Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Policy Frameworks And Citizens’ Use Of Fintech Solutions: The Pros And Cons In Egypt, Salma Al-Mohamady

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the significant influence of financial technology (FinTech) on the banking industry, consumer finance, and economic growth. It specifically concentrates on the swiftly changing FinTech environment in Egypt. The study investigates the impact of incorporating advanced technologies on worldwide financial practices, which has significantly transformed traditional banking models and facilitated the emergence of inventive financial services. The transition is clearly apparent in Egypt, where the expansion of FinTech has been driven by advances in regulations, adaptation to technology, and a population that is becoming more comfortable with digital solutions.

Using a combination of quantitative …

How To Scientifically Understand "New Quality Productivity", Yongnian Zheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

New quality productivity (NQP) is a strategic concept that can be defined as all economic activities that can contribute to enhancing the technological content and value-added of products based on technological progress. Discussions on NQP will have to have a scientific sense of the industrial upgrading on the basis of technological progress, avoid restricting NQP to some specific areas of technological development, and treat NQP as technologically deterministic. Empirically speaking, the development of NQP can focus on the three core production factors of basic research, applied technology, and the financial system. In addition, it is necessary to provide an effective …

Big Life-Science: Study Of Omics From Microscopic To Mesoscopic Scales, Jiarui Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The human genome project at the turn of the century opened a new era of life science research and formed various omics characterized by holistic high-throughput research. The initial omics research was mainly carried out at the molecular level, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc., showing a new paradigm of data-driven research. With the development of research technologies, the omics research has risen to the mesoscopic level, the representative is the “Human Cell Atlas” project launched in 2017. At present, researchers have been able to carry out omics research at the level of tissues, organs, and even individuals, and resulted …

Brain Science And Brain-Inspired Intelligence In Intelligent Era, Xu Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With intelligence technology as the core technology and intelligent computing power as the productive force, the intelligent era has once again pushed brain science to the forefront of world science and technology. Brain science is the science that studies the nature and rule of cognition and intelligence of human, animal, and machine. A comprehensive analysis of the structure and functional connection rule of the nervous system will eventually draw the functional connectivity map of the brain. In the past decade, neuroscience research has been committed to systematically analyzing the types of neurons and neural structural connections of the nervous system, …

Some Reflections On Developing Trend Of Gravimetry In China, Heping Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the development of modern science and technology, gravimetry is growing vigorously and is increasingly becoming an interdisciplinary subject that is closely related to many others such as geology, fundamental physics, geodynamics, hydrology, oceanography, and astronomy. It is now a key subject in giving service to demands in national strategy and fundamental researches in geoscience such as fiducial surveying and mapping, resource exploration, military security, and hazard monitoring. Therefore, owning the core gravimetric techniques is one of the pivots which reflect national core competitiveness. This study first briefly overviews the history and actuality of the growth of gravimetry subject in …

Nanozyme: Combining Power Of Natural Enzymes And Artificial Catalysis, Peng Du, Lizeng Gao, Jian Jiao, Kelong Fan, Xiyun Yan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Nanozymes represent a novel class of artificial enzymes and biocatalysts, possessing both the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials along with unique enzyme-like catalytic activities, which breaks the boundary between inorganic materials and organic life. Unlike natural enzymes, traditional enzyme mimics and chemical catalysts, nanozymes exhibit catalytic activity that can be regulated by their nanoscale physical and chemical properties. They are characterized by good stability, high- and lowtemperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, adjustable activity, and multifunctionality. As a result, nanozymes have garnered widespread attention in the fields of biomedicine, environment treatment, green agriculture, new energy resources, and have begun …

Progress And Challenges Of Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) In The World And In China, Bojie Fu, Junze Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by United Nations is a critical task for countries around the world from 2016 to 2030. Yet, recent assessments indicate that progress on half of the SDGs has stagnated or even regressed, and that most goals are unlikely to be met by 2030. This study reviews the progress globally and in China towards achieving the 17 SDGs, and summarizes five key challenges that are impinging their realization: 1) the data gaps and insufficient monitoring capacity, 2) the high complexity of interlinkages among the SDGs, 3) the influence of regional disparities and negative …

Analysis Of Research And Development Trends Of New Drugs, Ping Xu, Li Xu, Ruo-Nan Yang, Wei Li, Kaixian Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important component in the pharmaceutical innovation, research and development (R&D) of new drugs stands at the forefront of a new round of life science and technology revolution and bioeconomic reform, which is of strategic significance to leading scientific and technological innovation, driving economic development, and improving people’s health and well-being. At present, continuous innovation in cutting-edge technologies, cross-domain integration of disciplines, and digital depth enablement drive active innovation in the field of new drug R&D. Both domestically and internationally, innovative small molecule drugs, antibody drugs, immune cell therapy, gene therapy and nucleic acid drugs are receiving intensive market …

New Frontier In Race For Deep Space Exploration: Lunar Water Resources, Yong Wei, Honglei Lin, Fei He, Hui Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Deep space exploration has become the commanding heights of science and technology competition. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has successfully completed the lunar exploration missions of “orbiting, landing, and returning” in just twenty years, and upgraded to a new roadmap of “survey, construction, and utilization”. Meanwhile, lunar exploration worldwide has shown a trend towards normalization and commercialization. The research on lunar water resources has sparked widespread interest and intense competition among countries and space agencies, marking a new focus in human’s deep space exploration. The exploration of lunar water can help reveal crucial processes in the formation …

Winning Battle For Key And Core Technologies In Emerging Fields—Inspiration Based On 863 Program Related Projects, Guangzu Bai, Li Li, Hongfei Meng, Qiang Wang, Xiaoyang Cao, Anrong Liu, Bo Cheng, Mimi Zhan, Jing Li, Leiei Cui, Xiangwan Du

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Emerging technology fields have become the main battleground for strategic competition among major powers today, with key and core technologies serving as crucial approach in shaping a nation’s international competitive advantage. This study, from the perspective of national strategy, profoundly understands the significant importance of winning the key and core technology battle in emerging fields. Based on this understanding, it starts with a comparison between the implementation background of the 863 Program and the current reality. It systematically summarizes valuable experiences from projects aimed at advancing key and core technologies in emerging fields, and puts forward reflections and suggestions for …

Multiple Input System Of Disruptive Technologies, Mimi Zhan, Xianke Peng, Xiaoyang Cao, Xiaomian Hu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the great power to drive human society’s development and the industrial transformation, disruptive technologies have attracted the attention of countries around the world. The major economies worldwide have made relevant strategic plans to develop disruptive technologies for preempting the zenith of technological innovation. As the effective approach to gather various resources, the multiple input system of disruptive technologies has become a place of strategic importance and related studies have also been paid more and more attention. The multiple input system of disruptive technologies is investigated firstly from the perspective of innovation mechanism in this study. Based on the innovation …

Synthetic Biology Enablement: From Academic Development To Industrial Transformation, Yan Xiong, Xueqing Ma, Daming Chen, Xiao Liu, Guoping Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Synthetic biology revolutionizes the comprehension of life systems from an engineering perspective, employing a “bottomup” approach in life science research. It adopts an iterative research paradigm of “design-build-test-learn” in life science research and creates engineered new life systems grounded in genomics and systems biology. This provides a new pathway of “from creation to understanding” for life sciences, departing from the traditional reductionist research strategy of “study the whole to understand the parts” and opening up a new culture of “building to understand” the essence of life. Additionally, synthetic biology elevates existing biotechnologies previously based on “simulating natural processes” and “genetic …

Advances In Data-Driven Life Sciences Research, Haiping Jiang, Chunchun Gao, Wenhao Liu, Yungui Yang, Xin Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The field of life sciences is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in experimental techniques and vast biological big data which gradually arise and play an increasingly important role in life science research. First of all, biological big data has diversity and complexity, including genomic data, epigenomic data, proteomic data and other types. These data provide researchers with more comprehensive information and help reveal the laws behind life phenomena. Second, new data-driven developments and applications in life sciences cover many fields such as gene editing, precision medicine, drug development, etc., providing unprecedented possibilities for human health and quality of life. However, …

Promoting Ecosystem Based Marine Management Through A Marine Ecological Classification And Zoning System, Wenhai Lu, Xiao Li, Meng Cui

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Ecosystem based ocean management is an important means of building marine ecological civilization. The current marine ecological classification and zoning in China comprehensively sorts out the types and natural geographical characteristics of marine ecosystems, divided the Chinese seas and adjacent waters into several levels of ecological spatial units according to different scales, effectively characterizes the geographical distribution features of marine biological communities and their habitats, and provides effective support for ecosystem based marine management. This study analyzed the practical significance of marine ecological classification and zoning. Based on a review of the development of marine ecological classification and zoning, this …

Modernization Of Science And Technology From Perspective Of Chinese Path: Implications Of The Era, Characteristics, And Reflections, Baoyu Jia, Yan Ying, Jiang Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The modernization of science and technology is the key to Chinese path to modernization and plays a fundamental and strategic supporting role in building a powerful socialist modernization country. This study reviews various stages of development including sprouting and exploration, recovery and acceleration, catching up and leading, summarizes the characteristics and experience, and discusses the improvement in terms of level, concept, culture, topic selection, organization, system, governance, team, and guarantee, and then, proposes the concept of “Chinese Path to S&T Modernization”.

Policy Overview (April, 2024)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Technology Innovation Is The Key To Future Space Science Missions, Ji Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Space science is one of the important space activities of China together with space technology and space application. Although it is a space program aimed at scientific discovery and breakthrough, with the development of technology and the increasing number of achievements received in the past, space science missions require more and more technological innovation to achieve their goals. This study first reviews the development trend of space science missions since their birth, then analyzes the cultivation process of space science mission proposals with technological innovation and the responsibilities of the chief scientist leading such tasks, and finally analyzes and proposes …

Editorials

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Integrating Scientific And Technological Innovation With Industrial Innovation: Understanding The Strategic Logic Of Deep Integration To Foster New Quality Productive Forces In China’S New Development Stage, Science And Technology Innovation And Development Center, Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation serves as the core mechanism for cultivating new quality productive forces. President Xi Jinping advances this scientific proposition based on China’s development practice in the new era and the historical, theoretical, and practical logic of global innovation advancement. The proposition profoundly elucidates the fundamental mechanisms driving contemporary productivity leaps and the strategic pivot for Chinese path to modernization. As a major theoretical innovation, this theory is groundbreaking, exemplary, and contemporary, providing a scientific foundation and strategic guidance for high-quality development and Chinese path to modernization. This study examines the …

Promoting Construction Of China’S Modern Industrial System By “ Multi-Tracking” Research And Innovation Model, Yongnian Zheng, Lanmeng Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The core of the competition between large nations during the fourth industrial revolution is centered on economic resilience, which is based on the industrial system of each nation. The key takeaway from the historical experience of industrial development in the United Kingdom and the United States is that the building of a modern industrial system must prioritize the balanced development of industries rather than concentrating solely on the financial and service sectors and ignoring the manufacturing sector, which leads to industrial hollowing-out. China ought to build a modern industrial system that possesses the five characteristics, including industry comprehensiveness, large capacity, …

Policy Practices And Countermeasures Analysis On Deep Integration Of Technological Innovation And Industrial Innovation, Defang He, Tao Chen, Hui Liu, Fangjuan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Technological innovation serves as the strategic foundation for driving high-quality development and building a modern industrial system. To compete for global leadership in science, technology, and industrial advancement, major economies worldwide are reshaping their policy frameworks to accelerate the development of cutting-edge technologies and future industries. This study analyzes the intrinsic mechanisms and policy evolution of the integration between technological innovation and industrial innovation. By examining domestic and international case studies—such as integrated circuits, mRNA vaccines, new energy vehicles, and photovoltaics—it reveals how strategic guidance and policy coordination facilitate the convergence of innovation chains and industrial chains. Furthermore, the study …

Research And Suggestions On Top-Down Design Methodology Of High-End Cnc Machine Tools, Weiguo Gao, Dawei Zhang, Bingye Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The strategic significance of top-down design theory, method and technical system of high-end CNC machine tools is expounded, so as to realize the independent research and development of high-end CNC machine tools, satisfy the requirements of high-end users in key fields and maintain the independence and control of the core technologies. The top-down design methods and some key scientific problems are proposed, including static-dynamic stiffness design, geometric accuracy design, thermal balance design, and assembly process accuracy design, based on the spatial position and attitude error, relative dynamic flexibility of the working space, through the design, processing and assembly process. The …

Breakthrough Path Of High-End Equipment Manufacturing Driven By Independent Innovation—From Perspective Of R&D And Industrialization Of High-End Wafer Stage Of Lithography Machine, Yu Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Focusing on R&D and industrialization of wafer stage of high-end lithography machine, this study deeply analyzes the development status and core challenges of China’s high-end equipment manufacturing industry. The study finds that although China’s high-end equipment manufacturing industry has achieved scale expansion and technological innovation, there are still deficiencies in the independent control of core technologies, facing the dual bottlenecks of technological innovation and basic capabilities. By analyzing the independent innovation practices of wafer stage, including aspects such as core technology breakthroughs, basic capacity enhancements, industrial chain collaboration, and the construction of industry-university-research support systems, the internal laws for the …

Present Situation, Problems And Suggestions Of Advanced Optical Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Technology, Xin Zhang, Kuo Hai, Zizheng Li, Yinghuai Zhang, Binzhi Zhang, Yunfei Zhang, Zhongming Zang, Peng Zeng, Mingtao Wu, Kailong Li, Lisong Yan, Taixi Cehn, Yigang Qian, Hongfei Jiao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous development of key fields such as laser nuclear fusion, space-to-earth observation, deep space exploration, and extreme ultraviolet lithography, the demand for optical components with high surface shape accuracy and high surface quality is increasing. Advanced optical ultra-precision manufacturing technology has become the core pillar of the national high-end manufacturing field. In this paper, the research status of advanced optical ultra-precision manufacturing technology in China is described with the focus on material preparation technology of optical components, ultra-precision forming, polishing, testing and surface treatment technology of components. The existing problems and countermeasures in this field in China are …

Generative Ai-Driven Paradigm Shift For Future Industrial Innovation, Lan Xue, Lidan Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Generative AI, as the core engine triggering a paradigm shift in future industrial innovation, is propelling the next generation of artificial intelligence toward a “new qualitative state” characterized by deep thinking and long-chain reasoning. This study, grounded in the emerging attributes of generative AI-driven future industrial innovation, examines the mutually constitutive relationship between generative AI and industrial innovation in the digit-intelligence era. Through three analytical dimensions, namely, AI-driven transformation of knowledge production paradigms, the reconstruction of technological agency spaces, and the unleashing of new qualitative factor values, it thoroughly deciphers the paradigm evolution driven by generative AI. Furthermore, it proposes …

Development Of China’S Ultra-Precision Equipment Industry And Support Of Patient Capital, Hong Jiang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As a core field of high-end manufacturing, China’s ultra-precision equipment industry has achieved rapid development driven by policy support and technological advancements. Nevertheless, it still faces challenges such as technological bottlenecks, international competition, and funding shortages. Its characteristics—long R&D cycles, high risks, and substantial capital investments—are misaligned with the risk-averse nature of traditional financial systems, urgently requiring the support of “patient capital”. Although China possesses a vast pool of long-term capital (e.g., social security funds and insurance funds), systemic gaps prevent these funds from being effectively transformed into patient capital that supports frontier technologies. This study argues that developing patient …

Challenges And Opportunities For Semiconductor Equipment Facing 15th Five-Year Plan, Tianchun Ye, Yu Zhu, Guoming Zhang, Xiaoli Du, Zhenlin Lei, Pengpeng Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

During the “15th Five-Year Plan”, China’s semiconductor equipment industry is facing the dual challenges of technological blockade and supply chain decoupling. It needs to shift from “catching up and replacing” to “path innovation” to break through its dependence on the international technology system. This study analyzes three core needs: supporting self-reliance (breaking through the bottleneck of advanced process equipment and parts), building an innovation ecosystem with Chinese characteristics (exploring new technology paths such as GAA and 3D integration), and promoting intelligent upgrading (integrating AI and digital technology). At the same time, it proposes to use the strategy of “re-globalization” to …

Materials Science And Technology In Ultra-Precision Equipment, Jun Tan, Feng Liu, Mingsheng Luo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The technological advancement of ultra-precision equipment is highly dependent on the development of advanced high-performance materials. The preparation and processing techniques of key materials directly impact the performance and service behavior of ultra-precision equipment. Nevertheless, the shortcomings in high-performance materials have become major weaknesses in China’s high-end equipment manufacturing. This study systematically summarizes the application of advanced materials in ultra-precision equipment and provides an in-depth analysis of the current status of material preparation and processing technologies, and prospects for future development directions in this field are offered as well. Based on a thorough analysis of the main issues currently faced …

Ultra-Precision Equipment For 15th Five-Year Plan: Challenges And Opportunities, Jianlin Cao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

People generally refer to equipment with micron-level precision in manufacturing processes as precision equipment, while equipment meeting requirements beyond the micron level (nanometer-level) is termed ultra-precision equipment. Ultra-precision equipment serves as the foundation of advanced manufacturing today and is also a critical component of several high-tech industries, such as integrated circuits, displays, aerospace, instrumentation, and high-end machine tools. The level of ultra-precision equipment in these industries has a decisive impact on their development. Ultra-precision equipment is also the crystallization of modern scientific, technological, and engineering practices, and its development is a historically iterative process, requiring the interplay of demand-driven factors, …

Vigorously Promote Technological Innovation Oriented Towards Industrial Development, Guojie Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

From the perspective of scientific and technological workers, this study discusses some understanding and conceptual issues related to the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Firstly, it points out that the shift from emphasizing “transformation of achievements” to emphasizing “deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation” is a sublimation in the understanding of the laws of scientific and technological development and economic growth. The connection point between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation is the problem to be solved, and the focus of the connection is frontier technology research to explore the feasible pathways. …