adequately address the needs of adolescents, specifically perinatally-infected adolescents. This study, implemented jointly by the Population Council's Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program and the AIDS Support Organization (TASO), aimed to better understand the reproductive health and sexuality of this population group, and to identify anxieties or fears they have around entering social stages of adulthood. This study confirms that wide programmatic gaps exist in addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of young people perinatally infected with HIV who …
South Africa: Integrated Approach Improves Quality Of Post-Rape Care, Population Council
South Africa: Integrated Approach Improves Quality Of Post-Rape Care, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In South Africa, an integrated model for post-rape care by nurses in a rural district hospital, which included a designated room for medical management and guidelines for providing reproductive health and HIV services, improved the quality of care provided. However, nurses remained reluctant to collect forensic evidence that could be used for prosecuting perpetrators. South Africa has developed a strong policy framework outlining medical management of rape survivors, which includes provision of HIV testing and post-exposure prophylaxis and emergency contraception, ideally within 72 hours. However, implementation has been hampered by numerous obstacles, both in health care infrastructure and policy, and …
Introducing Systematic Screening To Reduce Unmet Health Needs: A Manager's Manual, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Emma Ottolenghi
Introducing Systematic Screening To Reduce Unmet Health Needs: A Manager's Manual, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Emma Ottolenghi
Reproductive Health
This manual is designed to help program decision-makers, managers, supervisors, and providers introduce systematic screening in their health services. Systematic screening can improve women’s health by addressing multiple unmet needs for reproductive and other health services. This manual provides: activities necessary to implement systematic screening; how to select facilities, services to screen for, and who will screen; systematic screening checklist development, adaptation, and pretesting; advice for training screeners/providers and supervisors and an outline of a generic training agenda. The manual’s contents may be adapted to reflect local, national, or programmatic health priorities and resources as well as to promote the …
Bolivia: A Gender Focus In Service Delivery Improves Quality Of Care, Population Council
Bolivia: A Gender Focus In Service Delivery Improves Quality Of Care, Population Council
Reproductive Health
A program to operationalize and institutionalize a gender perspective in reproductive health services in Bolivia resulted in a significant reduction in unmet need for contraception, increased client satisfaction, and improved communication between partners. Bolivia’s Integral Health Coordination Program (PROCOSI) encourages member NGOs to address gender-based differences in roles, relationships, access to services, and service needs in their RH programs. In 2005, FRONTIERS collaborated with PROCOSI to test the feasibility and costs of a system for certifying that its member organizations provided gender-sensitive RH services. The two-year project followed a 2000 intervention to incorporate gender perspectives in PROCOSI clinics that led …
L’Introduction De L’Identification Systématique Pour Réduire Les Besoins Non Satisfaits En Santé : Manuel Du Manager, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Emma Ottolenghi
L’Introduction De L’Identification Systématique Pour Réduire Les Besoins Non Satisfaits En Santé : Manuel Du Manager, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Emma Ottolenghi
Reproductive Health
Ce manuel est conçu pour aider les décideurs, les gestionnaires, les superviseurs et les prestataires de programmes à introduire le dépistage systématique dans leurs services de santé. Le dépistage systématique peut améliorer la santé des femmes en répondant à de multiples besoins non satisfaits en matière de services de santé reproductive et autres. Ce manuel fournit : les activités nécessaires à la mise en œuvre du dépistage systématique ; comment sélectionner les installations, les services à dépister et qui sera dépisté ; l'élaboration, l'adaptation et le prétest systématiques d'une liste de contrôle de dépistage ; des conseils pour les agents …
Burkina Faso: Political Will, Law Enforcement, And Educational Campaigns Appear To Be Reducing Fgm/C, Population Council
Burkina Faso: Political Will, Law Enforcement, And Educational Campaigns Appear To Be Reducing Fgm/C, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In 2006, FRONTIERS collaborated with the National Committee Against the Practice of FGM/C on an analysis of recent trends in female genital mutilation/circumcision (FGM/C) in rural and urban Burkina Faso. The study, conducted to help develop policies and programs for FGM/C abandonment in Burkina Faso and more widely in Africa, had three components: a description of the institutional, political, and programmatic environment in Burkina; a secondary analysis of data from existing studies; and an assessment of the community’s perceptions and behavior regarding FGM/C, as well as the factors that contribute to abandonment or continuation of the practice. For the policy …
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua: Women Living With Hiv Have Unmet Family Planning Needs, Population Council
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua: Women Living With Hiv Have Unmet Family Planning Needs, Population Council
Reproductive Health
Women living with HIV in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua are marginalized in many ways, including their access to family planning (FP) services. Making FP services accessible to persons living with HIV (PLWH) is one of four key strategies that WHO promotes in its comprehensive approach to prevent HIV infections in infants and young children. This strategy also increases the coverage and quality of FP services among a population commonly underserved and at high risk of unplanned pregnancy. Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy in many developing countries has improved the life expectancies and health of many PLWH who are …
Kenya: Training Can Enhance Providers' Management Of Fgm/C And Willingness To Advocate Against The Practice, Population Council
Kenya: Training Can Enhance Providers' Management Of Fgm/C And Willingness To Advocate Against The Practice, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In 2004, FRONTIERS collaborated with UNICEF on a study of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Kenya’s Somali community and on ways of managing maternal care for cut women. The study showed that the health-care system in North Eastern Province, where many Somalis live, is ill prepared to deal with women who have been cut, particularly infibulated women who are pregnant or delivering. The study recommended improving providers’ ability to counsel and treat pregnant cut women as part of an overall improvement of maternal care, and strengthening providers’ role as behavior change agents within communities. In 2005, FRONTIERS launched an intervention …
Malaria In Pregnancy Pilot Projects Nationally Adopted In Kenya And Malawi, Population Council
Malaria In Pregnancy Pilot Projects Nationally Adopted In Kenya And Malawi, Population Council
Reproductive Health
Kenya and Malawi have developed national policies to prevent malaria in pregnancy. Measures to prevent malaria among antenatal clients were shown to be sustainable several years after pilot interventions ended. In Malawi, the approach has been expanded nationwide. In most malaria-endemic areas of Africa, women in their first and second pregnancies have the highest risk of acquiring malaria and, consequently, of malaria-associated anemia and low birth-weight. Two USAID-funded interventions aimed at strengthening the prevention and management of malaria in pregnancy were pilot-tested at the district level in Kenya (1998–2002) and Malawi (1998–2004). As noted in this brief, the goal was …
Senegal: Education And Public Declarations Contribute To Tostan's Success, Population Council
Senegal: Education And Public Declarations Contribute To Tostan's Success, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In 1998, the nongovernmental organization Tostan implemented a village empowerment program in southern and western Senegal to help communities, especially women, improve living and health conditions in their villages, and to mobilize villages to hold public declarations supporting abandonment of harmful practices, particularly female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and child marriage. The program included modules on hygiene, literacy and numeracy, human rights, and children’s and women’s health. The Tostan approach has since been implemented more broadly in Senegal and in Burkina Faso, Guinea, and Sudan. In 2005–06, FRONTIERS evaluated the long-term impact of the program, focusing on the abandonment of FGM/C …
Kenya: Islamic Scholars Find No Religious Justification For Fgm/C, Population Council
Kenya: Islamic Scholars Find No Religious Justification For Fgm/C, Population Council
Reproductive Health
In 2004, FRONTIERS undertook a study on the cultural basis of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) in Kenya’s Somali community. The study showed universal support for FGM/C, and indicated that one of the major justifications is the perception that Islam requires female as well as male genital cutting. Interviews with informants showed that belief in the religious justification overrides arguments about the health and human rights aspects and the knowledge that it is illegal in Kenya. In 2005, FRONTIERS launched an intervention to engage the community in discussions about FGM/C to clarify the religious position. FRONTIERS arranged symposia involving …