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Articles 61 - 90 of 105
Full-Text Articles in Demography, Population, and Ecology
Overview Of Economic Development, Don Macke, Nancy Arnold, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Overview Of Economic Development, Don Macke, Nancy Arnold, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Economic development is a vast concept with an abundance of meanings depending upon the audience. A widely accepted view of economic development is as follows: In the United States with our market economy focus, economic development typically centers on increasing private business activity as a way to increase new investment, job creation and tax base expansion. Economies and economic development should serve the needs of residents and society through the creation of meaningful work. (RUPRI Center for Rural Entrepreneurship, 2005) Historically, rehabilitation worked to restore as much lost function as possible so that a person with a disability could engage …
Overview Of Rural Health, Vincent Francisco, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Overview Of Rural Health, Vincent Francisco, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Ultimately, the challenge of health care reform is the challenge of building community (Shortell et al., 1996). It makes little sense to discuss health without also discussing environment. Environments may be toxic physical environments due to pollution, noise and crime, or toxic social environments that promote health risk behavior like smoking and sedentary living. Alternatively, environments may be constructed to promote health behavior (e.g., physical activity) or reduce health risks (e.g., indoor smoking policy). In either case, the population’s health status is shaped by their environment. Rural people are less healthy than urban people (Institute of Medicine, 2005). Rural environments …
Overview Of Rural America: Past, Present, And Future, Brian Dabson, Nancy Arnold, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Overview Of Rural America: Past, Present, And Future, Brian Dabson, Nancy Arnold, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Rural America is a diverse and changing place. Small-town America, the family farm, and the frontier west are images that have long formed the foundation of the rural American dream. Basic rural values that are ingrained in visions of open spaces, picturesque rolling hills, rich farmlands, patchwork waves of grain, and majestic mountains are alive and romanticized in our culture. Yet these popular images mask the reality that rural America is an extremely significant, diverse, and complex part of our society, with resources, problems, and needs that are extensive and largely misunderstood. This paper addresses several key issues and suggests …
Community Development, Cornelia Flora, Nancy Arnold, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Community Development, Cornelia Flora, Nancy Arnold, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Our physical communities – the places we live and the people with whom we live – shape our lives. Often, our communities choose us; we are born into them, and we simply stay because it is what we know. Some get to choose or create their community. Others choose or are forced to leave. Rural communities differ widely in their economic base, culture values and practices, and social structure (Flora, 1992). The rural economy influences the opportunities with which we are presented, which in turn influences whether we leave or whether we stay. But the economy and jobs are not …
Registered Dietitians' Service To Group Homes For Adults With Developmental Disabilities, Kathleen Humphries, L. Rosenzweig, P. Cushing, R. Licitra, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Registered Dietitians' Service To Group Homes For Adults With Developmental Disabilities, Kathleen Humphries, L. Rosenzweig, P. Cushing, R. Licitra, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
An online survey of registered dietitians was conducted to characterize their professional activities for providers of residential services for adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. The goal of the survey was to characterize the nutrition services delivered in community based group homes and the registered dietitians performing them. Forty-nine RDs responded fully to the survey, indicating significant hours spent providing consultation on food service, clinical dietetics, staff training, dietary monitoring and administrative nutrition services. The most common services are conducting nutritional assessments of residents and providing direct service in the form of menus for the …
Filling The Gaps In Accessible Transportation, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Filling The Gaps In Accessible Transportation, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Since 1975, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has used grant programs as a mechanism to fill transportation gaps so that people with disabilities and older individuals can effectively use public transportation. The first state grants in the Section 5310 program were awarded in 1975. SAFETEA-LU (2005) created the New Freedom Program (Section 5317), and made the Job Access Reverse Commute (JARC, Section 5316) available to all states. All three programs are similarly administered at the state level and are contingent on inclusion in a locally developed coordinated public transit - human services transportation plan. Congress and the Administration have recommended …
Transportation's Section 5310: Where Are We Going?, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Transportation's Section 5310: Where Are We Going?, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
No abstract provided.
Accessibility Report Card For Missoula, Montana: Missoula's Gpa Is 3.32 – Earning A "B", University Of Montana Rural Institute
Accessibility Report Card For Missoula, Montana: Missoula's Gpa Is 3.32 – Earning A "B", University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Community infrastructure – both public and private – influences the quality of life and the health of citizens. For people with disabilities, physical accessibility is a critical aspect of infrastructure. Nonetheless, community planners often lack reliable information for assessing accessibility. Therefore, we are developing standard assessments of access1 that city planners can use to identify areas in need of improvement. To determine a town’s accessibility, we rate parking location and signage; safety and accessibility of route to the business’ entry; parking accessibility; and the accessibility of a business’ entry, door and doorway, and interior. We previously assessed the accessibility of …
Understanding How Race/Ethnicity And Gender Define Age-Trajectories Of Disability: An Intersectionality Approach, David F. Warner, Tyson H. Brown
Understanding How Race/Ethnicity And Gender Define Age-Trajectories Of Disability: An Intersectionality Approach, David F. Warner, Tyson H. Brown
Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications
A number of studies have demonstrated wide disparities in health among racial/ethnic groups and by gender, yet few have examined how race/ethnicity and gender intersect or combine to affect the health of older adults. The tendency of prior research to treat race/ethnicity and gender separately has potentially obscured important differences in how health is produced and maintained, undermining efforts to eliminate health disparities. The current study extends previous research by taking an intersectionality approach (Mullings & Schulz, 2006), grounded in life course theory, conceptualizing and modeling trajectories of functional limitations as dynamic life course processes that are jointly and simultaneously …
The New Freedom Initiative Transportation Program, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Alexandra Enders, Grace Silvia, University Of Montana Rural Institute
The New Freedom Initiative Transportation Program, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Alexandra Enders, Grace Silvia, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Rural advocates frequently cite the lack of public transportation as one of the most significant problems faced by rural Americans with disabilities (Gonzales, Stombaugh, Seekins & Kasnitz, 2006). Transportation is often critical both to accessing health care, and to becoming and staying employed (Johnson & Shaw, 2001). Section 5317, the New Freedom Initiative for Transportation, a program created by the 2005 federal transportation act (SAFETEA-LU, P.L. 109-59), is designed to “go beyond the ADA” and find new ways to provide transportation for people with disabilities. In each state, local providers compete for funding from the program. Funding may not be …
A Review Of Fta Section 5310 Program's State Management Plans: A Legacy Program In Transition, Alexandra Enders, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
A Review Of Fta Section 5310 Program's State Management Plans: A Legacy Program In Transition, Alexandra Enders, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Transportation decisions can enhance or limit community participation and employment opportunities. Historically, the lack of transportation has been consistently reported as one of the most significant barriers to community participation, particularly by rural people with disabilities. A person with a disability affecting his or her mobility in the community may have to base housing and employment choices primarily on transportation connectivity. Lack of transportation may force an individual with a disability to relocate to an area with available transportation services, and/or never consider living in a location with inadequate transportation. The 1970 amendments to the 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act …
Developing Methods And Measures To Assess Progress In Achieving Access Goals Of The Americans With Disabilities Act: A Case Study Of Small Towns In Montana, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Nancy Arnold, Catherine Ipsen, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Developing Methods And Measures To Assess Progress In Achieving Access Goals Of The Americans With Disabilities Act: A Case Study Of Small Towns In Montana, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Nancy Arnold, Catherine Ipsen, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted without any baseline data against which to measure progress on achieving its public access goals. To date, no one has collected local, state, or national data to establish such a baseline or to assess progress in achieving those goals empirically. We developed a simple accessibility assessment tool that can aggregate data across businesses and communities. We then established a sampling frame for all Montana incorporated communities with populations of 2,500 – 10,000. We randomly selected 327 businesses to observe from a universe of 2,151 businesses that met inclusion criteria, and we trained …
Rural Public Access And The Americans With Disabilities Act: Measuring Progress In Hamilton, Montana, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Catherine Ipsen, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Rural Public Access And The Americans With Disabilities Act: Measuring Progress In Hamilton, Montana, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Catherine Ipsen, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is arguably the most significant single effort to enhance community participation of people with disabilities (Brown, 2001), in part by promoting physical access to public places and commercial facilities. Specifically, ADA Titles II and III provide disability advocates with legal tools for promoting access to public places. Despite the significance of the ADA legislation, Batavia (1992) points out that the ADA was “passed without documentation of need” and that “no baseline data exist to assess the implementation of the ADA.” Historically, advocates have monitored the implementation and outcomes of the ADA by …
Faith Based Organizations: Potential Partners In Rural Transportation, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Faith Based Organizations: Potential Partners In Rural Transportation, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
No abstract provided.
State By State Comparison: 3 Ways To Count Rural People With Disabilities, Alexandra Enders, Zach Brandt, University Of Montana Rural Institute
State By State Comparison: 3 Ways To Count Rural People With Disabilities, Alexandra Enders, Zach Brandt, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
There is no state in which all three categories have the same numbers.
Models Of Rural Transportation For People With Disabilities, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Models Of Rural Transportation For People With Disabilities, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
The most recent Transportation Act, the “Safe, Accountable, Efficient, Flexible Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users” (SAFETEA-LU), was signed into law in 2005. It guides transportation policy and funding through 2009, and provides opportunities to demonstrate innovative transportation solutions for people with disabilities living in rural areas. Section 5317, the “New Freedom Program”, allocates $78 million to states for demonstration projects that “go beyond the Americans with Disabilities Act.” That is, transportation providers cannot use these funds to meet their existing ADA obligations. Section 5311c allocates funding for transportation on Indian reservations. As providers begin to develop new programs …
Use Of Section 5310 Transportation Resources In Urban And Rural America: A Baseline Assessment, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Use Of Section 5310 Transportation Resources In Urban And Rural America: A Baseline Assessment, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Consistently, people with disabilities living in rural areas and those who serve them report the lack of transportation as a primary concern (Jackson, Seekins, & Offner, 1992; National Council on Disability, 2005). Section 5310 of the Federal Transit Act (49 USC 5310) authorizes a program of capital assistance to help local organizations acquire vehicles to transport elderly individuals and people with disabilities when other public transportation is unavailable or insufficient. To effectively maximize the availability and use of transportation resources, rural disability advocates and transportation planners need data on rural and urban distribution and use of Section 5310 funds (e.g., …
Rural Independent Living And Physical Therapy: Exploring Collaborations, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Rural Independent Living And Physical Therapy: Exploring Collaborations, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Traditional rehabilitation services are often assumed to be incompatible with independent living (IL) philosophy, but perhaps rural individuals with disabilities might benefit from a collaboration between Centers for independent living (CILs) and rehabilitation services providers. IL philosophy emphasizes improving opportunities for community participation by people with disabilities.1,2 Ecological models of disability emphasize that community participation results when the environment interacts with a person’s capacity to access that environment.3 Participation may increase if environmental accessibility improves, and/or if the individual’s capacity increases. For people with mobility impairments, technology (e.g. wheelchairs) frequently improves individual capacity. Less frequently, changes in a person’s health …
Involving People With Disabilities As Members Of Advisory Groups, Lisa Brennan, Meg Traci, Diana Spas, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Involving People With Disabilities As Members Of Advisory Groups, Lisa Brennan, Meg Traci, Diana Spas, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Service providers, schools, parks departments, public health agencies and other organizations make decisions and policies that profoundly affect the health, employment, income and well-being of people with disabilities. This capacity carries the obligation to involve the people most affected by including individuals with disabilities in the decision-making process. This Practice Guideline offers suggestions on how to involve people with disabilities as active members and advisors of your group. Many of these suggestions may be helpful to all participants, including those without disabilities.
Progress Toward Equity In Rural Transportation: An Update On Safetea-Lu, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Progress Toward Equity In Rural Transportation: An Update On Safetea-Lu, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
No abstract provided.
Faith Based Organizations And Rural Transportation, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Andrea Hartsell, Diana Spas, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Faith Based Organizations And Rural Transportation, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Andrea Hartsell, Diana Spas, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Advocates and service providers frequently cite inadequate transportation as one of the major problems facing people with disabilities, especially those living in rural communities. Many approaches have been tried to address this problem. People with disabilities and community service providers frequently suggest that local faith-based organizations (FBOs) such as churches, synagogues, temples, mosques, and other organizations might be involved in improving transportation. In 2004, RTC: Rural conducted a national survey of recipients of Section 5310 Formula Grants for Special Needs of Elderly Individuals and Individuals with Disabilities. Ten percent of respondents reported being faith-based organizations, which suggests that nationally as …
Update On The Demography Of Rural Disability Part One: Rural And Urban, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Alexandra Enders, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Update On The Demography Of Rural Disability Part One: Rural And Urban, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Alexandra Enders, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Defining Rural: The 2005 Merriam-Webster Dictionary simply defines rural as “of or relating to the country, country people or life, or agriculture.” Most people have an idea of what makes an area rural, but the perception of ruralness may not always match the specific definitions used by agencies responsible for counting, analyzing, or distributing community resources. It’s common to use counties as the measurement unit. Counties are categorized as metropolitan or non-metropolitan, with the non-metropolitan counties considered rural. (See Update on the Demography of Rural Disability, Part Two: Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan for more information.) However, “rural” and “urban” areas are …
Update On The Demography Of Rural Disability Part Two: Non-Metropolitan And Metropolitan, Alexandra Enders, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Zach Brandt, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Update On The Demography Of Rural Disability Part Two: Non-Metropolitan And Metropolitan, Alexandra Enders, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Zach Brandt, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Based on our research, only 35 U.S. counties have no rural people with disabilities, and almost half of rural Americans with disabilities live in metropolitan counties.
Civic Leadership By People With Disabilities, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Joyce Brusin, Karen Rimel, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Civic Leadership By People With Disabilities, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Joyce Brusin, Karen Rimel, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Now as perhaps never before, Americans are recognizing heroes in everyday life. From “the Greatest Generation” of World War II to the firefighters of the New York City Fire Department, we are recognizing the extraordinary contributions which citizens make to their communities and to our nation. People with disabilities are among the contributors. The World Health Organization’s new International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICIDH) recognizes the importance of their contributions – to themselves as well as their communities. It identifies participation in community life as a critically-important outcome and specifically highlights participation in civic and political affairs (ICIDH-2, …
Rural Independent Living: Model Outreach Strategies, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Rural Independent Living: Model Outreach Strategies, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
In earlier research (Centers for Independent Living: Rural and Urban Distribution of Centers for Independent Living, 1999), we reported on five major models of Center for Independent Living (CIL) service provision, including “standard CILs,” “satellites,” “branch offices,” “outreach offices,” and others. These “other” approaches reflect a variety of the strategies CILs use to provide services and supports in rural and remote areas. How to provide rural IL services is an important question, since about 40 percent of U.S. counties – mostly rural – lack access to CILs. Further, the goal of achieving universal access is still elusive, despite the efforts …
A Guide For Personal Testimony: The Art Of Using Your Personal Experiences To Influence Policy Decisions, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Stephen B. Fawcett, University Of Montana Rural Institute
A Guide For Personal Testimony: The Art Of Using Your Personal Experiences To Influence Policy Decisions, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Stephen B. Fawcett, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
The quality of life in any community is determined to some extent by the laws and policies of governmental units and agencies. One way of changing community conditions is to change the laws and policies. From a group’s perspective, any proposed change may be for the better or the worse. However, for changes in laws, regulations, or policies to occur, a public hearing is often required. During public hearings, people have an equal opportunity speak either for or against proposed changes. Many different types of testimony can be and usually are provided during public hearings. These may range from detailed, …
A Guide To Writing Letters To Public Officials: Contributing To Important Decisions Affecting You And Others, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Stephen B. Fawcett, University Of Montana Rural Institute
A Guide To Writing Letters To Public Officials: Contributing To Important Decisions Affecting You And Others, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Stephen B. Fawcett, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
A well-written personal letter may be the most effective way to communicate with public officials. They want to know how their constituents feel about issues, especially when those issues involve decisions by elected officials. Public officials usually know what lobbying groups are saying about an issue, but often they do not understand how a particular decision affects you. A well-written letter describing your experiences, observations, and opinions may change an official’s mind. The same guidelines are also useful for writing to private officials such as business owners, executives of groups like the chamber of commerce, or presidents of corporate boards …
A Guide To Writing Letters To The Editor: Expressing Your Opinion To The Public Effectively, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Stephen B. Fawcett, University Of Montana Rural Institute
A Guide To Writing Letters To The Editor: Expressing Your Opinion To The Public Effectively, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Stephen B. Fawcett, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
One way to express your opinion publicly is through a letter to the editor in your local newspaper. While every letter may not be published, editors pay attention to well-written letters. This is especially true when there are many letters written on the same topic. In turn, elected officials are also influenced by letters newspapers have chosen for publication. This guide will help you prepare an effective letter to the editor that expresses your opinion on an issue. It includes two letters about a controversial issue and specific guidelines on how to prepare a successful letter yourself. After you read …
Inequities In Rural Transportation, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Diana Spas, Maryann Hubbard, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Inequities In Rural Transportation, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Diana Spas, Maryann Hubbard, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
The lack of transportation is one of the most frequently cited problems of rural residents. Federal funds to support public transportation have historically been inequitably allocated between urban and rural areas. This inequity has a particularly significant impact on people with disabilities who live in rural areas. While the 1998 authorization of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) increased the total amount of funds for public support of transportation and increased the funds available for rural transportation and transportation for the elderly and individuals with disabilities, the discrepancy between urban and rural transportation allocations remains significant. About …
Centers For Independent Living: Rural & Urban Distribution, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Bill Innes, Alexandra Enders, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Centers For Independent Living: Rural & Urban Distribution, Tom Seekins Ph.D., Bill Innes, Alexandra Enders, University Of Montana Rural Institute
Independent Living and Community Participation
Our research indicates that there is a total of 336 centers for independent living scattered across the nation. Title VII of the Rehabilitation Act funds many – but not all – of them. Federally-funded CILs typically receive funds from several other sources as well. All 336 meet the standards for CILs. Map 1 shows the distribution of CILs by their location in metropolitan or non-metropolitan counties.