Sociology Commons^™

Effect Of Auto Plant Openings On Net Migration In The Auto Corridor, 1980-1997, Kenneth M. Johnson, Thomas H. Klier

Sociology

In linking demographic trends of the last two decades to the geographic dispersion of the auto industry, this article finds that the addition of a large plant significantly influences the migration experience of the host county as well as counties adjacent to it.

Apprenticeship And Conservation Incentives, Robin Alden, Jennifer F. Brewer

Geography

Apprentice programs offer a method to encourage responsible individual behavior by laying the foundation for successful collective property rights. Apprenticeship has three purposes: to restrict the rate of entry, to affect the quality of the participant, and to create the conditions for collective action for sustainability. Apprenticeship could be an important fishery management tool, particularly in decentralized, adaptive management regimes that require ongoing, multi-party negotiation for success. It is not vocational training; instead it serves a public purpose: to create the conditions for stewardship and participation in management. This perception of collective property right mimics customary practice in some successful …

Online Victimization: A Report On The Nation’S Youth., David Finkelhor, Kimberly J. Mitchell, Janis Wolak

Crimes Against Children Research Center

The Internet is an exciting new territory for many young people. Nearly 24 million youth ages 10 through 17 were online regularly in 1999, and millions more are expected to join them shortly. They go there to Iearn, play, meet people, and explore the world. But stories from law-enforcement officials, parents, and young people themselves suggest that not every online adventure is a happy one. The Internet has a seamier side that young people seem to he encountering with great frequency.

This national survey confirms many of the stories. Large numbers of young people are encountering sexual solicitations they did …

Reporting Crimes Against Juveniles., David Finkelhor, Richard Ormrod

Crimes Against Children Research Center

The American justice system is in the midst of an effort to evaluate and reform its handling of the criminal victimization of children and youth. Juveniles are unusually vulnerable to crime victimization (Hashima and Finkelhor, 1999), but concerns have been raised about the effectiveness and sensitivity of the justice system’s response to these crimes. The findings presented in this Bulletin indicate that a majority of victimizations of juveniles ages 12 to 17 are not being reported to police or other authorities. Even serious victimizations involving weapons and injury are significantly less likely to be reported when they happen to juveniles …

Expert And Public Evaluations Of Technological Risks: Searching For Common Ground, James Flynn, Paul Slovic

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Drs. Flynn and Slovic compare and evaluate the ways in which the public and experts perceive technological risks.

The Rural Rebound, Kenneth M. Johnson

Sociology

No abstract provided.

Introduction: The Challenge Of Risk Communication In A Democratic Society, Richard C. Rich, Robert J. Griffin, Sharon M. Friedman

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The symposium editors review key issues concerning the relationship between risk communication and public participation.

Risk And Recreation: Differences Due To Gender, Age And Education, Joanna Burger

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Burger explores the differences in risk perception due to gender, age and education with regard to recreation activities on former U.S. Government weapons test sites.

The Role Of Trust In The North Blackforest: An Evaluation Of A Citizen Panel Project, Ragnar E. Löfstedt

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Löfstedt explores the effectiveness of a public participation project conducted in Germany, designed to involve citizens in the siting of municipal waste disposal plants.

Ecological And Population Changes In Fishing Communities Of The North Atlantic Arc, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Richard L. Haedrich

Sociology

In the decades since World War II, large-scale ecological changes have affected fishing communities across the northern Atlantic. Substantial declines hit their historically important resources, most notably the Atlantic cod. Such declines were often accompanied by increases in other, previously less exploited, species. Interactions between fishing pressure and environmental variation have driven ecological change. Ecological changes in turn reshaped the fisheries, contributing to altered demographic profiles of fisheries-dependent communities. Many places lost population, especially through out-migration of young adults. Broad social forces also contributed to these trends, but the timing and geographical details of population changes often correspond to specific …

Review Of: Frank Pearce & Steve Tombs, Toxic Capitalism: Corporate Crime And The Chemical Industry (Dartmouth Publishing Co. 1998), Jonathan Gatmaitan

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the Book: Frank Pearce & Steve Tombs, Toxic Capitalism: Corporate Crime and the Chemical Industry (Dartmouth Publishing Co. 1998). Conclusions, notes, introduction, preface ISBN 1-85521-950-6 [372 pp. Hardbound $72.00 Old Post Road, Brookfield, VT 05036.]

Contesting Legal Procedures Of Risk Management In Belgium: A Case Study, Tomke Lask

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Lask evaluates legal procedures for dealing with siting problems in Belgium in the context of an actual conflict, and discusses how citizens' dissatisfaction with governmental systems has resulted in increased involvement in environmental issues.

Reassessing Public Meetings As Participation In Risk Management Decisions, Katherine A. Mccomas, Clifford W. Scherer

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Using a U.S. case study, Ms. McComas and Dr. Scherer discuss how reliance on public meetings as tools for risk communication in public policy decisions affects relationships between stakeholders and risk managers.

Implementing Structured Participation For Regional Level Waste Management Planning, Elke Schneider, Bettina Oppermann, Ortwin Renn

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors present a case study example of a well-structured public participation project that was incorporated into the formal decision-making process in Germany.

Demographic Change And Fisheries Dependence In The Northern Atlantic, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Oddmund Otterstad

Sociology

Northern Atlantic fisheries have experienced a series of environmental shifts in recent decades, involving collapse or large fluctuations of the dominant fish assemblages. Over roughly the same period, many fisheries-dependent human communities have lost population, while their countries as a whole were growing. Population loss tends to increase with the degree of fisheries dependence, among communities and sub-national regions of Newfoundland, Iceland and Norway. A close look at Norway, where municipality-level data are most extensive, suggests that population declines reflect not only outmigration, but also changes in fishing-community birth rates. Multiple regression using 1990 and 1980 census data for 454 …

The Importance Of Cost And Effectiveness For Attitudes Towards Lifesaving Interventions, Joakim Ramsberg, Lennart Sjöberg

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Drs. Ramsberg & Sjöberg present the results of a study that evaluates Swedish attitudes about risks and corresponding lifesaving interventions.

Ethnic Identity And Aspirations Among Rural Alaska Youth, Carole L. Seyfrit, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Cynthia M. Duncan, Jody Grimes

Sociology

The villages of rural Alaska comprise one of the most exceptional, yet least visible, sociocultural environments in the United States They are geographically remote, and set off from the mainstream also by their unique Eskimo, Indian or Aleut cultures. At the same time many economic, legal and cultural connections pull these villages toward the dominant U.S. society, impelling continual and rapid social change. Our research focuses on adolescents growing up in this culturally complex and changing environment. We employ survey data from adolescents in 19 rural schools to explore relationships between ethnic identity and students' expectations about moving away or …

World Views, Political Attitudes And Risk Perception, Lennart Sjöberg

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Sjöberg questions the Cultural Theory approach to evaluating variance in risk perception. He also presents the results of a survey using elements of that and other scales to help explain individual differences in risk perception.

Through A Lens Darkly--Superfund Spectacles On Public Participation At Brownfield Sites, Kris Wernstedt, Robert Hersh

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors discuss the recent trend in brownfield site development against a backdrop of Superfund experience and explore current barriers to public participation.

Is Accurate Understanding Of Global Warming Necessary To Promote Willingness To Sacrifice?, Richard J. Bord, Ann Fisher, Robert E. O'Connor

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Although not definitive, the authors' study suggests potential benefits from having a general public better informed about global climate change. They find, e.g., that accurate information appears to increase willingness to accept personal sacrifice.

Variation In Environmental Risk Perceptions And Information Sources Among Three Communities In El Paso, Theresa L. Byrd, James Vanderslice, Susan K. Peterson

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors report the results of a pilot study of environmental risk and sources of environmental information in three socio-economically and culturally distinct communities in Texas.

Environment And Sex Ratios Among Alaska Natives: An Historical Perspective, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Carole L. Seyfrit, Christina Bellinger

Sociology

Human-environment interactions can affect the sex ratios of resource-dependent societies in a variety of ways. Historical and contemporary data on Alaska Native populations illustrate such effects. Some eighteenth and early nineteenth century observers noted an excess of females, which they attributed to high mortality among hunters. Population counts in the later nineteenth century and well into the twentieth found instead an excess of men in many communities. Female infanticide was credited as the explanation: since family survival depended upon hunting success, males were more valued. Although infanticide explanations for the excess of males have been widely believed, available demographic data …

Review Of: Robert M. Hardaway, Population, Law, And The Environment (Praeger 1994), Carey Ann Zadra

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book: Robert M. Hardaway, Population, Law, and the Environment (Praeger 1994). About the author, acknowledgements, index, notes, preface, selected bibliography. LC-93-44501; ISBN 0-275-94570-7 [188 pp. $55.00 Cloth. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

Rural Illinois In The 1990s: On The Rebound?, Kenneth M. Johnson, Norman Walzer

Sociology

Rural areas of Illinois experienced a widespread population rebound between 1990 and 1995.2 These recent population gains in Illinois are consistent with a broader rural population growth revival nationwide. Rural Illinois gain nearly 24,000 residents between 1990 and 1995, according to recently released estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau.3 The population grew in 47 of the 74 nonmetropolitan counties in Illinois during the period. Migration to rural areas accounted for most of this population gain. Most urban areas in Illinois also gained population during the first half of the 1990s. The recent population gains in rural Illinois are modest, but …

Recent Nonmetropolitan Demographic Trends In The Midwest, Kenneth M. Johnson

Sociology

This research1 examines demographic trends in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States and the Midwest2 since the 1990 census using the federal-state series of county population estimates. Review of such timely information is important because nonmetropolitan demographic trends have been extremely fluid during the past 30 years (Long and DeAre, 1988). Historically, nonmetropolitan demographic change, both in the Midwest and the US,
has been dominated by an excess of births over deaths sufficient to offset the net ...

Conflicting Views On Fair Siting Processes: Evidence From Austria And The U.S., Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer, Kevin B. Fitzgerald

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors maintain that, by granting legitimacy to different notions of fairness and building on common values such as responsibility, it is possible to design siting procedures that promote social cohesion, trust and a sense of fair play.

Fairness As Compassion: Towards A Less Unfair Facility Siting Policy, Benjamin Davy

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Davy argues that siting efforts fail because of perceived injustices and urges authorities to search more aggressively for ways to avoid injustice and to cope with the anguish of those who may be unavoidably shortchanged.

Unsiteability: What Should It Tell Us?, Michael Thompson

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Thompson argues that if rich countries can effortlessly be rid of noxious wastes, they will not receive signals encouraging better lines of development - by market, as well as hierarchical and egalitarian, criteria.

Procedural And Substantive Fairness In Landfill Siting: A Swiss Case Study, Ortwin Renn, Thomas Webler, Hans Kastenholz

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors describe the design and implementation of a process for siting a landfill. They see it as an application of procedural equity expressed in discourse ethic philosophy - one that includes checks for competence and substantive fairness.

Risk Perception And Trust: Challenges For Facility Siting, Howard Kunreuther, Paul Slovic, Donald Macgregor

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors maintain that, by granting legitimacy to different notions of fairness and building on common values such as responsibility, it is possible to design siting procedures that promote social cohesion, trust and a sense of fair play.