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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 1274

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health

Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 2: The Interventions, Abdul Wajid, Zakir Hussain Shah, Ashfa Hashmi, Zeba Tasneem, Lubna Shireen Jan 2006

Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 2: The Interventions, Abdul Wajid, Zakir Hussain Shah, Ashfa Hashmi, Zeba Tasneem, Lubna Shireen

Reproductive Health

The Safe Motherhood Applied Research and Training (SMART) project, an operations research project designed to develop and test interventions to reduce maternal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity in predominantly rural districts of Pakistan, was a three-year project (2003 to 2006) funded by the European Union. The study area was in the district of Dera Ghazi Khan; the control area was in the district of Layyah. The project focused on three areas to accomplish its goals: empowering women to seek appropriate and timely general, maternal, and newborn care; supporting methods that encourage men to play a positive and active role …

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Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 3: Changes In Knowledge And Behavior Of Women And Families, Muhammad Shafique Arif, Peter C. Miller, Nayyer Munir, Irfan Masood Jan 2006

Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 3: Changes In Knowledge And Behavior Of Women And Families, Muhammad Shafique Arif, Peter C. Miller, Nayyer Munir, Irfan Masood

Reproductive Health

The Safe Motherhood Applied Research and Training (SMART) project was conceived as an operations research project designed to test the effectiveness of two different strategies for improving maternal and neonatal health in Pakistan. To evaluate the results of this test, several types of evaluative research were conducted, including qualitative studies of various types, health systems assessments, evaluations of specific components, and household surveys. The household surveys are the subject of this report, which is Report 3 (Changes in knowledge and behavior of women and families) in a series of six. The surveys are two types: a large-scale, before-after household survey …

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Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 4: Knowledge And Behaviour Of Service Providers, Zakir Hussain Shah, Saima Pervaiz Jan 2006

Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 4: Knowledge And Behaviour Of Service Providers, Zakir Hussain Shah, Saima Pervaiz

Reproductive Health

The Safe Motherhood Applied Research and Training (SMART) project was an operations research project designed to develop and test interventions to reduce maternal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity in predominantly rural districts of Pakistan. The study area was in the district of Dera Ghazi Khan; the control area was in the district of Layyah. The project focused on three areas: empowering women to seek appropriate and timely general, maternal, and newborn care; supporting methods that encourage men to play a positive and active role in decision-making and seeking care for their families in matters relating to maternal and newborn …

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Ethical Approaches To Gathering Information From Children And Adolescents In International Settings: Guidelines And Resources, Katie D. Schenk, Jan Williamson Jan 2005

Ethical Approaches To Gathering Information From Children And Adolescents In International Settings: Guidelines And Resources, Katie D. Schenk, Jan Williamson

HIV and AIDS

This publication provides practical guidance to help program managers and researchers understand and uphold ethical standards when planning and implementing information-gathering activities among children and adolescents, and promotes discussion of ethical issues among people of different backgrounds and training who gather information for different purposes. The publication, which is divided into three parts, is intended to be helpful to anyone who plans, manages, implements, analyzes, or funds any program or research activity that requires gathering information from children and adolescents, including monitoring and evaluation. Part 1 presents key issues that must be considered from the earliest stages of planning and …

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Reducing The Transmission Of Hiv And Sexually Transmitted Infections In A Mining Community: Findings From The Carletonville Mothusimpilo Intervention Project: 1998 To 2001, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Johannes Van Dam, Yodwa Mzaidume, Bareng Rasego, Solly Moema Jan 2005

Reducing The Transmission Of Hiv And Sexually Transmitted Infections In A Mining Community: Findings From The Carletonville Mothusimpilo Intervention Project: 1998 To 2001, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Johannes Van Dam, Yodwa Mzaidume, Bareng Rasego, Solly Moema

HIV and AIDS

The Horizons program, in collaboration with the Center for Scientific and Industrial Research, the South African Institute for Medical Research, and the London School of Economics, conducted an intervention study in the mining town of Carletonville, South Africa to examine the social determinants of the HIV epidemic, and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. The project did not reduce STI prevalence or HIV prevalence, as changing sexual behavior is far more complex than educating individuals about HIV. The report recommends interventions to support behavioral change education, STI treatment, the role …

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Programming For Hiv Prevention In South African Schools: A Report On Program Implementation, Priscilla Reddy, Shegs James, Ann P. Mccauley Jan 2005

Programming For Hiv Prevention In South African Schools: A Report On Program Implementation, Priscilla Reddy, Shegs James, Ann P. Mccauley

HIV and AIDS

An evaluation study conducted in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, provides important insights into whether learners who participated in a fact-based, interactive course had more knowledge about HIV risks, prevention, and care practices; more positive attitudes toward prevention practices and people living with HIV and AIDS; and a higher prevalence of reported safe behaviors than comparable learners who did not participate in the course. Results show that the Life Skills Grade 9 Curriculum had a positive impact of students’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitudes about abstinence, and intention to use condoms. There was, however, no evidence of increased adoption of such protective …

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Understanding The Hiv/Sti Risks And Prevention Needs Of Men Who Have Sex With Men In Nairobi, Kenya, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Harriet Birungi, Scott Geibel Jan 2005

Understanding The Hiv/Sti Risks And Prevention Needs Of Men Who Have Sex With Men In Nairobi, Kenya, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Harriet Birungi, Scott Geibel

HIV and AIDS

Despite increasing awareness of the role men who have sex with men (MSM) can play in the dynamics of HIV transmission in Africa, research on MSM in Kenya has been limited. In response to this gap, researchers from the Institute of African Studies at the University of Nairobi and the Horizons and FRONTIERS programs of the Population Council undertook a study of MSM in Nairobi. The overall goals of the study were to understand the extent to which MSM are at risk of HIV and other STIs, identify the factors associated with risk behaviors, and identify MSM sexual health needs …

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How Many Years Of Life Could Be Saved If Malaria Were Eliminated From A Hyperendemic Area Of Northern Ghana?, Ayaga A. Bawah, Fred N. Binka Jan 2005

How Many Years Of Life Could Be Saved If Malaria Were Eliminated From A Hyperendemic Area Of Northern Ghana?, Ayaga A. Bawah, Fred N. Binka

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

For some time, Chinese government policies have treated rural and urban areas very differently, and a by-product of China’s rapid development seems to be an even greater differentiation between urban and rural social and economic life. Over the next several decades, in part because of rapid fertility declines and in part as a result of mortality declines at older ages, China and other developing countries will experience enormous increases in the proportion of older adults and the proportion of the “oldest-old.” It is reasonable to expect that these age structure changes will alter the provision of health care, making an …

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Review Of Field Experiences: Integration Of Family Planning And Pmtct Services, Naomi Rutenberg, Carolyn Baek Jan 2004

Review Of Field Experiences: Integration Of Family Planning And Pmtct Services, Naomi Rutenberg, Carolyn Baek

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council and its research partners have been addressing several key questions about prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services and how well they function in field settings. The World Health Organization asked the Population Council to provide a review of field experiences regarding the integration of family planning and PMTCT services. This report provides conclusions and recommendations as input into a WHO/UNFPA-sponsored consultative meeting on "The linkages between reproductive health and HIV/AIDS: Family planning and prevention of mother-to-child transmission."

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Maximizing Resources To Meet Client Needs: Evaluation Of A Comprehensive Hiv/Aids Care And Support Model In India, Yrg Care, Horizons Program, International Hiv/Aids Alliance Jan 2004

Maximizing Resources To Meet Client Needs: Evaluation Of A Comprehensive Hiv/Aids Care And Support Model In India, Yrg Care, Horizons Program, International Hiv/Aids Alliance

HIV and AIDS

To examine the benefits and feasibility of service delivery, the Horizons program and the International HIV/AIDS Alliance undertook a multifaceted operations research study of YRG CARE, a nongovernmental organization which offers services to PLHA in southern India. Data from this study suggest that comprehensive care and support services have had a positive impact on perceived quality of life, serostatus disclosure, number of illness episodes, and household expenditures for those patients who participated in the study. The results of this component of the study support the value of scaling-up the YRG CARE service model to other NGOs in India to expand …

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Expanding The Care Continuum For Hiv/Aids: Bringing Carers Into Focus, Jessica Ogden, Simel Esim, Caren Grown Jan 2004

Expanding The Care Continuum For Hiv/Aids: Bringing Carers Into Focus, Jessica Ogden, Simel Esim, Caren Grown

HIV and AIDS

This review by the International Center for Research on Women explores the specific issues that cluster around the provision of care in the context of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. With the support of the Population Council’s Horizons program, this review applies the care economy lens to two key sectors, health and social protection, and finds that while important strides are being made, much more needs to be known and done to enable individuals, families, and households to survive in a world shaken by AIDS. The report documents the challenges faced by family care providers, who are primarily women and unlinked …

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Expanding Care And Support In South India: Scaling Up Yrg Care's Patient-Centered Approach, Yrg Care, Horizons Program, International Hiv/Aids Alliance Jan 2004

Expanding Care And Support In South India: Scaling Up Yrg Care's Patient-Centered Approach, Yrg Care, Horizons Program, International Hiv/Aids Alliance

HIV and AIDS

This study examines the experiences of YRG CARE, a Chennai-based NGO, which provides an integrated continuum of prevention, care, and support services for PLHA in South India. In this Horizons report, the authors examine the process of scaling up YRG CARE’s patient-centered approach and how this led to the enhanced provision of care and support services at four selected sites. Networking and collaboration among providers at all sites were essential parts of the strategy. At the end of project workshop, scale-up participants and YRG CARE affirmed their intention to continue collaboration in order to build on the successes of the …

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Succession Planning In Uganda: Early Outreach For Aids-Affected Children And Their Families, Horizons Program, Makerere University Department Of Sociology, Plan Uganda Jan 2004

Succession Planning In Uganda: Early Outreach For Aids-Affected Children And Their Families, Horizons Program, Makerere University Department Of Sociology, Plan Uganda

HIV and AIDS

This publication reports on an intervention study that evaluated the effectiveness of a succession planning (SP) program in Uganda. Unlike most other programs for AIDS-affected children, succession planning reaches children and their families while their HIV-positive parents are still living and in a position to plan for their children’s long-term well-being. Research carried out by the Department of Sociology at Makerere University (Kampala) and the Population Council Horizons program suggests that succession planning is a promising approach: despite AIDS-related stigma and cultural resistance to acknowledging illness and death, qualitative research indicates that the approach met with a high degree of …

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Combining Community Approaches And Government Policy To Prevent Hiv Infection In The Dominican Republic, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Santo Rosario, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat Jan 2004

Combining Community Approaches And Government Policy To Prevent Hiv Infection In The Dominican Republic, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Santo Rosario, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat

HIV and AIDS

A recent Horizons study conducted jointly with two Dominican NGOs assessed the impact of two environmental-structural models in reducing HIV-related risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic and compared their cost-effectiveness. In the two cities studied, there were improvements from pre- to post-intervention in the key outcome variables, however the type and level of these changes varied by intervention approach. Based on our findings, program planners and policymakers involved in the study in the Dominican Republic agree that the integrated solidarity and policy model in conjunction with ongoing peer education and community mobilization activities is an appropriate, cost-effective, …

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Strengthening Sti Treatment And Hiv/Aids Prevention Services In Carletonville, South Africa, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Johannes Van Dam Jan 2004

Strengthening Sti Treatment And Hiv/Aids Prevention Services In Carletonville, South Africa, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Johannes Van Dam

HIV and AIDS

Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS is widespread in South Africa, adult HIV prevalence is high, indicating high levels of risky sexual behavior. Understanding the gap between knowledge and behavior requires an examination of the social context in which the epidemic occurs. The Horizons Program conducted an intervention study in the Carletonville area to study the social determinants of the HIV epidemic and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. In 1998, the Mothusimpilo (“Working together for health”) Intervention Project (MIP) was launched to reduce community prevalence of HIV and other STIs and …

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Combinando Estrategias Comunitarias Y Política Gubernamental Para Prevenir La Infección Del Vih En La República Dominicana, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Santo Rosario, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat Jan 2004

Combinando Estrategias Comunitarias Y Política Gubernamental Para Prevenir La Infección Del Vih En La República Dominicana, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Santo Rosario, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat

HIV and AIDS

Programas efectivos para evitar nuevas infecciones del VIH entre trabajadoras sexuales y sus parejas, y por lo tanto la población en general, son componentes críticos de estrategias nacionales de prevención del VIH. Un estudio recientemente realizado por Horizons, en conjunto con dos organizaciones no-gubernamentales dominicanas y el Programa Nacional del Control de ITS y SIDA evaluó el impacto de dos modelos ambientales-estructurales en disminuir el riesgo de VIH en trabajadoras sexuales en la República Dominicana y comparó el costo-efectividad de los dos modelos. Los modelos, construidos sobre la base de años de experiencia adquirida a través de programas de educación …

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Community Approaches And Government Policy Reduce Hiv Risk In The Dominican Republic, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat Jan 2004

Community Approaches And Government Policy Reduce Hiv Risk In The Dominican Republic, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat

HIV and AIDS

Effective programs that avert new HIV infections among sex workers and their partners, and hence the general population, are critical components of national HIV-prevention strategies. Prevention efforts have frequently relied on interventions that reach members of these vulnerable groups as individuals, such as condom promotion and STI management. Now, many researchers and program implementers are increasingly turning to “environmental-structural” interventions that address the physical, social, and political contexts in which individual behavior takes place. A recent Horizons study conducted jointly with two Dominican NGOs—Centro de Orientación e Investigación Integral and Centro de Promoción e Solidaridad Humana—and the National Program for …

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Intervenciones Comunitarias Y Política Gubernamental Reducen El Riesgo Del Vih En La República Dominicana, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat Jan 2004

Intervenciones Comunitarias Y Política Gubernamental Reducen El Riesgo Del Vih En La República Dominicana, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat

HIV and AIDS

Programas efectivos para evitar nuevas infecciones del VIH entre trabajadoras sexuales y sus parejas, y por lo tanto la población en general, son componentes críticos de estrategias nacionales de prevención del VIH. Generalmente los esfuerzos de prevención se han concentrado en intervenciones que alcanzan a los miembros de estos grupos vulnerables al nivel individual, tal como promoción de condones y manejo de ITS. Actualmente, muchos investigadores y gerentes de programas se encuentran dirigiéndose a intervenciones “ambientales-estructurales” que toman en cuenta los contextos físicos, sociales y políticos en que el comportamiento individual ocurre. Un estudio reciente realizado por Horizons, en conjunto …

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The Role Of Incentives In Promoting Workplace Hiv/Aids Policies And Programs, Simon Baker, Srisuman Sartsara, Patchara Rumakom, Philip Guest, Katie D. Schenk, Anthony Pramualratana, Suparat Suksakulwat, Surachai Panakitsuwan, Sikarat Moonmeung Jan 2004

The Role Of Incentives In Promoting Workplace Hiv/Aids Policies And Programs, Simon Baker, Srisuman Sartsara, Patchara Rumakom, Philip Guest, Katie D. Schenk, Anthony Pramualratana, Suparat Suksakulwat, Surachai Panakitsuwan, Sikarat Moonmeung

HIV and AIDS

This brief examines the role of incentives in encouraging companies in Thailand to adopt workplace policies and programs that address AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and respond to the needs of workers for information and services. The research was a collaboration between the Horizons Program, American International Assurance (AIA), the Thailand Business Coalition on AIDS (TBCA), and AusAID. After the initiative was launched (known as the AIDS-response Standard Organization), TBCA staff built relationships with company managers to explain and promote the advantages of joining. Companies agreeing to implement at least three HIV/AIDS workplace policies would receive a reduction of 5–10 percent …

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Equitable Access To Hiv Counseling And Testing For Youth In Developing Countries: A Review Of Current Practice, Ann P. Mccauley Jan 2004

Equitable Access To Hiv Counseling And Testing For Youth In Developing Countries: A Review Of Current Practice, Ann P. Mccauley

HIV and AIDS

While many people get HIV-related counseling and testing, only those who receive pre- and post-test counseling, and test voluntarily, are participating in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The high rates of HIV infection among youth make it crucial to find programs to prevent infection. Because there is evidence that many adults benefit from VCT, there is increasing interest in extending these services to young people. VCT counseling helps adolescents evaluate their own behavior and its consequences. A negative test result offers the opportunity to recognize vulnerabilities and develop risk-reduction plans to adopt safe behaviors. Young people who test HIV-positive can …

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Paving The Path: Preparing For Microbicide Introduction—Report Of A Qualitative Study In South Africa [Executive Summary], Julie Becker, Rasha Dabash, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory, Diane Cooper, Jane Harries, Margaret Hoffman, Jennifer Moodley, Phyllis Orner, Hillary J. Bracken Jan 2004

Paving The Path: Preparing For Microbicide Introduction—Report Of A Qualitative Study In South Africa [Executive Summary], Julie Becker, Rasha Dabash, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory, Diane Cooper, Jane Harries, Margaret Hoffman, Jennifer Moodley, Phyllis Orner, Hillary J. Bracken

HIV and AIDS

With recently accelerated support for the development of microbicides to prevent HIV transmission and the urgency of the global AIDS epidemic, it is important to begin to identify strategies for introducing a microbicide once it is proven safe and effective and is approved for use. This executive summary presents results from a qualitative study that explored a range of issues likely to influence microbicide introduction at the community, health service, and policy levels. The study, which identified critical issues to be addressed in building support for microbicides and facilitating a smooth introduction, was conducted between September 2002 and September 2003 …

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Paving The Path: Preparing For Microbicide Introduction—Report Of A Qualitative Study In South Africa, Julie Becker, Rasha Dabash, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory, Diane Cooper, Jane Harries, Margaret Hoffman, Jennifer Moodley, Phyllis Orner, Hillary J. Bracken Jan 2004

Paving The Path: Preparing For Microbicide Introduction—Report Of A Qualitative Study In South Africa, Julie Becker, Rasha Dabash, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory, Diane Cooper, Jane Harries, Margaret Hoffman, Jennifer Moodley, Phyllis Orner, Hillary J. Bracken

HIV and AIDS

With recently accelerated support for the development of microbicides to prevent HIV transmission and the urgency of the global AIDS epidemic, it is important to begin to identify strategies for introducing a microbicide once it is proven safe and effective and is approved for use. This report presents results from a qualitative study that explored a range of issues likely to influence microbicide introduction—positively or negatively—at three levels: community, health service, and policy. The study, which identified critical issues to be addressed in building support for microbicides and facilitating a smooth introduction, was conducted between September 2002 and September 2003 …

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Involving Young People In The Care And Support Of People Living With Hiv/Aids In Zambia, Eka Esu-Williams, Katie D. Schenk, Joseph Motsepe, Scott Geibel, Anderson Zulu Jan 2004

Involving Young People In The Care And Support Of People Living With Hiv/Aids In Zambia, Eka Esu-Williams, Katie D. Schenk, Joseph Motsepe, Scott Geibel, Anderson Zulu

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council, in collaboration with CARE International and Family Health Trust, conducted a study in Zambia to determine which care and support needs of people living with HIV and AIDS and their families could be met by trained youth, and to establish whether youth engaged in formalized care and support activities would increase their adoption of protective behaviors or reduce the stigma faced by members of AIDS-affected households. Discussions with caregivers and clients demonstrated that trained youth are able to meet a range of the needs of clients and orphans and vulnerable children, and that their efforts may be …

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A Rapid Situation Analysis Of The Access To Care Project In Northern Thailand, Ratana Panpanich Jan 2004

A Rapid Situation Analysis Of The Access To Care Project In Northern Thailand, Ratana Panpanich

HIV and AIDS

A rapid situation analysis (RSA) study, supported by the Horizons program, was undertaken to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the Thai government’s Access to Care (ATC) project in northern Thailand. The ultimate aim of the study was to make recommendations for action that will improve the quality of the antiretroviral (ARV) therapy that clients receive and to enhance their adherence to HAART. The RSA has shown high levels of support for the ATC project from health providers, HAART clients, their relatives, and even those who had dropped out of the program. However, the RSA has also shown that there …

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Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy In Adults: A Guide For Trainers, Horizons Program, International Centre For Reproductive Health, Mombasa Coast Province General Hospital Jan 2004

Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy In Adults: A Guide For Trainers, Horizons Program, International Centre For Reproductive Health, Mombasa Coast Province General Hospital

HIV and AIDS

Over the last five years, there has been a rapid change in treatment strategies for HIV infection. With the advent of newer antiretrovirals, treatment has moved from mono-therapy and bi-therapy to triple drug therapy or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. One of the foremost concerns of ARV programs is the ability of people living with HIV/AIDS to maintain near perfect adherence over the long term. To achieve the goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART), undetectable levels of the virus in the blood, patients are required to maintain more than 90–95% adherence. Adherence is defined as a patient’s ability to follow a treatment …

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Vulnerability And Intervention Opportunities: Research Findings On Youth And Hiv/Aids In South Africa, Population Council Jan 2004

Vulnerability And Intervention Opportunities: Research Findings On Youth And Hiv/Aids In South Africa, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund (NMCF) seeks comprehensive local solutions to address the negative effects of HIV/AIDS on children, adolescents, households, and communities. To this end, NMCF initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). This brief highlights key findings from an assessment of reproductive and sexual health knowledge and behaviors among nearly 5,000 youth from eight districts in three provinces in South Africa where the Goelama Project …

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Attracting Youth To Voluntary Counseling And Testing Services In Uganda, Ann P. Mccauley, Milka Juma, Edward Kirumira, Nelson Kakande, Scott Geibel, C. Hitimana-Lukanika, Daniel Lukenge, Edith Mukisa Jan 2004

Attracting Youth To Voluntary Counseling And Testing Services In Uganda, Ann P. Mccauley, Milka Juma, Edward Kirumira, Nelson Kakande, Scott Geibel, C. Hitimana-Lukanika, Daniel Lukenge, Edith Mukisa

HIV and AIDS

Little is known about the use of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) by youth, a group that comprises more than half of those newly infected with HIV. An exploratory study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, and Kampala and Masaka in Uganda revealed that young people want information, confidentiality, low-cost HIV testing, and friendly, professional counseling. Two facilities in Kampala, the AIDS Information Center (AIC) and Naguru Teenage Information and Health Center (NTIHC), implemented new youth-oriented strategies to increase VCT utilization and satisfaction with services among young people. In 2001, AIC established a youth corner behind the regular adult clinic with a …

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Transitions To Adulthood In The Context Of Aids In South Africa: The Impact Of Exposure To Life Skills Education On Adolescent Knowledge, Skills, And Behavior, The Transitions To Adulthood Study Team Jan 2004

Transitions To Adulthood In The Context Of Aids In South Africa: The Impact Of Exposure To Life Skills Education On Adolescent Knowledge, Skills, And Behavior, The Transitions To Adulthood Study Team

HIV and AIDS

This study is a collaborative research project of the University of Natal-Durban, the Horizons program, and Tulane University. One objective of the study was to contribute to understanding the effectiveness of life skills education in changing behavior in South Africa. The findings indicate substantial short-to-medium-term effects of exposure to life skills education on certain areas of sexual and reproductive health-related knowledge, confidence to use condoms, and condom use behavior. Further research is needed to assess whether the observed effects are transitory or long-term in nature, whether the observed behavioral changes have an impact on HIV infection rates among youth, and …

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Using Incentives To Encourage Aids Programs And Policies In The Workplace: A Study Of Feasibility And Impact In Thailand, Simon Baker, Srisuman Sartsara, Patchara Rumakom, Philip Guest, Katie D. Schenk, Anthony Pramualratana, Suparat Suksakulwat, Surachai Panakitsuwan, Sikarat Moonmeung Jan 2004

Using Incentives To Encourage Aids Programs And Policies In The Workplace: A Study Of Feasibility And Impact In Thailand, Simon Baker, Srisuman Sartsara, Patchara Rumakom, Philip Guest, Katie D. Schenk, Anthony Pramualratana, Suparat Suksakulwat, Surachai Panakitsuwan, Sikarat Moonmeung

HIV and AIDS

A recently completed Horizons study in Thailand examined the question of how to encourage the private sector to become actively involved in developing and improving workplace HIV/AIDS programs. The study found that the AIDS-response Standard Organization (ASO) initiative mobilized a moderate proportion of different types of companies to develop and improve HIV/AIDS workplace policies and programs. The data also reveal that companies that were eligible for the insurance discount made the greatest improvements. Thus a financial incentive combined with efforts to tap into managers’ willingness to respond to the epidemic can be important motivators for certain companies to improve their …

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Challenges Faced By Households In Caring For Orphans And Vulnerable Children, Population Council Jan 2004

Challenges Faced By Households In Caring For Orphans And Vulnerable Children, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past ten years, from less than 1 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2001. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Because of the average 10-year period between infection and death, even if HIV prevalence declined rapidly, South Africa would still experience an increasing orphan burden for many years to come. By 2010, 16 percent of all children in South Africa will be orphans …

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