Gender and Sexuality Commons^™

Masculine Fecundity And ‘Overinclusiveness’: Imagery Of Pregnancy In Wallace Stevens’ Poetry, Brian Glaser

English Faculty Articles and Research

This article reflects on the imagery of pregnancy in the poetry of Wallace Stevens. It notes that the decision of Stevens to change the use of imagery of pregnancy indicates something about a development in his inner life. The images of his later poems show a diminishment of his earlier tendency to associate birth with death which is a sign of his increasing tolerance of the envious desire to be pregnant. The imagination of Stevens matured over twenty years and the changes in images of pregnancy are a measure of that change.

Torch (January 2007), Amy Homans, Civil Rights Team Project

Torch: The Civil Rights Team Project Newsletter

No abstract provided.

The Invisible Woman: The Lesbian - Scared Straight, Kathleen Louise Dart

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the decision of lesbian victims of domestic violence to call or not to call the police.

Women's Silencing-The-Self: A Structural Model, Bianca Nadine Loya

Theses Digitization Project

This study tests the hypotheses that both women's internal beliefs regarding their bodies and their condoning of benevolent sexist beliefs will influence their silencing-the-self views.

Cross Cultural Comparison Between The United States And Japan: Executive Traits, Yoshimi Ishibashi

Theses Digitization Project

This study examined comparisons of gender stereotypes of executives in two cultures, American and Japanese. Undergraduate students in Japan and the U.S. estimated the extent to which executives in general, male and female exectuives possessed person-oriented and task-oriented leadership traits.

Understanding The Knowledge Masters Of Social Work Student's Have In Regard To Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender Foster Youth Issues, Amy Rebecca Taliaferro

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to understand the levels of competence that master's level social work students have in regard to the issues of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender foster youth.

Lessons In Sex And Fascism: Dagmar Herzog's Pedagogy Workshop, Megan Jenkins

Center for LGBTQ Studies (CLAGS)

On December 4, 2006 Dagmar Herzog, Professor of History at the CUNY Graduate Center, led a lively workshop titled "What's So Sexy about Fascism? And Why is it Important to Think About it in the Classroom?" as part of the CLAGS/CSGS LGBTQ Plans Pedagogy Workshop.

The Effectiveness Of Anger Management Counseling On Recidivism Rates Of Gang-Related Adolescents In The Project Bridge Program, Candace Kay Johnson

Theses Digitization Project

This study explores recidivism rates of gang-related adolescents newly enrolled in the Project BRIDGE (Building Resources for the Intervention and Deterrence of Gang Engagement) Program. The goal of this project is to reduce the incidence of youth gang violence, gang membership, and gang related activities in the city of Riverside, California.

Promovendo Normas E Comportamentos Eqüitativos De Gênero Entre Homens Jovens Estratégia De Prevenção Do Hiv/Aids, Julie Pulerwitz, Gary Barker, Marcio Segundo, Marcos Nascimento

HIV and AIDS

The Horizons program and the Promundo Institute studied the effectiveness of interventions in Brazil designed to change the attitudes of young men in relation to gender norms and reducing the risk of contracting HIV/STIs. One conclusion of the study was the recognition of the importance of engaging young people (men and women) in the issue of gender relations and the risks of HIV contamination. The results of the study indicate that addressing inequitable gender norms, particularly those that define masculinity, can be an important element of HIV prevention strategies. These findings suggest that group education interventions can successfully influence young …

The Domestic Violence Experiences Of Women In Community Corrections, Rachel Bridges Whaley, Angela M. Moe, Mark Eddy, Jean Daugherty

Sociology Faculty Publications

A variety of studies indicate high rates of domestic violence in the backgrounds of women offenders. We examine and extend this work through a qualitative study of women on probation or parole in a western U.S. county. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women who participated in a larger study in which only questionnaire data were collected. Participants completed a brief telephone interview about prior experiences of partner violence and then a face-to-face extensive in-person interview. In the analyses, several notable themes emerged regarding the women’s histories of child victimization, partner abuse, substance abuse, coercion into crime, and a lack …

Beacon Of Hope: Evaluation Of The Kenya Girl Guides Association Hiv/Aids Program For School Children, Karusa Kiragu, George Odingo, Milka Juma, Jane Mbugua, Magdalen Waweru, Wamuyu Mahinda, Beatrice Mwaniki, Charity Muturi, Simon Ochieng, Tobey C. Nelson, Ann P. Mccauley

HIV and AIDS

This Horizons report presents findings from an evaluation of the Kenya Girl Guides Participatory Peer Education Program for HIV and AIDS Prevention. The objective of the program was to train Girl Guide patrol leaders as peer educators, who in turn would communicate key information and concepts about such topics as HIV prevention, relationships, and self-esteem to other Girl Guides, and ultimately to their school peers. The results demonstrate that peer education conducted by Girl Guides is a feasible strategy for imparting HIV and AIDS education to school-going youth; however, such a program would need to be branded, strengthened, and appropriately …

Identifying Areas For Linkages Between Hiv And Srh For Vulnerable Populations: An Exploratory Study To Assess Female Sex Workers' Sexual And Reproductive Health Needs, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Sushma Mehrotra, B. Srikanthi, Sucheta Panda, Avina Sarna, A.K. Jayasree, Rajendra Prasad, Naomi Rutenberg

HIV and AIDS

Sexual and reproductive ill-health and HIV/AIDS share root causes, including poverty, gender inequality, and social marginalization of the most vulnerable populations. This has prompted the international community to call for policy and program approaches to strengthen the linkages between SRH and HIV/AIDS programs. However, most integration efforts have given priority to family planning, maternal and child health, and STI treatment and to addressing the needs of married women from the general population. Female sex workers have been targeted for HIV prevention efforts but little attention has been given to SRH-related care. To bring sex workers into the focus for SRH-HIV …

Another Look At Gender In Prime-Time Television, Jan Carolyn Kircher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Television has become an important agent of socialization in society today. Social interaction on prime-time television was examined 24 years ago by members of the Sociology Department at South Dakota State University. That study was similar to this research project that investigates gender roles on prime-time television. The earlier study used a modified version of the Bales Interaction Scale to code male and female behavior to assess the extent to which prime-time television presented traditional or nontraditional gender roles. This study used research methods similar to those of the previous study to see if traditional gender roles depicted on prime-time …

Our Stories: Women Speak Out Against Hiv And Aids—An Interactive Communication Package For Rural Low-Literate Women, Vijaya Nidadavolu, Moumita Saha, Vijaya Usha Rani

HIV and AIDS

The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) estimates that there are over 5.1 million people living with HIV and AIDS in India. Among new infections reported in 2006, 88 percent were reported in the reproductive age group (15–49 years). The virus is spreading rapidly among women, including married and monogamous women, and adolescent girls. Existing literature shows that women's vulnerability is compounded due to their gendered disadvantage in information access, literacy, and decision-making. This disadvantage is particularly acute in the case of married women in rural India. NACO has indicated the need to develop audience-appropriate strategies for communicating HIV-related information. To …

A Researcher’S Journey; Participatory Observation Of Women’S Incarceration In Barcelona And Los Angeles, Kara Minnehan

Whittier Scholars Program

After learning about prisons in the United States, I decided to pursue a comparative analysis between Los Angeles and Barcelona on women in prison. Not surprisingly, my findings in Barcelona helped me ask better questions, but did not reveal the conclusions I had hoped for. My research and volunteer experiences in Barcelona impacted my research approach in Los Angeles. The research I conducted in Barcelona as exploratory, and undoubtedly enhanced the quality in Los Angeles. Similarities and differences are outlined between women’s incarceration in Barcelona and Los Angeles. The methods used in this project were participatory observation and interviews with …

Reducing The Social Exclusion Of Girls, Kelly Hallman, Eva Roca

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Across the globe, girls are systematically excluded from participation in social, economic, and political life. The absence of girls in these arenas has implications not only for the young women themselves but also for society as a whole, exacerbating poverty and perpetuating disparities in health, education, and economic achievement. Internationally, this marginalization makes it difficult or impossible for some countries to achieve society-wide goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals identified by the United Nations as benchmarks to reduce poverty. For a number of years, the Population Council has been studying the causes and effects of girls’ social exclusion in …

Feminism In Peril: Contending With The F-Word, Melanie Springer Mock

Faculty Publications - Department of English

Excerpt: "I was thrilled.

My senior thesis, an essay exploring the theme of oppression in several women’s novels, had been accepted for presentation at a literature conference. In college, I had been more a “dumb jock” than a scholar, and so the acceptance represented for me not only personal transformation from athlete to intellectual, but also external affirmation. Perhaps I was a good student and writer after all.

But then the conference program arrived, and I discovered my essay would be included in a panel titled “Feminism in Literature.” My delight waned. “I’m not a feminist,” I wailed to my …

Evaluation Of Berhane Hewan: A Pilot Program To Promote Education And Delay Marriage In Rural Ethiopia, Annabel Erulkar, Eunice N. Muthengi

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Berhane Hewan Program pilot-tested in rural Ethiopia from 2004–06 was developed to sensitize community members to the dangers of child marriage, prevent early marriage among unmarried adolescents, and provide support for girls who are already married. The program included social mobilization of girls aged 10–19 into groups led by female mentors; support to stay in school or convening of groups outside of school including nonformal education and livelihoods skills; and community-wide conversations on early marriage and reproductive health issues affecting girls. Economic incentives were provided to families who did not marry off their daughters during the project period. Population-based …

The Experience Of Married Adolescent Girls In Northern Nigeria, Annabel Erulkar, Mairo Bello

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Programs for young people in sub-Saharan Africa have been directed largely toward unmarried adolescents, neglecting the fact that a large proportion of adolescents—especially girls—are married in some settings. Early marriage is a common feature of girls’ adolescence in Northern Nigeria, yet few programs are in place to support this sizable and vulnerable group. To suggest directions for future programming, Adolescent Health and Information Projects (AHIP) and the Population Council examined the lives of married and unmarried girls in two geopolitical regions of Nigeria, North West and North East. The study, as described in this report, consisted of secondary analysis of …

Changing Transitions To Adulthood In Vietnam's Remote Northern Uplands: A Focus On Ethnic Minority Youth And Their Families [Vietnamese], Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, Hac Van Vinh, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Ethnic minorities, who tend to live in remote mountainous areas, account for 15 percent of Vietnam’s 84 million total population and, according to a recent estimate, 61 percent of them are poor. Evidence suggests that despite recent efforts by the Government of Vietnam to promote poverty reduction in remote areas, a majority of ethnic minorities have not yet experienced positive change, contrary to their Kinh (ethnic Vietnamese) neighbors who have enjoyed substantial improvement in living standards. To identify program interventions that promote healthy human development and, in turn, positively affect Vietnam’s economic growth, it is crucial to have a comprehensive …

Girls' Adolescence In Burkina Faso: A Pivot Point For Social Change, Martha Brady, Lydia Saloucou, Erica Chong

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

As closer attention is paid to the lives of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, girls are found to be clearly disadvantaged, compared with their male counterparts. Burkinabé girls are frequently married at a young age, and more than one-third of married girls find themselves in polygamous unions as second or third wives, married to much older men. Understanding and recognizing girls’ realities is an important first step in planning appropriate and meaningful interventions for them. Girls who are unmarried, “promised,” engaged, or married face different constraints and merit different program approaches. This report by the Population Council aims to fill gaps …

Empowering Young Mothers In India: Results Of The First-Time Parents Project, K.G. Santhya, Nicole Haberland

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In India, sexual activity among girls and young women typically takes place within marriage. Nationally, as many as 30 percent of adolescent girls aged 15–19 are married, presumably sexually active, and under pressure to bear a first child early in the marriage. While sexual activity for the majority of adolescent Indian girls occurs within the socially sanctioned institution of marriage, marital sex is not inherently safe, voluntary, or pleasurable. Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief No. 8 describes the Population Council’s efforts to support married adolescent girls. The Council, in partnership with the Child in Need Institute …

Assessing The Multiple Disadvantages Of Mayan Girls: The Effects Of Gender, Ethnicity, Poverty, And Residence On Education In Guatemala, Kelly Hallman, Sara Peracca, Jennifer Catino, Marta Julia Ruiz

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Although access to primary education in Guatemala has increased in recent years, particularly in rural areas, rates of primary-school completion and literacy for young people remain among the lowest in Latin America, and problems such as late entry, grade repetition, and early dropout persist. Adult literacy is estimated to be 85 percent in Latin America as a whole, compared with 70 percent in Guatemala. Although indigenous peoples in Latin America generally have less schooling than nonindigenous peoples, ethnic differences are greatest in Guatemala, where indigenous (Mayan) adults have less than half the level of schooling of nonindigenous (Ladino) adults. Recent …

Influencing Girls’ Lives: Acceptability And Effectiveness Of A Livelihoods Skill Building Intervention In Gujarat, Shveta Kalyanwala

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

There are 66 million adolescent females aged 13–19 in India. Their lives are characterized by limited education, lack of economic and social opportunities, early marriage and childbearing, and limited influence on decisions affecting their lives. Although programs in India have aimed to empower adolescent girls, they have largely focused on enhancing life skills and awareness. Programs to address women’s social and economic disadvantages have focused exclusively on adult women. To respond to the absence of programs devoted specifically to the social and economic empowerment of adolescent girls and young women, the Population Council partnered with the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) …

Sexuality And Hiv Education: Time For A Paradigm Shift, Nicole Haberland, Deborah Rogow

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

For decades, curriculum-based sexuality education has been a cornerstone of school- and community-based efforts to improve young people’s sexual and reproductive health, and more recently to prevent HIV infection. Unfortunately, public discourse about sex education has been mired in polarizing debates that distract attention from determining how sex and HIV education programs might best achieve the shared goals of many different constituencies. A recent comprehensive review of the impact of school-based sexuality and HIV education programs in developed and developing countries found that two-thirds of the programs reduced the risk associated with one or more reported sexual behaviors. This finding …

Girls Left Behind: Redirecting Hiv Interventions Toward The Most Vulnerable, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

As we enter the third decade of the HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, young women—often adolescent girls—are the new face of the disease. In particular, HIV/AIDS is threatening those girls and young women with limited social and economic assets—those who are unable to avoid, manage, or leave unsafe sexual relationships inside and outside of marriage. Girls at risk of sexual exploitation are not a small minority; they are counted in the hundreds of millions. Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief No. 23 explores: structural determinants of risk, failure to reach the most vulnerable, moving ahead with the …

Obtaining More Accurate And Reliable Information From Adolescents Regarding Sti/Hiv Risk Behaviors, Barbara Mensch, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

To investigate the quality of self-reported data on sexual behavior, Population Council researchers conducted a study in a rural district of Malawi. They implemented a randomized experiment to assess whether audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) produces more valid data on sexual behavior than face-to-face interviews. The Malawi study builds on an experiment conducted as part of a household-based survey of Kenyan adolescents. In Kenya and Malawi, there is clear evidence that mode of interviewing and probing of various sexual partnerships affect the reporting of sexual activity. According to Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief No. 25, ACASI is …

Evaluación De Las Múltiples Desventajas De Las Niñas Mayas: Efectos Del Género, El Origen Étnico, La Pobreza Y El Lugar De Residencia Sobre La Educación En Guatemala, Kelly Hallman, Sara Peracca, Jennifer Catino, Marta Julia Ruiz

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Aunque el acceso a la educación primaria en Guatemala se incrementó en los últimos años, especialmente en las áreas rurales, los índices de finalización de escuela primaria y de alfabetismo corespondeientes a personas jóvenes continúan estando entre los más bajos de Latinoamérica, y persisten otros problemas como el ingreso tardío, la repetición de cursos y el abandono temprano. Se estima que el índice de alfabetismo entre adultos es del 85 por ciento en Latinoamérica en general, comparado con sólo un 70 por ciento en Guatemala. Aunque los pueblos indígenas en Latinoamérica por lo general tienen menos escolaridad que los no …

Les Filles Sont Oubliées : Rediriger Les Interventions En Matière De Vih Vers Les Plus Vulnérables, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Alors que nous entrons dans la troisième décennie de la pandémie de VIH en Afrique subsaharienne, les jeunes femmes, le plus souvent les adolescentes, sont le nouveau visage de la maladie. Le VIH/SIDA menace en particulier les jeunes femmes et les adolescentes qui se trouvent dans des situations sociaux-économiques peu favorables, celles qui ne peuvent éviter, gérer ni échapper à des relations sexuelles à risque au sein même du mariage or hors mariage. Les filles présentant un risque d'être exploitées sexuellement ne représentent pas une petite minorité; on peut les compter par centaines de millions. Promouvoir des transitions vers l'âge …

Las Niñas Rezagadas: Dirigir Las Intervenciones De Vih Hacia Las Más Vulnerables, Judith Bruce

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Al ingresar en la tercera década de la pandemia del VIH en el África subsahariana, las mujeres jóvenes—a menudo adolescentes—conforman el nuevo rostro de la enfermedad. En especial, el VIH/SIDA amenaza a aquellas niñas y mujeres jóvenes con limitados posibilidades sociales y económicas; quienes que no pueden evitar, controlar o abandonar las relaciones sexuales inseguras, dentro y fuera del matrimonio. Las niñas que están en riesgo de ser explotatas sexualmente no constituyen una pequeña minoría; se calculan en cientos de millones. Promoción de transiciones a la vida adulta: Sanas, seguras y productivas N° 23 explora: los determinantes estructurales de riesgo, …