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Articles 31 - 52 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Criminology
Integrated Perspective Of Low Self-Control And Lifestyle-Exposure: Gender Differences In Victimization Risk Among South Korean Youth, Hyounggon Kwak
Integrated Perspective Of Low Self-Control And Lifestyle-Exposure: Gender Differences In Victimization Risk Among South Korean Youth, Hyounggon Kwak
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examined the link between low self-control, risky lifestyles, and victimization, using data from 1,057 South Korean adolescents included in the Study on Childhood Delinquency. Specifically, this study explores a full mediation model to test whether risky lifestyles (unstructured activity, association with deviant peers, and delinquency) account for the effect of low self-control on victimization. The results indicated that low self-control only had an indirect effect on victimization primarily through unstructured time and one’s own delinquency. In addition, this study explored whether variations in the adolescent routine activities foster engagement in delinquency via association with deviant peers. Advancing prior …
Forget The Olive Branch, What About The Bank Branch? An Examination Of The Relationship Between Financial Access And Community Crime, Marc D. Glidden
Forget The Olive Branch, What About The Bank Branch? An Examination Of The Relationship Between Financial Access And Community Crime, Marc D. Glidden
Theses and Dissertations
Previous literature has concluded that the structural characteristics of neighborhoods, namely measures of concentrated disadvantage, racial and ethnic heterogeneity, and residential stability, are significant predictors of the variance in crime within communities. Guided by a neighborhood approach, this study introduces a measure of access to mainstream financial institutions within the social disorganization theoretical framework. Specifically, this dissertation examines the relationship between access to banks and violent, property, and total crime rates within 3,039 counties in the United States. Findings indicate a significant association between bank access and community crime.
#Followme: An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Social Media Presence And Online Harassment, Tabrina M. Bratton
#Followme: An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Social Media Presence And Online Harassment, Tabrina M. Bratton
Theses and Dissertations
Social media is a relatively new global phenomenon. Virtual places provide criminogenic motivators like financial gain, access to suitable targets, and massive amounts information all under one virtual roof. Additionally, social media sites host large amounts of people in one space, generating significant opportunity for victimization. Despite the Internet’s theoretical relevance to understanding victimization, scholarly research into the effects of social media activity in victimization is scarce. Using data from the Pew Research Center, I investigated the relationship between Facebook use and online harassment among adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age. The results showed that an adolescent’s behavior …
Do Contextual Factors Matter In Juvenile Transfer Decisions? A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis Of Juvenile Waivers To Adult Court, Brenda Faye Prochaska
Do Contextual Factors Matter In Juvenile Transfer Decisions? A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis Of Juvenile Waivers To Adult Court, Brenda Faye Prochaska
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has examined factors that affect transfers to adult court. Offender race, age, and gender, along with offense type and seriousness have all been found to influence transfers to adult court. Existing studies have not examined the association between county characteristics and transfers to adult court. County characteristics, such as poverty and education, influence other portions of the juvenile justice and criminal justice system. Furthermore, most of the research examining transfers to adult court has been cross-sectional. It is important to examine transfers to adult court longitudinally because it is possible that as factors change over time, the influence …
Sex Offending Patterns Of Convicted Male Sex Offenders Who Were Sexually Victimized During Childhood: A Qualitative Study, Mollee Katherin Steely
Sex Offending Patterns Of Convicted Male Sex Offenders Who Were Sexually Victimized During Childhood: A Qualitative Study, Mollee Katherin Steely
Theses and Dissertations
The cycle of violence hypothesis assumes individuals who are subjected to abuse as children have an increased probability of becoming sexual abusers in the future. This hypothesis has frequently been applied to the etiological development of sex offending. The majority of existing literature has focused on long-term consequences of child sexual abuse for females, neglecting how sexual victimization can affect males. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between adult male sex offenders and their abusers in efforts to understand their experiences with sexual abuse. Data was derived from 40 interviews with adult male sex offenders …
Measuring Misconduct: A Theoretically Integrated Examination Of The Correlates Of Inmate Misconduct In A State Prison System, Jacob M. Laan
Measuring Misconduct: A Theoretically Integrated Examination Of The Correlates Of Inmate Misconduct In A State Prison System, Jacob M. Laan
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the differential influence of imported inmate characteristics, the deprivations of the prison environment, and situational determinants on inmate misconduct. Using a systematic, iterative model-building process, this study also investigates and provides support for alternative measurement and operationalization strategies for several key constructs used throughout misconduct literature. Finally, this study employs both single equation models and hierarchical generalized linear models to demonstrate not only the variable influence of certain predictors, but also the importance of context.
An Examination Of Victimization Among Traditional And Non-Traditional Female College Students, Jasmine Spears
An Examination Of Victimization Among Traditional And Non-Traditional Female College Students, Jasmine Spears
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine differences between traditional and non-traditional aged victims of sexual assault and their victimizations. This study uses sexual assault victimization data from the 2014 incident files of the National Incident Based Reporting System. From this data, three samples were constructed to look at sexual victimization in all locations, sexual victimization on college campuses, as well as victimizations that occur off campus. Additionally, the age of both victims and offenders are examined to see if there are differences between characteristics of sexual victimization offenses for those between the traditional college ages of 18 to …
Serving Their Country And Their Communities? An Exploratory Study Of The Impact Of Military Presence On County-Level Crime Rates, Rocio A. Paez
Serving Their Country And Their Communities? An Exploratory Study Of The Impact Of Military Presence On County-Level Crime Rates, Rocio A. Paez
Theses and Dissertations
Criminologists have long established an association between social disorganization factors and crime. The majority of criminological literature on social disorganization, however, has overlooked the role that certain social institutions play into the equation. Specifically, the degree to which military presence, manifested by the exposure to the military institution and its personnel, influences local areas has yet to be examined from a criminological perspective. This dissertation was designed to extend this body of research by envisioning the military as a social institution salient in understanding variation in the of crime and delinquency across communities. To accomplish this, I relied on data …
Adolescent Networks: An Exploratory Study Assessing Bullying Victimization And Outcomes Of Social Capital On School Avoidance, Kristen Nicole Sobba
Adolescent Networks: An Exploratory Study Assessing Bullying Victimization And Outcomes Of Social Capital On School Avoidance, Kristen Nicole Sobba
Theses and Dissertations
Bullying victimization has been found to lead to several detrimental effects including depression, anxiety, poor academic achievement, and, in extreme cases, suicidal tendencies. One consequence that has not been studied as extensively is school avoidance. School avoidance can lead to further emotional problems and school dropout, therefore, addressing ways to deter this problem is imperative for future research. The purpose of this dissertation was to identify correlates of school avoidance in addition to understanding the moderating relationship of bullying victimization and social capital on school avoidance. It was expected that social capital would serve as a buffer to bullying victimization, …
Disentangling The Effects Of Violent Subculture And Structure: A Multi-Level Analysis Of Race-Specific Gun Violence In Urban U.S. Counties, Rick Dierenfeldt
Disentangling The Effects Of Violent Subculture And Structure: A Multi-Level Analysis Of Race-Specific Gun Violence In Urban U.S. Counties, Rick Dierenfeldt
Theses and Dissertations
A large number of studies have examined the contextual level influence of firearm availability on firearm-related violence, yet extant literature has failed to simultaneously consider the effects of structure, culture, and firearm availability on the likelihood of firearm violence. The current study adds to the literature by engaging the use of race- and offense-specific non-linear multi-level analyses to examine the relative influence of structure, violent subculture, firearm availability, and incident characteristics on the likelihood of firearm use during aggravated assaults and robberies. Drawing upon data contained in the National Incident Based Reporting System, American Community Survey, and Wide-Ranging Online Data …
An Application Of General Strain Theory To Recidivism In Arkansas: A Multilevel Study, Brittani Mcneal
An Application Of General Strain Theory To Recidivism In Arkansas: A Multilevel Study, Brittani Mcneal
Theses and Dissertations
Prior research has focused on individual- and community-level factors in examining recidivism. Additionally, recidivism research has not applied criminological theory to explain recidivism, however, community-level measures have been constructed from social disorganization theory on recidivism. With a spotlight on individual characteristics and the community, potential factors from the institutional environment are limited in research, in addition to, the application of theory. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the effects strain on recidivism and time to recidivism across prison in Arkansas by applying general strain theory. Specifically, the current study used male offenders released in 2011 who were housed …
There Goes The Neighborhood: The Effects Of Residency Restrictions On Sex Offenders And The Community, Linde Christine Rush Burkey
There Goes The Neighborhood: The Effects Of Residency Restrictions On Sex Offenders And The Community, Linde Christine Rush Burkey
Theses and Dissertations
Sex offender laws and regulations were enacted with the goal of preventing and reducing sex crimes, however, some scholars have argued sex offender laws may actually contribute to an increase in recidivism as a result of a number of unintended consequences. While there have been numerous studies examining the unintended consequences associated with residency restrictions, no research to date has examined the location of sex offender clusters and how these clusters affect the community and sex crimes within their geographical vicinities. While some researchers have established that the clustering of registered sex offenders occurs in certain geographical areas, further analysis …
Sentencing Disparities In Arkansas: A Multiple Year Study, Jennifer M. Miller
Sentencing Disparities In Arkansas: A Multiple Year Study, Jennifer M. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines contextual- and individual-level predictors of adult sentencing outcomes for felony offenders in the state of Arkansas from 2005 to 2009. Contextual- and individual-level variables are used to determine the effects of conflict and social disorganization theory on sentencing outcomes and/or disparities as the individuals vary by race/ethnicity across counties. In the United States, where whites are the majority, theoretically laws and policies should demonstrate oppressive results on the minorities. Criminological literature illustrates sentencing disparities based on race and/or ethnicity, depending on location. One consistent theoretical perspective that emerges from the literature for explaining this phenomenon is conflict …
The Life Course Of Female Homicide Offenders: A Mixed Methods Analysis, Alesa Ray Liles
The Life Course Of Female Homicide Offenders: A Mixed Methods Analysis, Alesa Ray Liles
Theses and Dissertations
Although research on female offending has grown in the past few decades, the criminal justice system has remained inadequate in addressing and responding to the needs of women. Researchers have just begun to study the lives of women independently of men to uncover the similarities, and more importantly, differences. The limited research that is available on the life histories of female offenders, particularly female homicide offenders, shows there are events and experiences that play a significant role in the lives of these women. To increase knowledge on the individual factors that lead to female offending, this dissertation sought to incorporate …
A Multilevel Approach To Recidivism: The Role Of Risk For Criminal Opportunities At The Neighborhood Level, Grant Drawve
A Multilevel Approach To Recidivism: The Role Of Risk For Criminal Opportunities At The Neighborhood Level, Grant Drawve
Theses and Dissertations
In the past, research has focused on individual-level characteristics in examining recidivism, which could, in part, be because recidivism relies on the offenders to commit crime. In short, people recidivate, so research focuses on individuals, the ‘who’. With such a spotlight on individual characteristics, other, potential influential factors of recidivism are limited in research. One potential aspect of recidivism research that may add to the understanding is that the offenders are going back to neighborhoods. The expansion of research on recidivism to examine the neighborhood factors builds from identify the ‘who’ and working towards understanding the ‘where’. The purpose of …
People, Places, And Perceptions: The Individual And Contextual Level Predictors Of Trust In The Police, Kyle Burgason
People, Places, And Perceptions: The Individual And Contextual Level Predictors Of Trust In The Police, Kyle Burgason
Theses and Dissertations
A large number of studies have examined individual predictors of trust in the police yet considerably less attention has been directed toward exploring the influence of neighborhood level predictors within and across communities. The current study will add to the literature on public attitudes toward law enforcement by assessing the individual and contextual-level predictors of one's level of trust in the police. Specifically, we will examine individual-level data from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock's Institute on Race and Ethnicity's annual Racial Attitudes Survey with contextual-level data on the zip codes in which the respondents reside. Using hierarchical general …
An Examination Of The Correlates Of Prison Misconduct In The Arkansas Prison System, Gavin Lee
An Examination Of The Correlates Of Prison Misconduct In The Arkansas Prison System, Gavin Lee
Theses and Dissertations
The study of prison misconduct has been a topic which has been a subject of great import to criminological literature from the early 20th Century onward. The implications of the carceral experience have both ethical and utilitarian import to society as a whole. Over the last 80 years, two competing theoretical perspectives have been used to view this phenomenon: the importation model (Irwin and Cressey, 1962) and the work of Clemmer (1940) and Sykes (1958), the institutionalization/deprivation model. This dissertation seeks to examine the relative strengths of each perspective using official data. The findings of this study provide support for …
An Extension Of Life Course Theory Into The Child Welfare System, Shaun M. Gann
An Extension Of Life Course Theory Into The Child Welfare System, Shaun M. Gann
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past 20 years, Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory of informal social control, or life course theory, has become the epitome of developmental criminological theories. Life course theory is based on the premise of life trajectories that are influenced by turning points. Much research has examined possible turning points in the adult life course, such as marriage, employment, military service, and childbirth. However, few studies have attempted to determine possible turning points in the juvenile life course. In an attempt to address this lack of knowledge on juvenile turning points, this thesis presents an extension of life course theory …
Examining Juvenile Transfer Practices In Arkansas For The Years 2000-2005., Joseph Mcsherry
Examining Juvenile Transfer Practices In Arkansas For The Years 2000-2005., Joseph Mcsherry
Theses and Dissertations
There has been a trend over recent decades to hold juvenile offenders more accountable for their actions and punish them more severely, which has resulted in more diverse avenues to transfer these offenders to adult court. This research examines emerging literature related to transfer and sentencing of juvenile offenders in criminal court. Further, this research will explore the characteristics of juvenile offenders transferred in Arkansas between 2000 and 2005. Results of the analysis will be discussed along with implications and limitations of the study.
Differences In Methamphetamine Users And Crack Cocaine Users, Kilby Erwin Raptopoulos
Differences In Methamphetamine Users And Crack Cocaine Users, Kilby Erwin Raptopoulos
Theses and Dissertations
This research addresses basic differences between crack cocaine users and methamphetamine users. The sample consisted of stimulant users who tested positive for either crack cocaine and/or methamphetamine from three rural counties in eastern Arkansas. This study seeks to further existing knowledge concerning drug use by examining demographics, drug use patterns, criminal histories and parental substance abuse. The study used Respondent-Driven Sampling to accumulate a sample size of 211 participants. Data was obtained through self-reported demographic information, drug use, criminal histories, and parental substance abuse problems during individual interviews, which were also matched with the results from a urinary analysis to …
Sociocultural Strain Theory, Amy L. Proctor
Sociocultural Strain Theory, Amy L. Proctor
Theses and Dissertations
In reaction to criticisms of existing strain theories, Agnew (1992) developed General Strain Theory, and in doing so moved toward micro-level conceptions of strain. A return to the cultural concepts found in traditional strain theories may provide a more complete examination of delinquency/criminality, as it would incorporate the influence that culture has on rates of delinquency/criminality among certain groups in American society. This thesis adds to the knowledge base of criminological thought through the creation of a new strain theory. Sociocultural Strain Theory (SST) may provide a better explanation of delinquency/criminality, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, by taking into consideration cultural …
Characteristics And Offending Patterns Of Juvenile Female Sex Offenders, Antonela Tomic
Characteristics And Offending Patterns Of Juvenile Female Sex Offenders, Antonela Tomic
Theses and Dissertations
Although there has been an increasing interest in juvenile female sex offenders, existing research is limited. This thesis examines the demographic characteristics of juvenile female sex offenders, their victims, and their offense characteristics using a national sample of 172 juvenile female sex offenders who were arrested for sex offenses in 2001. The typical offender was a 14-year-old white female and was arrested for forcible fondling. The majority of the victims were white females who knew their offenders. Most of the offenses were committed at a residence. The use of force, as well as use of alcohol and/or drugs at the …