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Articles 61 - 90 of 123
Full-Text Articles in Criminology
An Empirical Study To Determine The Role Of File-System In Modification Of Hash Value, Kumarshankar Raychaudhuri, M. George Christopher
An Empirical Study To Determine The Role Of File-System In Modification Of Hash Value, Kumarshankar Raychaudhuri, M. George Christopher
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
In digital forensics, maintaining the integrity of digital exhibits is an essential aspect of the entire investigation and examination process, which is established using the technique of hashing. Lack of knowledge, while handling digital exhibits, might lead to unintentional alteration of computed hash, rendering the exhibit unacceptable in the court of Law. The hash value of a physical drive does not solely depend upon the data files present in it but also its file-system. Therefore, any change to the file-system might result in the change of the disk hash, even when the data files within it remain untouched. In this …
A Reverse Digital Divide: Comparing Information Security Behaviors Of Generation Y And Generation Z Adults, Scott M. Debb, Daniel R. Schaffer, Darlene G. Colson
A Reverse Digital Divide: Comparing Information Security Behaviors Of Generation Y And Generation Z Adults, Scott M. Debb, Daniel R. Schaffer, Darlene G. Colson
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
How individuals conceptualize their accountability related to digital technology. There may also be age-based vulnerabilities resulting from personal perceptions about the importance of engaging in best-practices. However, age may not be as critical as experience when it comes to implementation of these behaviors. Using the Cybersecurity Behaviors subscale of the Online Security Behaviors and Beliefs Questionnaire (OSBBQ), this study compared the self-reported cybersecurity attitudes and behaviors across college-aged individuals from Generation Y and Generation Z. Data were derived from a convenience sample of predominantly African-American and Caucasian respondents (N=593) recruited from two public universities in Virginia, USA. Four of the …
Book Review: The Cyber Risk Handbook By Domenic Antonucci, Stanley Mierzwa
Book Review: The Cyber Risk Handbook By Domenic Antonucci, Stanley Mierzwa
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
No abstract provided.
The Future Of Cybercrime Prevention Strategies: Human Factors And A Holistic Approach To Cyber Intelligence, Sinchul Back, Jennifer Laprade
The Future Of Cybercrime Prevention Strategies: Human Factors And A Holistic Approach To Cyber Intelligence, Sinchul Back, Jennifer Laprade
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
New technology is rapidly emerging to fight increasing cybercrime threats, however, there is one important component of a cybercrime that technology cannot always impact and that is human behavior. Unfortunately, humans can be vulnerable and easily deceived making technological advances alone inadequate in the cybercrime fight. Instead, we must take a more holistic approach by using technology and better understanding the human factors that make cybercrime possible. In this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime, three studies contribute to our knowledge of human factors and emerging cybercrime technology so that more effective comprehensive cybercrime prevention strategies …
A Test Of Structural Model For Fear Of Crime In Social Networking Sites, Seong-Sik Lee, Kyung-Shick Choi, Sinyong Choi, Elizabeth Englander
A Test Of Structural Model For Fear Of Crime In Social Networking Sites, Seong-Sik Lee, Kyung-Shick Choi, Sinyong Choi, Elizabeth Englander
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
This study constructed a structural model which consists of social demographic factors, experience of victimization, opportunity factors, and social context factors to explain the public’s fear of crime on social networking sites (SNS). The model is based on the risk interpretation model, which predicts that these factors influence users’ fear of crime victimization. Using data from 486 university students in South Korea, an empirically-tested model suggests that sex and age have direct and significant effects on fear of victimization, supporting the vulnerability hypothesis. Among opportunity factors, the level of personal information and the number of offending peers have significant effects …
An Exploratory Perception Analysis Of Consensual And Nonconsensual Image Sharing, Jin Ree Lee, Steven Downing
An Exploratory Perception Analysis Of Consensual And Nonconsensual Image Sharing, Jin Ree Lee, Steven Downing
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
Limited research has considered individual perceptions of moral distinctions between consensual and nonconsensual intimate image sharing, as well as decision making parameters around why others might engage in such behavior. The current study conducted a perception analysis using mixed-methods online surveys administered to 63 participants, inquiring into their perceptions of why individuals engage in certain behaviors surrounding the sending of intimate images from friends and partners. The study found that respondents favored the concepts of (1) sharing images with romantic partners over peers; (2) sharing non-intimate images over intimate images; and (3) sharing images with consent rather than without it. …
Blockchain Security: Situational Crime Prevention Theory And Distributed Cyber Systems, Nicholas J. Blasco, Nicholas A. Fett
Blockchain Security: Situational Crime Prevention Theory And Distributed Cyber Systems, Nicholas J. Blasco, Nicholas A. Fett
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
The authors laid the groundwork for analyzing the crypto-economic incentives of interconnected blockchain networks and utilize situational crime prevention theory to explain how more secure systems can be developed. Blockchain networks utilize smaller blockchains (often called sidechains) to increase throughput in larger networks. Identified are several disadvantages to using sidechains that create critical exposures to the assets locked on them. Without security being provided by the mainchain in the form of validated exits, sidechains or statechannels which have a bridge or mainchain asset representations are at significant risk of attack. The inability to have a sufficiently high cost to attack …
The Profile Of The International Cyber Offender In The U.S., Lora I. Hadzhidimova, Brian K. Payne
The Profile Of The International Cyber Offender In The U.S., Lora I. Hadzhidimova, Brian K. Payne
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
This study explores the characteristics of international cyber offenders prosecuted in the U.S. Our findings to a large extent correspond with general studies about cyber offenders with a few important exceptions. First, the average age of the offenders in our study is slightly higher than others that do not focus exclusively on international offenders. Second, while this research confirms that China is among the leading country in committing cybercrimes when it comes to committing particular types of cybercrimes, the offenders come from other countries as well such as Romania, Estonia, Ukraine, South Africa, and Nigeria. Third, our results show that …
Awareness And Perception Of Cybercrimes And Cybercriminals, Hannarae Lee, Hyeyoung Lim
Awareness And Perception Of Cybercrimes And Cybercriminals, Hannarae Lee, Hyeyoung Lim
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
Awareness is a starting point to recognize, understand, or know a situation or fact, and the perception makes a difference in how to deal with it. Although the term cybercrime may not be new to the most public and the police, not all of them are well aware of the nature and extent of cybercrimes, cybercriminals, and cyber-victims, which in turn affects their perceptions of matters. The four papers in this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime empirically examine these important topics and discuss policy implications.
Phishing And Cybercrime Risks In A University Student Community, Roderic Broadhurst, Katie Skinner, Nicholas Sifniotis, Bryan Matamoros-Macias, Yuguang Ipsen
Phishing And Cybercrime Risks In A University Student Community, Roderic Broadhurst, Katie Skinner, Nicholas Sifniotis, Bryan Matamoros-Macias, Yuguang Ipsen
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
In an exploratory quasi-experimental observational study, 138 participants recruited during a university orientation week were exposed to social engineering directives in the form of fake email or phishing attacks over several months in 2017. These email attacks attempted to elicit personal information from participants or entice them into clicking links which may have been compromised in a real-world setting. The study aimed to determine the risks of cybercrime for students by observing their responses to social engineering and exploring attitudes to cybercrime risks before and after the phishing phase. Three types of scam emails were distributed that varied in the …
Examining Perceptions Of Online Harassment Among Constables In England And Wales, Thomas J. Holt, Jin R. Lee, Roberta Liggett, Karen M. Holt, Adam Bossler
Examining Perceptions Of Online Harassment Among Constables In England And Wales, Thomas J. Holt, Jin R. Lee, Roberta Liggett, Karen M. Holt, Adam Bossler
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
The ubiquity of the Internet and computer technology has enabled individuals to engage in bullying, threats, and harassing communications online. Limited research has found that local line officers may not view these offenses as serious compared to real world crimes despite their negative physical and emotional impact on victims. The perceptions of officers can produce poor interactions with victims during calls for service, particularly victim blaming, which can reduce citizens’ confidence in police agencies generally. However, local law enforcement agencies are increasingly mandated to respond to these cases, calling to question how their views may impact the community. This study …
Cybercrime And Digital Forensics: Bridging The Gap In Legislation, Investigation And Prosecution Of Cybercrime In Nigeria, Kabiru H. Mohammed, Yusuf D. Mohammed, Abiodun A. Solanke
Cybercrime And Digital Forensics: Bridging The Gap In Legislation, Investigation And Prosecution Of Cybercrime In Nigeria, Kabiru H. Mohammed, Yusuf D. Mohammed, Abiodun A. Solanke
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
The advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) opens new avenues and ways for cybercriminals to commit crime. The primary goal of this paper is to raise awareness regarding gaps that exist with regards to Nigeria’s capabilities to adequately legislate, investigate and prosecute cases of cybercrimes. The major source of cybercrime legislation in Nigeria is an act of the National Assembly which is majorly a symbolic legislation rather than a full and active legislation. In perusing these avenues of inquiry, the authors seek to identify systemic impediments which hinder law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and investigators from properly carrying out their …
Welcoming Remarks From The Ijcic Honorary Editor, Peter Grabosky
Welcoming Remarks From The Ijcic Honorary Editor, Peter Grabosky
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
No abstract provided.
The Present And Future Of Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, And Cybersecurity, Kyung-Shick Choi, Claire Seungeun Lee
The Present And Future Of Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, And Cybersecurity, Kyung-Shick Choi, Claire Seungeun Lee
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
Cybercriminology combines knowledge from criminology, psychology, sociology, computer science, and cybersecurity to provide an in-depth understanding of cybercrime. Cybercrime and cybersecurity are interconnected across many places, platforms, and actors. Cybercrime issues are continuously and expeditiously changing and developing, especially with the advent of new technologies. The International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime (IJCIC) aims to contribute to the growing field of cybercriminology and cybersecurity. The IJCIC is eager to work with scholars, policy analysts, practitioners, and others to enhance theory, methods, and practice within cybercrime and cybersecurity at the regional, national, and international levels.
A Failure To Regulate? The Demands And Dilemmas Of Tackling Illegal Content And Behaviour On Social Media, Majid Yar
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
The proliferation and user uptake of social media applications has brought in its wake a growing problem of illegal and harmful interactions and content online. Recent controversy has arisen around issues ranging from the alleged online manipulation of the 2016 US presidential election by Russian hackers and ‘trolls’, to the misuse of users’ Facebook data by the political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica (Hall 2018; Swaine & Bennetts 2018). These recent issues notwithstanding, in the UK context, ongoing concern has focused in particular upon (a) sexually-oriented and abusive content about or directed at children, and (b) content that is racially or …
Juvenile Hackers: An Empirical Test Of Self-Control Theory And Social Bonding Theory, Sinchul Back, Sadhika Soor, Jennifer Laprade
Juvenile Hackers: An Empirical Test Of Self-Control Theory And Social Bonding Theory, Sinchul Back, Sadhika Soor, Jennifer Laprade
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
In accordance with a similar growth in information technology, computer hacking has become a pervasive issue as a form of crime worldwide in recent years. Self-control theory and social bonding theory have frequently been employed to explain various types of crimes, but rarely to explore computer hacking. Drawing from Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) self-control theory and Hirschi’s (1969) social bonding theory, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the suitability of these two theories in explaining juvenile computer hacking offenses. The self-report survey data utilized for the present study was derived from middle school and high school students …
Architecture Of Aggression In Cyberspace. Testing Cyber Aggression In Young Adults In Hungary, Katalin Parti, Tibor Kiss, Gergely Koplányi
Architecture Of Aggression In Cyberspace. Testing Cyber Aggression In Young Adults In Hungary, Katalin Parti, Tibor Kiss, Gergely Koplányi
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
In order to test whether and how violence is exacerbated in online social networking sites, we utilized the BryantSmith Aggression Scale (Bryant & Smith, 2001), and included examples in the questionnaire offering solutions for 7 different hypothetical cases occurring online (Kiss, 2017). The questionnaire was sent to social work and law school students in Hungary. Prevalence and levels of aggression and its manifestation as violence online proved to be not more severe than in offline social relations. Law students were more aware than students of social work that online hostile acts are discrediting. Students of social work were significantly more …
An Argument For Interdisciplinary Programs In Cybersecurity, Dennis Giever
An Argument For Interdisciplinary Programs In Cybersecurity, Dennis Giever
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
In this commentary Dr. Giever presents a compelling argument for interdisciplinary programs in cybersecurity at the university level. He argues that we no longer have the luxury of allowing barriers to exist between those tasked with IT security and those who provide physical security. He recommends that any security program take an “all possible paths” or “balanced approach” to the protection of assets within an organization. Students in computer science, criminal justice, business, human resources, and others should work collaboratively within education programs learning these necessary skills. A team effort is needed to accomplish the myriad of tasks necessary to …
Spreading Propaganda In Cyberspace: Comparing Cyber-Resource Usage Of Al Qaeda And Isis, Kyung-Shick Choi, Claire Seungeun Lee, Robert Cadigan
Spreading Propaganda In Cyberspace: Comparing Cyber-Resource Usage Of Al Qaeda And Isis, Kyung-Shick Choi, Claire Seungeun Lee, Robert Cadigan
International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime
Terrorists in cyberspace are increasingly utilizing social media to promote their ideologies, recruit new members, and justify terrorist attacks and actions. This study explores the ways in which types of social media, message contents, and motives for spreading propaganda take shape in cyberspace. In order to empirically test these relations, we created a dataset with annual terrorism reports from 2011 to 2016. In our global cyberterrorism dataset, we used and connected cyber-resources (Facebook, online forum, Twitter mentions, websites, and YouTube videos) and legal documents of individual cases that were mentioned in the reports. The results show that YouTube videos were …
Immigration And Domestic Violence Services: One Size Fits All?, Mary Kate Taggart
Immigration And Domestic Violence Services: One Size Fits All?, Mary Kate Taggart
Master’s Theses and Projects
The purpose of this study was to explore how immigration-related factors affect provision of domestic violence services. These factors include the survivors’ integration into the American society and their English language proficiency. Considering the recent dramatic rise in immigrant population in the United States, addressing the needs of foreign-born domestic violence survivors is becoming increasingly important. This thesis used secondary data from Multi-State Study of Meeting Domestic Violence Survivors' Needs Through Non-Residential Services and Supports. The data was analyzed using SPSS. After conducting Chi-square and OLS multiple regression statistical tests, some hypotheses were supported while others were not. Overall, this …
Service Learning: A Look Into The Real World For Criminal Justice Students, Hannah R. Carpenter
Service Learning: A Look Into The Real World For Criminal Justice Students, Hannah R. Carpenter
Master’s Theses and Projects
The goal of this study was to better understand the impact that criminal justice based service learning experiences have on criminal justice students at Bridgewater State University. For the purpose of this study, the research questions focused on students’ personal and professional outcomes post- service learning experience. The study used an electronic survey that utilized closed and opened ended questions to gather data. Using a grounded theory approach the data was collected and analyzed simultaneously. Through a coding process, themes and concepts specific to the open responses were identified. The results of the study indicate that students felt their service …
Fake Realities: Assassination And Race In Popular Culture, Kevin Marinella
Fake Realities: Assassination And Race In Popular Culture, Kevin Marinella
Master’s Theses and Projects
Since the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks the United States had been involved in conflicts across the globe. These conflict have given rise to the use of target killing, commonly known as assassination as a way to eliminate enemies of the United States. A majority of those killed are of Middle-Eastern descent and/or are followers of Islam. Elements of American popular culture since 9/11 have portrayed assassination, with the antagonists generally being of Middle-Eastern or Muslim descent while the protagonist being a white American or from a country allied with the United States who is involved in the conflict. By …
Military Sexual Assault: A Comparative Case Study Of Sexual Assault Policies In The United States, Israel, And Norway, Sarah Cummings
Military Sexual Assault: A Comparative Case Study Of Sexual Assault Policies In The United States, Israel, And Norway, Sarah Cummings
Master’s Theses and Projects
Military Sexual Trauma (MST), or the sexual assault or harassment of individuals serving in the military by others who are also serving, has recently been recognized as a significant problem in the United States, especially for women service members. Despite its recognized prevalence, current policies across military branches in the United States have not created transparent provisions for service members to receive preventative trainings and adequate sanctions for offenders. Also, reporting methods in the U.S. military are not at a level that is reflective of a transparent MSA policy. With the use of current Israeli and Norwegian military sexual assault …
Illegal Gambling And Its Operation Via The Darknet And Bitcoin: An Application Of Routine Activity Theory, Sinyong Choi
Illegal Gambling And Its Operation Via The Darknet And Bitcoin: An Application Of Routine Activity Theory, Sinyong Choi
Master’s Theses and Projects
For many years the Darknet and Bitcoins have been widely utilized by people who wish to anonymously perform illegal activities in cyberspace. Having already been restricted in many countries, the gambling websites utilizing Bitcoin payments and the Darknet allow online users to freely engage in illegal gambling activities with the absence of a formal capable guardian. Although it is an urgent priority that law enforcement find a solution to the pressing issue, there are a few empirical studies focusing on such illegal gambling website. Due to the scarcity of studies in this area, the current study attempts to examine the …
In The Crosshairs Of The White Nationalist Movement: Is Bridgewater State Ready?, Carolyn Petrosino
In The Crosshairs Of The White Nationalist Movement: Is Bridgewater State Ready?, Carolyn Petrosino
Bridgewater Review
No abstract provided.
Civil Forfeiture: The Failure Of The Courts, Thomas Senst
Civil Forfeiture: The Failure Of The Courts, Thomas Senst
Honors Program Theses and Projects
No abstract provided.
Rehabilitation Or Social Isolation? The State’S Struggle With Juvenile Sex Offender Laws, Elyce C. Hall
Rehabilitation Or Social Isolation? The State’S Struggle With Juvenile Sex Offender Laws, Elyce C. Hall
Honors Program Theses and Projects
No abstract provided.
Examination Of Parole Revocation Decision-Making Policy Thru The Lens Of Organizational Theory: Qualitative Analysis, Ashley Furtado
Examination Of Parole Revocation Decision-Making Policy Thru The Lens Of Organizational Theory: Qualitative Analysis, Ashley Furtado
Master’s Theses and Projects
Mass incarceration is primarily caused by harsh sentencing policies. But another contributing factor is the recidivism of parolees. There are several definitions of recidivism including relapse into behaviors associated with crime (technical violations), or committing crime. Criminal Justice agencies are organizations whose behavior may be better understood by looking at organizational theory. Organizational theory is a self-correcting model in which outcomes of prior decisions provide feedback to influence future decision in organizations. This study utilizes organizational theory to explore the relationship between the open systems theoretical model and the tolerance of risk of parolees. Seek to answer whether correctional populations …
Detroit Crime Trends: Examining Large Business Labor Practices, Sarah R. Mcguire
Detroit Crime Trends: Examining Large Business Labor Practices, Sarah R. Mcguire
Master’s Theses and Projects
This study examines the relationship between the changes in large company employment of the top twenty-five large businesses in Detroit and the crime rate from 2012 to 2014. Previous research has asserted that a significant correlation exists between unemployment and crime but does not investigate the effects of large company employment in a city in relation to crime. This study seeks to fill this gap and address the relationship between changes in large company employment, relative to conditions of social disorganization, and changes in the crime rate. It builds upon Blau and Blau’s (1982) work on the structural contributors to …
Identifying Correlates In Anti-Semitic Incidents On College Campuses In The U.S., Jessica Morris
Identifying Correlates In Anti-Semitic Incidents On College Campuses In The U.S., Jessica Morris
Master’s Theses and Projects
American colleges experienced approximately 5% of anti-Semitic incidents nationwide in 2014. These incidents included harassment, verbal taunts and physical attacks. This study will seek to identify the possible correlating factors of these incidents and others like it. The factors examined are the presence of Jewish student organizations, pro-Israel student organizations, pro-Palestine student organizations, pro-Pease organizations, Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) support and resolutions, as well as the campus location in relation to hate groups in the state. The significance of these factors being present on campuses is examined utilizing information from the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), Anti-Defamation League (ADL), …