Inequality and Stratification Commons^™

Mavericks Or Allies: The Role Of Faith-Based Organizations In The Anti-Trafficking Movement, Sarabeth Harrelson

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

As awareness of trafficking in persons (TIP) and contemporary slavery has grown over the past twenty years, so has the number of organizations forming the modern abolition movement. From vast international organizations like the United Nations (UN) to local rehabilitation centers working with four to five trafficking victims in Nepal, organizations vary drastically in their mission, size, range of influence, and perspective. Among non-governmental organizations (NGO), common activities include raising awareness and financial support, researching TIP, providing victims services, and advocating for specific policy outcomes at local, national, and international levels. Further complicating the relationship between all of these organizations …

Chinese Human Trafficking In The San Francisco Bay Area, Carina Groves

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

Slavery was not abolished in 1863. Ten thousand ethnic and national Chinese victims of human trafficking remain imprisoned throughout the United States. The purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence of and response to Chinese human trafficking in the San Francisco Bay area. By focusing on one region, my research provides a closer look at the trends in Chinese human trafficking within the U.S.

The "Download" button links to a lower-res (1 MB) version; a high-resolution (15 MB) version is attached (below) as a "Related file."

Collaborating Against Human Trafficking, Kirsten Foot, Amoshaun Toft

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

Anti-Human Trafficking (AT) Efforts

Assessed as lacking coordination across sectors and levels of intervention, and between source, transit, and destination countries
Understudied (Laczko, 2005, Mattar, 2004, Schauer and Wheaton, 2006)
Overarching aims of research: 1) Map AT efforts longitudinally & developmentally; 2) Trace collaboration; and 3) Catalyze collaboration by illuminating good practices in robust multi-sector coalitions

Methods

1. Database of AT Actors’ Websites
2. Hyperlink Analysis of AT Web Real Estate and Link Neighborhoods
3. Content Analysis of AT Actors’ Websites
4. Participant Observation in Multi-Sector Coalitions

The "Download" button (right) links to a PDF version of the presentation; the …

A Revised Approach To Reducing Labor Abuses And Human Trafficking, Thomas Reuland

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

In this paper, I challenge current efforts to combat human trafficking. Trafficking is a problem that the law has difficulty preventing, in part, because of market forces. Moreover, the structure of many corporations responds to these market forces, implicates these enterprises in human trafficking, and encourages members of a company to remain complacent in the face of human rights abuses. As corporations strive to increase profit margins on each product they make, they demand low-cost labor and commodify the human beings who satisfy that demand. Meanwhile, branding provides a powerful tool that corporations use to prevent the consumer from recognizing …

Enforcing The Tipplea Act To Curb Emerging Trends In Human Trafficking: A Study Of The Baby Trade In South East Nigeria, Ijeoma Okoronkwo, Anigbogu Maduka

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

•The area of this study is the south east zone of Nigeria, comprising of five states –Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo states. Abiastate is bounded by Akwaibomstate , Rivers and Cross river state in the South South zone, Imo and Ebonyistate in the south east zone
•Imo is integrated and bounded all the south eastern states, Enugu is bounded by Benue state in the north central zone, Ebonyistate is bounded by cross river state, within 80 km to the boundary of Cameroun
•Population of this study is made up 200 pregnant teenager victims of human trafficking rescued by NAPTIP …

The Intersection Of Law, Theology, And Human Trafficking In The Narrative Of Joseph: Linking The Past To The Present, Julie Waters

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

This paper seeks to connect the biblical narrative of Joseph, a story of slavery and redemption, to modern day human trafficking through the lenses of current and pragmatic legal and theological implications. The two-fold purpose of the paper is to use Joseph as a case study to better understand US anti-human trafficking laws and then provide victims of human trafficking with biblical hope that can be gleaned through a theological understanding of the narrative of Joseph. To fully understand Joseph’s role as a slave and the interplay of modern day implications, the paper first examines the institution of slavery in …

Modern Slavery: A Regional Focus, Amanda J. Gould

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

Kevin Bales, through his study in Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader, provides an important quantitative analysis on the predictive factors of modern slavery. Upon examining his study though, several issues arise including too few observations for several of the variables and the lack of a regional variable. The author decided to rerun his study with replacements for the problematic variables used previously. Upon obtaining the results from this, the author examined development theory (development is believed to be closely liked to slavery), and began creating an alternative model, which eventually included the addition of a regional variable. This model …

Conceptions Regarding Children’S Health: An Examination Of Ethnotheories In A Sending And Receiving Community, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Jennifer Deleon, Gloria Gonzalez-Kruger, Rodrigo Cantarero

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Ethnotheories are beliefs that adults hold about children and the factors that impact upon their development. Scholars suggest that “ethnotheories” serve as cultural models that underlie motivations for parenting practices and the way adults organize children’s early experiences. This study examines Mexican adults’ ethnotheories about children’s health in two communities that are linked by transnational migrants and serve as sending and receiving communities for workers. Forty-four Mexican adults in six focus groups discussed well-being issues affecting children in their communities. Qualitative analyses using grounded theory revealed a complex conception of children’s health issues that included physical, psychological, and behavioral components …

Sexual Exploitation And Abuse Of Street Children In Romania: Catalysts Of Vulnerability And Challenges In Recovery, Meredith Gamble

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

An estimated 1,500-3,000 children live on the streets of Romania (UNICEF, 2006; MPHASIS, 2008). Without the basic necessities to survive, a healthy family structure, proper identification, and an education, these children are at a high risk for sexual exploitation. This study examines what factors in the lives of street children contribute to their vulnerability to sexual exploitation and trafficking as well as the effectiveness of existent social services available to street children. Several characteristics in the lives of street children, including poverty and desperation for basic needs, broken family structures, drug use, lack of education, race, and lack of supervision …

The University Of Nebraska‐Lincoln Human Trafficking Team

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 2nd (2010)

The University of Nebraska‐Lincoln has seven faculty members that are involved in antitrafficking studies, efforts, and the proposed conference. Also on the team is one former UNL PhD student who now teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, and a consultant from Washington DC.
The Team members:
Dr. Dwayne Ball
Professor Rochelle Dalla
Dr. Ron Hampton
Assistant Professor Anchalee (Joy) Panigabutra-Roberts
Dr. Laura J. Lederer
Dr. Julia Pennington
Dr. Josephine (Jo) R. Potuto
Sriyani Tidball
Dr. Brian L. Wilcox

Variations In Social Support And Mental Health Among Black Women By Socioeconomic Status, Lesa A. Johnson

Department of Sociology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A considerable body of research focuses on the mental health of black women with low socioeconomic status. Social scientists have noted that women in low socioeconomic status groups often utilize social networks to provide protection and survival in dense and depressed communities. Still, some social scientists also suggest that the bounded solidarity of kinship networks decreases chances for women to pursue opportunities for economic mobility by creating stressful and time consuming obligations for reciprocity. Though many qualitative and community quantitative studies have been conducted regarding social support and survival among low income women, few quantitative studies have addressed variation in …

“All The Men Here Have The Peter Pan Syndrome— They Don’T Want To Grow Up”: Navajo Adolescent Mothers’ Intimate Partner Relationships—A 15-Year Perspective, Rochelle L. Dalla, Alexandria M. Marchetti, Elizabeth (Beth) A. Sechrest, Jennifer L. White

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

In 1992 and 1995, data were collected from 29 Navajo Native American adolescent mothers. In 2007 and 2008, data were collected from 21 of the original 29 (72%). Guided by feminist family theory, this investigation sought to (a) examine Navajo adolescent mothers’ intimate partner relationships during the transition to parenthood, (b) identify themes in the young mothers’ intimate partnerships across time, and (c) assess participants’ psychosocial well-being in adulthood. Four themes emerged in the women’s long-term intimate relationships: limited support, substance abuse, infidelity, and intimate partner violence. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Splitting The Academy: The Emotions Of Intersectionality At Work, Helen A. Moore, Katherine Acosta, Gary Perry, Crystal Edwards

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Using labor market theory, we assess how we have constructed the teaching of required courses on diversity, with the potential splitting of the academy into distinctive labor markets. In-depth interviews with instructors of color and nonminorities who teach required diversity-education courses at a predominately white university are qualitatively assessed and describe the differences in the emotional labor attached to this segmented academic market.We identify specific dimensions of diversity teaching that attach to the job conditions of secondary labor markets, including the distortion of work loads and evidence of differential barriers in the emotional labor attached. These labor market conditions may …

Understanding The Determinants Of Police Identification Of Human Trafficking Cases, Amy Farrell

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

The passage of new laws criminalizing the trafficking of persons for labor and sexual services has raised public awareness about the problem of trafficking. In response, we expect local law enforcement to learn about the problem, identify trafficking victims and make arrests. The numbers of victims identified by the police, however, has paled in comparison to official estimates, leading some to question the existence of a trafficking problem. Missing from this debate is information about how frequently police encounter situations involving human trafficking and how well prepared officers are to deal with these cases. Analyzing survey responses from a national …

Where Are The Victims? Perspectives On U.S. Anti-Trafficking Policy: Funding & Practice, Johnny Mcgaha

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

There is a major problem in the domestic sex trafficking of minors and sufficient funds should be reallocated to address this issue.

Barriers between funding for foreign victims and domestic victims need to be removed. A victim is a victim.

The current BJA/OVC/DHH grants should allowed to end until a sound TIP policy developed along with a sound implementation strategy based on real documented assessments with built in external accountability. We should not be leaving this to GAO/IG otherwise the whole movement will lose credibility along with funding.

Will the baby will be thrown out with the bath water unless …

Stories Of Sex Trafficking: Rescue, Victimization, And Silence, Donna M. Bickford

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

Human trafficking is a crime and human rights violation that has received increasing attention over the past 10-15 years. Of the hundreds of thousands of individuals trafficked across the globe each year, the vast majority are women and children forced or coerced into commercial sexual exploitation (CSE). In my home state of North Carolina, anti-trafficking activists continue to face disbelief in our broad attempts to educate and raise awareness, as well as resistance from law enforcement in our efforts to encourage increased identification and referral of potential survivors.

My presentation will discuss examples of news coverage, survivor narratives, and filmic …

A Social Ecological Framework For Addressing Social Issues, Alexis Jaclyn Hickman, Lyndsey Christoffersen, Mo Sami, Chitvan Trivedi

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

The School of Social Ecology at University of California, Irvine (UCI), teaches students to conduct research that is socially valid. This implies a problem-posing approach to global issues such as human trafficking. Applying a social ecological lens to such a multi-dimensional issue, allows us to systematically address the effective context of the problem. This framework assists in better targeting policies and programs that are not only aimed at the victims of trafficking, but also address the enabling environment (political, social, built) and demand side of trafficking. A social ecological framework for addressing social issues such as human trafficking was developed …

Unintended Consequences: Understanding Human Trafficking In The United States, Lyndsey Christoffersen

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

Human trafficking became a major issue in the United States in 2000 with passage of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. In 2001, border security was tightened in response to terrorism. While some efforts have been made to eradicate trafficking, the U.S. federal government has largely ignored the immigration aspect of trafficking. This paper aims to examine the intersection of U.S. human trafficking and immigration policy. The study of international illegal flows is still in the early stages. Thus, this paper is exploratory in nature. Information was obtained from government documents, nongovernmental organizations, and academic articles. What is trafficking? Is it …

First Annual Interdisciplinary Conference On Human Trafficking: Final Program Schedule

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

No abstract provided.

Chab Dai Usa Mapping Project: U.S. Based Agencies Working Against Trafficking & Exploitation, Tania Docarmo

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

Trafficking in persons (TIP) and commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) are a growing global phenomenon, co-conspiring in the further development of modern day slavery. Though trafficking has traditionally been viewed as a problem “overseas”, the United States government acknowledges that the U.S. is no stranger to TIP, with tens of thousands believed to be trafficked into and within U.S. borders.

Though national efforts to fight TIP and CSE have increased in recent years, there remain several gaps and challenges if modern day slavery is to be brought to an end in the U.S. and across the globe. One such challenge is …

Human Trafficking Legislation Across The States: The Determinants Of Comprehensiveness, Vanessa Bouche, Dana Wittmer

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

To date, 40 U.S. states have passed human trafficking legislation; however, the comprehensiveness and stringency of the legislation significantly varies from state to state, and there remains significant ambiguity as to why this is the case. This study examines a number of factors that may impact the comprehensiveness of human trafficking legislation at the state level, focusing on the gender makeup of the legislature, the partisan makeup of the legislature, and policy diffusion based on geographic proximity. To test these hypotheses, we develop a comprehensive data set, including a uniquely designed dependent variable measuring legislative comprehensiveness for each state. We …

Development In The Debate Over Diplomatic Immunity For Diplomats Who Enslave Domestic Workers, Usama Kahf

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

On December 23, 2008, President George W. Bush signed into law the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008. This Act was hailed by human rights advocates as a great stride ―towards preventing the abuse, exploitation and trafficking of domestic workers employed by foreign diplomats in the United States. Acknowledging the particular vulnerability of these workers, the law contains specific provisions to enhance their protection and sanction their employers for exploiting the situation. These provisions seek to ensure that domestic workers are made aware of their rights in this country directly by consular officers who will be trained …

On The Road To Victory In America‘S War On Human Trafficking: Landmarks, Landmines, And The Need For Centralized Strategy, Valerie Payne

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

America is at war. Declared by the Clinton Administration in the late 1990s, then prioritized by the Bush Administration, the ―war‖ on human trafficking represents America‘s struggle to eradicate the phenomenon of modern-day slavery within its borders. An army of legislators, law enforcement agents, and everyday abolitionists fight on legal, social, and political battlefields to liberate the hidden victims who suffer in bondage. The recent enactment of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 20082 ("2008 TVPRA"), heralds significant victories in the battles to achieve better victim protection and increase prosecution of traffickers. But even as legislative battles …

Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of American Indian Women And Girls, Suzanne Koepplin, Alexandra (Sandi) Pierce

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

This paper describes the findings of a preliminary study of the involvement of American Indian women and girls in commercial sexual exploitation in the state of Minnesota. The study was conducted by the Minnesota Indian Women’s Resource Center in Minneapolis, and funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Though several studies have been conducted in Canada, there has been no published research on the domestic sex trafficking of American Indian women in the U.S. Anecdotal data from providers of direct services to high-risk American Indian women and girls strongly suggest that this is a significant and rapidly growing problem. Several data …

Understanding Human Trafficking: Development Of Typologies Of Traffickers Phase Ii, Noël Busch-Armendariz, Maura Nsonwu, Laurie Cook Heffron

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

Perpetrator typologies have been useful in understanding other crimes, such as do-mestic violence, and serve a similar purpose in enhancing our knowledge base about human trafficking. Typologies of human traffickers can be useful in improving our understanding about elements needed for successful investigations and prosecu-tions; developing appropriate services for victims and survivors; preventing human trafficking; and increasing community awareness.

The goal of this project is to explore the types of traffickers based on key characteris-tics found in the literature and in prosecuted cases. The initial two phases of this re-search, reported here, involve a review of literature, government reports, and …

Rehabilitation And Reintegration Of Trafficked Girls: The Laura Vicuna Foundation Experience, Maria Victoria Palomo Sta. Ana

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

This paper presents the Laura Vicuna Foundation, Inc. (LVFI) of the Daughters of Mary of Help of Christians’ Integrated Development Program for the disadvantaged children like those on the streets, the sexually abused, exploited, trafficked and working minors. It is a multi-staged comprehensive program known as the Journey of Hope approved by the academe in 1994. The Journey of Hope utilizes community-based and center-based programs as drop-in centers, technical-vocational centers, residential center for healing and recovery of abused, exploited and trafficked girls, group homes and LINK Center. The Preventive System of Education of St. John Bosco is the moving force …

Sex Trafficking Needs Assessment For The State Of Minnesota, Mary C. Ellison

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

Sex trafficking is a form of slavery and involuntary servitude resulting in grave human rights violations. Minnesota was a place of origin, transit, and destination for sex trafficking operations even before federal or state law defined the crime of “sex trafficking.” In September 2008, The Advocates for Human Rights published the Sex Trafficking Needs Assessment Report at the request of the State of Minnesota Human Trafficking Task Force. The Report focuses on trafficking of persons for commercial sexual exploitation or prostitution as defined in federal law and Minnesota law. The qualitative research conducted by The Advocates compliments data by the …

Which Comes First, The Smuggling Or The Trafficking?, Linda Brandmiller, Elizabeth Crooks

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

The Immigration Services Department of Catholic Charities Archdiocese of San Antonio, Inc., is seeing more and more women which we believe are by definition statutorily eligible to be considered “trafficking” victims but who are nevertheless being denied certification and are therefore falling through the cracks of the immigration system.

One of our clients, discovered in the trunk of a car by immigration officials after enduring three months of being beaten, raped, starved and sold for sex, cannot get certified for trafficking- because the perpetrators were only charged with “smuggling”. Another who was purchased by a couple to be their sex …

Estimating The Extent Of Out-Migration Human Trafficking In Ukraine, Ron Hampton, Dwayne Ball, Julie Pennington, Anh Nguyen

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

The problem of estimating the true extent of human trafficking has yet to be well-solved. The study we will report used three estimation methods to estimate the number of persons trafficked out of the Ukraine. One was a small (N~1300) survey of randomly-selected families, another was a large (N~13,000) survey of households, and a third was a survey of key neighborhood informants. The three methods, while varying in questionnaire wording, sampling frame, and other methodological considerations, converged roughly on an estimate of the number of persons trafficked out of the Ukraine. The estimated number was much higher than statistics from …

Integrating Modern-Day Slavery Into Interdisciplinary First-Year Seminars, Keisha L. Hoerrner, Ruth Goldfine

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 1st (2009)

One of the contributing causes of trafficking is its seeming invisibility, especially in the United States. Traditional-age college students arrive on campus having been taught a pervasive cultural myth throughout their years of education. That myth is that slavery was abolished in the United States in the 1800s. It is no longer a social issue demanding concern or attention. It can't happen here -- for a myriad of issues. Yet, conservative estimates point to at least 200,000 individuals being enslaved in the United States at any moment in time. Part of the role of the academy is to make these …