Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Application And Prospect Of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, Shuo Li, Yuantao Wu, Chen Li, Hongyu Zhao, Yiping Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is one of the advanced technologies for human to explore and understand the ocean. It is an important equipment for China's construction of a marine power. This study introduces the current development status of UUV, with special focus on the latest application achievements of China's pedigree UUV developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in deep-sea mineral resource exploration, deep-sea scientific research, abyss research and North-South polar expedition. Combined with the current research basis of UUV, the development and application of underwater vehicle in the future are prospected. Through the research and development …

Development Status And Prospect Of Marine Environmental Security Technology, Huabin Mao, Yuantao Wu, Jianping Yin, Shumin Lian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous progress of ocean observation technology, more and more technical means have been provided for marine environmental safety technology. The marine environmental security technology plays an indispensable role in the national Belt and Road Initiatives. Meanwhile, it not only plays a crucial role in the achievement of building a maritime power and the maintenance of national maritime security, but also plays a positive role in promoting the construction of a "community with a shared future for the oceans" and implementing the goal of marine sustainable development. Based on the practical problems, this study introduces the system composition of …

Research On Internationalization Of China’S Think Tanks, Chunhui Gan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The international development of Chinese think tanks is of great significance in promoting the modernization of national governance, supporting public diplomacy and promoting cultural exchanges between China and other countries. In the process of highquality development, Chinese think tanks should focus on improving their ability to set and research global issues, improving the quality of international exchanges and cooperation, carrying out international talent training and organization building, innovating skills and methods of international communication, initiating think tank diplomacy, and providing guarantee on the institutional framework and mechanism for internationalization.

Critical Infrastructures For Developing Uavs’ Applications And Low-Altitude Public Air-Route Network Planning, Xiaohan Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huping Ye, Xiang Tan, Shifeng Fang, Yaohuan Huang, Jing Lin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Contemporary unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are characterized by huge numbers, wide applications, frequent activities, and massive end-users. High standards of reliability and robustness of the software and hardware systems on board UAVs become imminent for safe operations. UAVs' operations are largely dependent on new technologies and external high-technology infrastructures. Among them, the low-altitude public air-route network is a key new type of infrastructure to ensure the safe and efficient operation of UAVs. A further research and promotion of the low-altitude "sky road" infrastructures as the core is conducive to the development of the urban air traffic network and the promotion …

Policy Overview (June, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Work In Education: Teachers’ Professional Commitment In A Changing World, Ee Ling Low, Sao-Ee Goh, Jocelyn Shi Yah Tan

New England Journal of Public Policy

In the midst of a changing global societal workplace and landscape, it is natural to hunt for stability. In the educational realm, however, finding stability is about what we can simplify and clarify in order to keep driving a high level of professional commitment by teachers with the goal of producing high teacher-quality outcomes. This article aims to identify the factors that drive teachers’ career-long commitment to their profession. We studied thirty-five primary school teachers across six career stages, from beginning teachers to those close to retirement, to uncover essential conditions, such as a supportive school leadership that helps teachers …

Jasmine’S Day: An Ai Education Story, Rob Weil

New England Journal of Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Collective Bargaining And Digitalization: A Global Survey Of Union Use Of Collective Bargaining To Increase Worker Control Over Digitalization, Eckhard Voss, Daniel Bertossa

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article outlines and collates exemplary clauses from collective bargaining agreements and similar sources, such as guidelines for union negotiators on digitalization in public and private services. Based on the evaluation of agreements and single clauses and their mapping along seven key dimensions of workers’ rights and protection as regards digital technology in the workplace, the research shows that collective bargaining provides clear added value in the absence of legal provisions and by complementing and tailoring existing regulation to sectoral and workplace specificities, new emerging risks, and other challenges. The research that will feed into an online database on the …

Reshaping The Digitization Of Public Services, Christina J. Colclough

New England Journal of Public Policy

Across the world, public services are rapidly being digitized. However, because of poor public procurement supplier contracts, poor laws, and a lack of governance processes and bodies, and because of competency gaps from all parties involved, digitization is happening in a void. As a consequence, harms are caused and rights are violated, threatening the future of quality public services. From the vantage point of public services as a service as well as a workplace, this article discusses potential remedies to ensure that digitalization does not affect the quality of public services as services and as places of employment. It spells …

Smart Education Technology: How It Might Transform Teaching (And Learning), Stéphan Vincent-Lancrin

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article highlights the importance of digitalization as a societal trend for education and discusses how artificial intelligence and learning analytics are transforming (or have the potential to transform) educational practices. It showcases the opportunities of smart technologies for education systems and how the work and role of teachers could be affected, before making some forward-looking concluding remarks.

At The Intersection Of The Future Of Work And Education, David Edwards

New England Journal of Public Policy

“At the Intersection of the Future of Work and Education” explores work in education as well as the contribution of education to the future of work in other sectors. It argues that, in both instances, a strong, well-financed, high-quality system of public education is needed.

The operation of school systems during the pandemic deepened long-standing problems of financing, segregation, inequality, and discrimination inside and between countries. Distance learning was a quantum leap in the use of artificial intelligence and other technology depriving learners of social relationships.

Governments are not implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 4 on education. That …

Proactive Union And Teacher Strategies For Shaping Technology In Education, Thomas A. Kochan

New England Journal of Public Policy

Artificial intelligence and related technologies will have profound effects on the future of work in all industries and occupations, including education. But technology has no predetermined effects. How it will change work, working conditions, and the performance of organizations depends on who participates in the key decisions that (1) define the problems technology is asked to solve, (2) set the design parameters that shape specific applications, (3) link new technologies and work processes, (4) ensure that the workforce is well-prepared to use advanced technologies, (5) determine who controls the data generated by these tools, and (6) address the needs of …

A.I.’S Impact On Jobs, Skills, And The Future Of Work: The Unesco Perspective On Key Policy Issues And The Ethical Debate, Gabriela Ramos

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article discusses how the principles, values, and actionable policy areas detailed in the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI can help steer the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on jobs, skills, and the future of work in an inclusive, accountable, transparent, and people-centered way, and in line with the rule of law. It also discusses the provisions contained in this normative instrument compared with existing evidence on the cognitive and socioemotional skills required in the digital era, and the way AI is shaping job tasks, employment dynamics, and occupational mobility-related needs. It examines the challenges and possibilities related …

Crafting An Innovation Ecosystem That Works For Working People, Amanda Ballantyne, Patrick Woodall, Katie Corrigan, Edward Wytkind

New England Journal of Public Policy

The rapid pace and expanding scope of technological change is reshaping work and the workplace. These innovations can benefit workers by improving safety, reducing physical or repetitive burdens, or creating new types of jobs. But automation and new technologies can also eliminate workers, deskill occupations, reduce autonomy and job satisfaction, and erode economic stability for working families that contribute to the rising economic and racial inequality. These technologies do not fall from the sky; they are incubated in an innovation ecosystem shaped by public policy and public-research funding that is driven largely by an oligopoly of Big Tech companies and …

Chinese-Backed Fintech Lending Boom: How Did Indonesia Respond?, Angela Tritto, Yujia He, Victoria Amanda Junaedi

Diplomacy and International Commerce Reports

Peer-to-peer (P2P) online lending has the potential to boost innovation and financial inclusion in emerging markets, yet it can also incur investment and borrower-related risks, such as privacy breaches.

Driven by regulation control in China, Chinese investments flocked to Indonesia, causing a rapid expansion of online lending platforms.

Similar to what happened in China prior to the regulatory crackdown, the P2P lending boom in Indonesia saw a rise in unethical and illegal business practices. The government responded by creating new regulations and institutions to mitigate risks without stifling the potential for financial inclusion.

A proactive approach towards monitoring and regulating …

Layout Of Basic Research Based On Think Tank Double Helix Methodology, Jinbo Wan, Jian Jiao, Peng Du

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The layout of basic research is a typical multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary comprehensive policy research, which is suitable to be guided by the think tank double helix methodology. Firstly, the study summarizes the "organization" and theoretical understanding of basic research layout. Secondly, based on MIPS logical hierarchy method and DIIS process fusion method, the study analyzes the fusion mechanism of "discipline layout" and "task layout" of basic research. Finally, the study puts forward the promotion strategies and measures of the future basic research layout from four aspects:system layout, discipline layout, task layout, and international layout.

Formulating Decade Action Plan For Green And Quality Development In Bohai Sea, Shicheng Wang, Shuguang Liu, Hongsheng Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the only inland sea of China, Bohai Sea has been regarded as the integrated part of the national territorial space toward green and high-quality development in the new era. The comprehensive environmental treatment in Bohai Sea has achieved noticeable progress, but the problems remain. The trend of biological and ecological degradation of Bohai Sea has not been fundamentally curbed. Guided by President Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization and on building a maritime community with a shared future, China should join into the Implementation Plan for the United Nations Decade of Marine Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), and manage …

Marine Ranching Version 3.0: History, Status And Prospects, Hongsheng Yang, Dewen Ding

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the 1930s, the construction of marine ranching has successively experienced the version 1.0 (traditional marine ranching) of farming-ranching and engineering, and the version 2.0 (marine ecological ranching) of ecologization and informatization, and now it is about to enter the version 3.0 (global aquatic ecological ranching) of digitalization and systematization, which covers seawater and fresh water. Marine ranching version 3.0 must adhere to the modern aquatic ecological ranching development concept of "ecology, precision, intelligence, integration", characterized by synchronous protection and utilization, expansion of scene and space, breakthrough in core technology, and innovation in development patterns. After establishing the whole industrial …

Policy Overview (March–May, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Women In Tech In The Mountain West Cities, 2021, Saha Salahi, Joshua Padilla, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet examines data exploring the SmartAsset, “Best Cities for Women in Tech – 2021 Edition” and presents information on the best cities for women in tech in the Mountain West. This fact sheet focuses on the eight cities in the Mountain West region that appear within the 63 U.S. cities included in the original report.

Strategy Of Scientific And Technological Powerhouse In New Era, Jiaofeng Pan, Jinbo Wan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Scientific and technological powerhouse is the core of a fully modernized country, and the scientific and technological modernization is an important part of modernization with Chinese characteristics. To grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build the new development pattern, and promote the high-quality development, it is urgent to systematically promote the construction of scientific and technological powerhouse (STP) in the new era from the perspective of strategic system. Firstly, define the strategic connotation and establish the strategic system analysis framework of "strategic environment-strategic objectives-strategic capabilitiesstrategic actions". Secondly, analyze the strategic environment for constructing an STP, accurately …

Ten-Year Review And Future Trend Of Scientific And Technological Reform, Defang He, Fuqiang Tang, Hui Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

From the aspects of the macro-governance capability of science and technology (S&T), the mechanism for tackling emerging problems, the life-time career of S&T researchers, the innovation chain of S&T activities, the life cycle of enterprises, innovation players, regional innovation system, and the ecology of S&T innovation, this study systematically reviews the practical exploration and effects of China's S&T reform experience since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It also analyzes the latest S&T reforming characteristics in many other innovative countries, such as stronger strategic coordination, broader government intervention, more concern of disruptive innovation and future …

Continuously Strengthening Basic Research And Solidifying Foundation Of Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Strengthening, Yujiang Ye

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the overall engine of all technical issues. Guided by the remarks made by Gerneral Secretary Xi Jinping, this paper elaborates the development rules and trends of basic research. It systematically summarizes the achievements in the development of China's basic research after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Based on the thorough analysis on opportunities and challenges currently faced by China's basic research, it proposes the idea of continuously strengthening basic research and accelerating the process of achieving sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher level.

Research On Financial Support For Scientific And Technological Innovation—Review And Prospect Of Development Of Financial Science And Technology In Past Ten Years, Lu Zhao, Yu Cheng, Qi Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the central and local finance, in accordance with the requirements of President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping, gave full play to their functions, and introduced a series of policies and measures to support scientific and technological innovation, which has effectively promoted the development of science and technology in China. The article reviews the basic situation of financial support for scientific and technological innovation in the past ten years from nine aspects, and looks forward to the future development and reform of financial science and technology.

Review On Reform Of Research Evaluation In Past Decade, Fang Xu, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Over the past decade, there have been many scientific and technological evaluation reform documents and great efforts represented by "Three Evaluations" and breaking "Four Only", which have achieved good results but the gap is still huge. This reform has better eliminated the surface problems such as unreasonable evaluation quantity, frequency, and index in the "Three Evaluations". The reform has been initiated in the reward system, talent plan, and project fund management, but is still halfway. The reform of scientific and technological evaluation has not yet achieved a fundamental improvement in the value orientation of guiding scientific researchers to pursue excellence …

Ten-Year Development Of China’S Science And Technology Talent Policies And Optimizing Approach For Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Improvement, Kaihua Chen, Rui Guo, Ruimin Pei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the science and technology (S&T) talent policies in China have been continuously optimized and developed Consequently, a multi-layered policy system with vertical and horizontal linkages has been formed. The education and training policies have been improved, the utilization and development policies of talents have been enhanced, and the evaluation and incentive policies have become more rational, which effectively guaranteed the high-quality development of China's S&T talents. However, there are still several problems with the current S&T talent policy system, such as incomplete system, low precision, low integration of technological …

China In Global Landscape Of Life Sciences, Xian-En Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The development of life science for over 150 years can be summarized into three stages:classical genetics, molecular genetics and molecular biology, life omics and systems biology. The contemporary life science is unprecedentedly prosperous, showing several new characteristics:original discoveries emerge in endlessly, promoting massive bottom-level innovations; the convergence of multiple disciplines promotes biological sciences from qualitative description to dynamic, precise and quantitative interpretation; scientific data sharing has become a common rule in the life science community; and the rise of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI) provides a new paradigm for life science research. These characteristics enable the knowledge about life …

Analysis Of Principles Of Development Of Key Technologies, Yungang Bao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

How to development key technologies requires understanding the principles of technology evolution. This study proposes that the development process of key technologies follows the Metcalf's Law. Furthermore, this paper presents two principles of the development of key technologies from different angles. Finally, several suggestions are raised.

Orientation And Role Of National Scientific Research Institutions In National Strategic Scientific And Technological Strength, Chunliang Fan, Zhe Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

An important task of enhancing strategic scientific and technological strength is to strengthen national scientific research institutions. From the history of science and the international development, this study discusses the development of the national research institutions and their characteristics as a national strategic strength of science and technology, and discusses the role of Chinese national research institutions in national development, summarizes the achievements and successful experience of the national research institutions for facing the needs of the country, facing the frontier of science and technology, facing the main economic battlefield, and facing the life and health of the people during …

Promoting Infrastructure Construction In Advance To Support Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Strengthening At Higher Level, Yang Wang, Yuanchun Zhou, Yanguang Wang, Jianhui Li, Fazhi Qi, Honglin He, Fangyu Liao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The research infrastructure is the basic and strategic platform of scientific and technological innovation. In the last decade, China's research infrastructure has achieved leapfrog development in the level of observation, manufacturing, management, data acquisition, data sharing and utilization, which supports China's scientific and technological innovation activities at a higher level. Looking into the future, the scientific research paradigm is transforming. The network, data, and computing platform will not only support the development of major science and technology infrastructure and field stations in larger, more accurate, and more advanced approach, but also contribute to the transformation of scientific research paradigm. It …