Gender and Sexuality Commons^™

Telling The Code Of The Street An Ethnomethodological Ethnography, Jason B. Jimerson, Matthew Oware

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

In traditional ethnographies, codes explain conduct. A code of conduct is implied by research participants, explicated by researchers, and used by both to explain interactions. The Code of the Street by Elijah Anderson epitomizes this orthodox ethnographic analysis of codes. In ethnomethodology, conduct explains codes. Researchers analyze how research participants refer to codes of conduct in their interactions. “Telling the Code” by D. L. Wieder exemplifies this ethnomethodological analysis of codes. In this ethnomethodological ethnography, we analyze how the code of the street influences the conduct of black male basketball players and how those players explain their conduct by telling …

Socialization And Attitudes: Effects Of Religion, Political Identification, And Class, 1972-2002, Melissa Kimmel

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study analyzes the effects on culture wars attitudes of socialization into religion, political identification, and class on culture war type attitudes. Stepwise OLS and Logistic regression models were used to determine which of the three social institutions would have greatest impact on the attitudes: abortion for reasons beyond one’s control, abortion for willful reasons, capital punishment, prayer in schools, interracial marriage, teaching sex education in schools, homosexuality, premarital sex and extramarital sex. The findings support the theory that religion is the primary social institution involved in the development of culture war attitudes.

Bootstrapping Statistical Inferences Of Decomposition Methods For Gender Earnings Differentials, Yue Ma, Ying Chu Ng

Centre for Public Policy Studies : CPPS Working Paper Series

Applying the standard bootstrapping technique with corrections for heteroskedasticity for a sample of the 1997 Urban Household Survey in China, the present paper attempts to test (1) whether the commonly used decomposition methods for gender earnings differentials give significantly different results, and (2) whether the explained component is significantly different from the unexplained component (which is commonly referred to as discrimination) within each decomposition method. Based on a national data set, the empirical results indicated some significant differences in both tests. The implication of the results is that the proposed bootstrapping technique can be regarded as a guideline on applying …

Torch (January 2006), Amy Homans, Civil Rights Team Project

Torch: The Civil Rights Team Project Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Strengthening Care And Support Services In The Era Of Treatment: Symposium Report, Horizons Program

HIV and AIDS

Sub-Saharan Africa has been devastated by the AIDS epidemic, with almost 26 million people infected in the region. As international attention continues to focus on sub-Saharan Africa as the region most affected by AIDS, hopeful signs have emerged, such as increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although the availability of ART has greatly increased in South Africa, care and support services continue to play a critical role in the lives of people infected and affected by HIV. In response to a growing call from program managers and researchers in South Africa to engage in a dialogue with policymakers and donors …

Preparedness For Hiv/Aids Service Delivery: The 2005 Kenya Health Workers Survey, National Aids And Std Control Programme, Ministry Of Health Kenya

HIV and AIDS

Kenya is one of the few countries that has succeeded in changing the course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and there is strong evidence of a decline in incidence. However, AIDS-related deaths now exceed new infections, and almost nine out of ten Kenyan adults do not know their HIV status. The expansion of HIV services in Kenya, including voluntary counseling and training and prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs, has enabled more Kenyans to learn their status. However, this leaves out many individuals who could benefit from HIV testing and counseling, such as hospital patients. Patients who present to a health-care facility …

Yaari Dosti: Young Men Redefine Masculinity, A Training Manual, Horizons Program, Coro For Literacy, Mamta, Instituto Promundo

HIV and AIDS

This training manual, developed by the Population Council in collaboration with Instituto PROMUNDO, CORO for Literacy, MAMTA, and DAUD promotes gender equity and addresses masculinity as a strategy for the prevention of HIV. Adapted from the “Program H: Working with Young Men Series” developed in Brazil by Instituto PROMUNDO, it promotes the positive aspects of masculinity, encourages men’s participation in sexual and reproductive health, promotes respect for sexual diversity, and improves understanding of the body and sexuality. In this manual, HIV prevention is addressed within the larger framework of gender roles and relationships. Gender disparity, widely prevalent in Indian society …

A Recurrence Of Matrifocal Networks In The African American Community: A Case Study Of The Mother's Board Of The Black Baptist Church, Avril Denisha Fuller

Theses Digitization Project

A case study of the Mother's Board of the First Missionary Baptist Church of Sun Village, California was conducted using the methods of participant observation, indepth interviews and oral history. This study shows the network formed around the Mother's Board at First Missionary Baptist Church as an exemplification of recurring matrifocal netowrks in the history of the African American community.

Differences In Sexual Knowledge Of Students From Christian And Non-Christian Colleges, Maren Elizabeth Oslund

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to assess the sexual knowledge of students from a Christian college and two secular colleges and how any lack of sexual knowledge will impact their lives.

The Advantages And Obstacles Of Having Been Raised By A Gay Or Lesbian Parent, Jennifer Falconi Hilt

Theses Digitization Project

In an exploratory study 10 adult children, with at least one identifiable gay or lesbian parent, were interviewed and asked to discuss their childhood experiences growing up in diverse families. Understanding the introspective views of adult children with gay or lesbian parents will allow social workers the ability to tailor services to ensure the needs of these new family constellations are met.

Review Of "'Work Or Fight!' Race, Gender, And The Draft In World War One" By Gerald E. Shenk, Jennifer D. Keene

History Faculty Articles and Research

This is a review of Gerald E. Shenk's "'Work Or Fight!' Race, Gender, And The Draft In World War One By Gerald E. Shenk."

Shifting Support For Inequitable Gender Norms Among Young Indian Men To Reduce Hiv Risk And Partner Violence, Ravi K. Verma, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Julie Pulerwitz, Sujata Khandekar, Gary Barker, P. Fulpagare, S.K. Singh

HIV and AIDS

India accounts for the second largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS (5.1 million), and almost half of new infections occur in young men below age 30. While there are multiple factors influencing young men’s HIV risk in India, one that is receiving increasing attention is early socialization about masculinity. Young men in India mature and develop in a male-dominated context, having little contact with female peers and virtually no sex education. In this context, most boys develop a sense of masculinity characterized by male dominance in the sexual arena and other areas. Although there is increasing awareness of the …

Belly Dance As A Means Of Dance Therapy For Survivors Of Sexual Assault, Nadia De Leon

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

No abstract provided.

Incest And Empire In The Faerie Queene, Kent Lehnhof

English Faculty Articles and Research

"When considered in the context of Elizabeth's effort to silence all discussion of incest, Edmund Spenser's courtly epic aiming to cultivate favor with the monarch looks like a disastrous miscalculation, for incest appears throughout The Faerie Queene. Indeed, incest sits at the center (both literally and figuratively) of the Book of Chastity, the very book wherein Spenser encourages Elizabeth 'in mirrours more then one her selfe to see.' In the present essay, I investigate the apparently illogical and impolitic prominence afforded to incest in book three of The Faerie Queene, ultimately arguing that the imperialist logic underpinning the epic is …

Adolescents’ Expectations About Mothers’ Employment: Life Course Patterns And Parental Influence, Matthew Weinshenker

Sociology Faculty Publications

Because of social constraint and personal preference, cutting back and dropping out of the workforce remain common responses to the problem of balancing work and motherhood. To understand whether this phenomenon will continue, adolescents from middle-class, dual-earner families (N = 194) were asked how much they expected that they (for girls) or their future partners (for boys) would work while raising children. Nearly all expected new mothers to quit their jobs or reduce their hours temporarily, which signifies either acceptance of, or ignorance of, the penalties of career interruption among girls with high occupational aspirations. Adolescents’ expectations were associated with …

Promoting More Gender-Equitable Norms And Behaviors Among Young Men As An Hiv/Aids Prevention Strategy, Julie Pulerwitz, Gary Barker, Marcio Segundo, Marcos Nascimento

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council and the Promundo Institute studied the effectiveness of interventions in Brazil designed to change the attitudes of young men in relation to gender norms and reducing the risk of contracting HIV/STIs. One conclusion of the study was the recognition of the importance of engaging young people (men and women) in the issue of gender relations and the risks of HIV contamination. The results of the study indicate that addressing inequitable gender norms, particularly those that define masculinity, can be an important element of HIV prevention strategies. These findings suggest that group education interventions can successfully influence young …

Abc Messages For Hiv Prevention In Kenya: Clarity And Confusion, Barriers And Facilitators, Julie Pulerwitz, Tiffany Lillie, Louis Apicella, Ann P. Mccauley, Tobey C. Nelson, Simon Ochieng, Peter Mwarogo, Karusa Kiragu, Edward Kunyanga

HIV and AIDS

The Horizons Program and FHI/IMPACT developed a collaborative research study to explore how adults and youth in Kenya define and perceive the ABC (abstinence/being faithful/consistent condom use) terms and behaviors. Additional objectives of the study were to identify attitudes and norms around the ABC behaviors that influence perceptions of them, and the role of important actors in transmitting messages about them. Findings highlight potential challenges in promoting each of the ABC behaviors, as well as some positive elements that can be built upon when developing programs. HIV prevention programs that incorporate ABC messages—both in Kenya and elsewhere—should consider a number …

Understanding Barriers And Challenges To Effective Community Participation In The Rollout Of Hiv/Aids Treatment And Care Services: Report On Research Results Dissemination Meetings, Population Council, Health Systems Trust

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council and Health Systems Trust conducted national, provincial, and community dissemination meetings in 2006 in KwaZulu Natal (KZN), Limpopo, and Gauteng provinces to share results from a 2005 research study: “Understanding barriers and challenges to effective community participation in the rollout of HIV/AIDS treatment and care services.” The objectives were to share the research findings with the communities and organizations that participated in the study; solicit participants’ input in understanding and utilizing the findings; facilitate interaction and exchange between stakeholders including community and facility-based providers involved in ART services; develop key strategies to operationalize findings and for development …

Understanding Barriers To Community Participation In Hiv And Aids Services: Final Report, Ashnie Padarath, Catherine Searle, Eka Esu-Williams

HIV and AIDS

In 2003, South Africa announced its intention to roll out possibly the largest HIV and AIDS treatment program in the world. Much attention is currently focused on supply-side issues, particularly drug procurement and pricing. Far less attention has been paid to demand for and delivery of treatment, care, and support services. Further, although the role of the community and community organizations is articulated in government policy there has been little active engagement with NGOs on the development of these roles or how to encourage community organizations to support and participate in the antiretroviral (ARV) rollout. As noted in this final …

Understanding Barriers To Community Participation In Hiv And Aids Services: Summary Report, Population Council, Health Systems Trust

HIV and AIDS

In 2003, South Africa announced its intention to roll out possibly the largest HIV and AIDS treatment program in the world. Much attention is currently focused on supply-side issues, particularly drug procurement and pricing. Far less attention has been paid to demand for and delivery of treatment, care, and support services. Further, although the role of the community and community organizations is articulated in government policy there has been little active engagement with NGOs on the development of these roles or on how to encourage community organizations to support and participate in the antiretroviral (ARV) rollout. This study collected data …

Reducing Stigma And Discrimination In Hospitals: Positive Findings From India, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Laelia Gilborn, Bitra George, Luke Samson, Rupa Mudoi, Sarita Jadav, Indrani Gupta, Shalini Bharat, Celine Daly

HIV and AIDS

People living with HIV (PLHIV) in India face stigma and discrimination in a variety of contexts. Stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive people is common in hospitals and acts as a barrier to seeking and receiving critical treatment and care services. Three New Delhi hospitals, SHARAN, and the Horizons Program collaborated on an operations research project to assess responses to hospital-based stigma and discrimination against PLHIV. A baseline survey to measure HIV/AIDS-related attitudes, knowledge, and practices was conducted in 2000 with a random sample of 884 health workers from four departments: medicine, STD and skin, obstetrics and gynecology, and surgery. Based …

Expanding Pediatric Access To Antiretroviral Therapy In South Africa, Desiree Michaels, Brian Eley, Lewis Ndhlovu, Naomi Rutenberg, Hena Khan

HIV and AIDS

In sub-Saharan Africa, AIDS has become one of the leading causes of death among children under the age of five years. Yet, despite increased availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), children have been largely ignored or excluded from treatment initiatives. While efforts to get more children on treatment are increasing, important information is lacking to guide program and policy implementation. To address these gaps, the Horizons Program and the University of Cape Town conducted a rapid situational analysis in 2005 of pediatric HIV treatment sites in South Africa. In 2003, the South African government approved a plan for a national HIV …

Yaari Dosti: Young Men Redefine Masculinity, A Training Manual [Hindi], Horizons Program, Coro For Literacy, Mamta, Instituto Promundo

HIV and AIDS

This training manual, developed by the Population Council in collaboration with Instituto PROMUNDO, CORO for Literacy, MAMTA, and DAUD promotes gender equity and addresses masculinity as a strategy for the prevention of HIV. Adapted from the “Program H: Working with Young Men Series” developed in Brazil by Instituto PROMUNDO, it promotes the positive aspects of masculinity, encourages men’s participation in sexual and reproductive health, promotes respect for sexual diversity, and improves understanding of the body and sexuality. In this manual, HIV prevention is addressed within the larger framework of gender roles and relationships. Gender disparity, widely prevalent in Indian society …

Context And Dynamics Of Same-Sex Behavior Among Long-Distance Truckers In India: Findings From Qualitative Research, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Ravi K. Verma, Pertti J. Pelto, Sarat Chandra Pradhan, Vibha Singh, Asha Rao, Tarun Vij

HIV and AIDS

It is well established that truckers (drivers and helpers) have higher rates of nonmarital sex than any other occupational group. Because of this multipartner sexual activity, truckers form a key group of prevention efforts for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Thus far, HIV/STI prevention interventions for truckers have been geared to providing risk-reduction information and services within a heterosexual context. Recent evidence suggests that a significant number of truckers engage in male-to-male (MSM) sexual activity that has implications for HIV/STI transmission. Therefore, information on the nature and extent of MSM activity among these populations is urgently needed for the …

Context And Dynamics Of Male-To-Male Sexual Behavior Of Truckers In India: Findings From A Multi-Site Qualitative Research Study, Ravi K. Verma, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Pertti J. Pelto, Sarat Chandra Pradhan, Vibha Singh

HIV and AIDS

It is well established that truckers (drivers and helpers) have higher rates of nonmarital sex than any other occupational group. Because of this multipartner sexual activity, truckers form a key group for HIV/STI prevention efforts. Thus far, HIV/STI prevention interventions for truckers have been geared to providing risk-reduction information and services within a heterosexual context. Recent evidence suggests that a large number of truckers engage in male-to-male (MSM) sexual activity that has serious implications for HIV/STI transmission. Therefore, information on the nature and extent of MSM activity among these populations is urgently needed for the design and implementation of comprehensive …

Kate 2006 Winter, Colleen Tappel, Barbara Dewitt, Jen Knox, Whitney Prose, Amber Robertson, Ruth Garrett, Christeen Stridsberg, Shannon Lakanen, Mac Mcgowan, Julie Eaton, Abby Gaurd, Sarah Jacobson, Geetha Nagarajan, Jane Wu, Suzanne Ashworth, Jennifer Roberts, Glenna S. Jackson

Kate

Each year, kate seeks to:

• explore ideas about normative gender, sex, and sexuality
• work against oppression and hierarchies of power in any and all forms
• serve as a voice for race and gender equity as well as queer positivity
• encourage the silent to speak and feel less afraid
• build a zine and community that we care about and trust

Facts About Adolescents From The Demographic And Health Survey—Statistical Tables For Program Planning: Nigeria 2003, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to …

Abcs For Hiv Prevention In Kenya: Messages, Beliefs, And Barriers, Julie Pulerwitz, Tiffany Lillie, Louis Apicella, Ann P. Mccauley, Tobey C. Nelson, Simon Ochieng, Peter Mwarogo, Karusa Kiragu, Edward Kunyanga

HIV and AIDS

A great deal of attention has been focused recently on promoting the “ABCs” of HIV prevention— abstinence or delaying sex, being faithful to one sexual partner or reducing the number of sexual partners, and consistently using condoms during sex. Yet even as programs that focus on the ABCs to prevent sexual HIV transmission are rolled out, questions remain about how well different groups in varied cultural contexts understand the terms, as well as how best to address challenges to adopting the ABC behaviors. The Horizons Program and FHI/IMPACT developed a collaborative research study in 2004 to explore how adults and …

Implants, Pills, & Power: A Modern Analysis Of Women In Magazine Advertisements, Megan "Meg" Davis

Whittier Scholars Program

Everyone is greatly affected daily by the media, whether it be billboards, television, or magazines. American culture is saturated with advertisements publicized through all forms of media. The media shapes how people live their lives, what kind of car one might buy, the style of clothes people purchase, what kind of multivitamin one might take, and even what weight women strive to attain. The high increase of plastic surgery, eating disorders, and the bottom of the “Body Business” over the past 30 years have changed the definition of femininity, in turn making it very difficult for women and girls to …

The Adaptation Of The Fibrinolytic Enzyme Apcfib On Human Blood Stains, Gabriela Sanchez

Whittier Scholars Program

Current research is aimed at testing a purified solution of a fibrinolytic enzyme. Apcfib, which comes from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida cottonmouth Snake) to dissolve blood stains on two different makes of fabric (80% cotton/ 20% polyester and 100% polyester) and test the enzyme’s ability to dissolve blood stains when combined with a protease, in this case thermolysin, Treatment of blood stains on 100% polyester was more effective overall than on the 80% cotton/100% polyester fabric. 2.0x10^ -4 ��mol/min of Apcfib activity added to a 200��L of blood stain was the minimum needed in order to significantly …