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Articles 91 - 120 of 366
Full-Text Articles in Peace and Conflict Studies
Subject Formation, Fundamentalism And Instrumentalist Nationalism In Zimbabwean Politics, Joram Tarusarira Dr.
Subject Formation, Fundamentalism And Instrumentalist Nationalism In Zimbabwean Politics, Joram Tarusarira Dr.
Peace and Conflict Studies
This article argues that despite presiding over a failed economy, the Zimbabwe African Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) led by Robert Mugabe, has willing and enthusiastic supporters. There are claims that the large crowds witnessed singing and dancing at ZANU PF rallies are mobilized by force because the attendees do not benefit anything from supporting the regime. In a divergence from the consensus of the literature, this article surfaces other explanations than coercion for the huge turnout at rallies, rented crowds, handouts, and well-articulated election manifestos. The psychological dimension, especially the fundamentalist mindset created by instrumentalist nationalism, is one such …
Negotiating Under The Security Dilemma A Loss-Framed Approach To The Question Of Cyprus, Pavlos Ioannis Koktsidis Dr.
Negotiating Under The Security Dilemma A Loss-Framed Approach To The Question Of Cyprus, Pavlos Ioannis Koktsidis Dr.
Peace and Conflict Studies
The present study introduces a revised adaptation of the “ethnic security dilemma” theory to explain the nature of antagonisms between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots in negotiations for resolving the Cyprus Question. The proposed theory accounts for security positions adopted by parties under conditions of fear and uncertainty. The indistinguishability of offensive-defensive positions and the perceived windows of opportunity have turned the negotiating process into a competitive cost-benefit problem marked by their distinct security considerations. Furthermore, the study develops a loss-framed negotiations model to illustrate likely choices when perceived costs outweigh the importance of prospective gains. The analysis concludes that …
The Togolese Truth, Justice And Reconciliation Commission: Lessons For Transitional Justice Processes Elsewhere, Jeremy J. Sarkin Prof, Tetevi Davi
The Togolese Truth, Justice And Reconciliation Commission: Lessons For Transitional Justice Processes Elsewhere, Jeremy J. Sarkin Prof, Tetevi Davi
Peace and Conflict Studies
Certain truth and reconciliation processes around the world remain understudied. This means that valuable lessons for transitional justice processes elsewhere are not learned. This article therefore examines lessons from the Togolese Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation Commission (CVJR). It examines the historical context of violence in Togo in order to understand why the country decided to establish a truth commission and looks at how previous inquiries established the need for such a process. Other issues examined are the CVJR’s mandate, the time period provided to do its work, and the pros and cons of the choices made with respect to these …
Rethinking Baloch Secularism: What The Data Say, C. Christine Fair, Ali Hamza
Rethinking Baloch Secularism: What The Data Say, C. Christine Fair, Ali Hamza
Peace and Conflict Studies
Since 1947, Baloch have resisted inclusion into the Pakistan and have waged several waves of ethno-nationalist insurgency against the state. Scholars and Baloch nationalist leaders alike generally assert that Baloch are more secular than other Pakistanis, more opposed to the political Islamist policies pursued by the state, and less supportive of Islamist militancy in the country. However, these claims lack empirical support. We employ data derived from a large national survey of Pakistanis from 2012 to evaluate these conventional wisdoms. Contrary to claims in the literature, we find that Baloch resemble Pakistanis generally with few important exceptions.
Appraising Positive Aspects Of Shared History Through Contact- A Preliminary Model Of Reconciliation Among Hindus And Muslims Of The Kashmir Valley, Sramana Majumdar Dr
Appraising Positive Aspects Of Shared History Through Contact- A Preliminary Model Of Reconciliation Among Hindus And Muslims Of The Kashmir Valley, Sramana Majumdar Dr
Peace and Conflict Studies
The long-standing political conflict in the Kashmir Valley has resulted in identity based polarization and subsequent displacement of communities. Reconciliation between Hindus (also known as Pandits) and Muslims is viewed as an important step in any sustainable effort towards conflict resolution and peacebuilding in the Valley. This paper begins by examining the much debated territorial and cultural concept of ‘Kashmiriyat’ and instead proposes an alternative lens that emphasizes on shared history as opposed to common identity. We approach reconciliation through a socio-psychological lens by examining the role of a shared cultural past and historical coexistence- or simply put as shared …
Sport And Peace-Building In Divided Societies: A Case Study On Colombia And Northern Ireland, Alexander Cardenas
Sport And Peace-Building In Divided Societies: A Case Study On Colombia And Northern Ireland, Alexander Cardenas
Peace and Conflict Studies
In recent years, sport has been acknowledged by a broad range of organisations as a viable tool to promote peace in highly volatile contexts. Acknowledging the complexity and myriad of issues that shape and define the Colombian and Northern Irish struggles, this article explores the use of sport to advance peace-building as seen through the lenses of the personnel involved in designing, supporting and implementing sport-based peace interventions (SDP officials) in both regions. This paper found points of commonality and divergence between Colombia and Northern Ireland showing that the unique conflict dynamics in both cases have played a major role …
Israeli Peacemaking Since 1967: Factors Behind The Breakthroughs And Failures, By Galia Golan. Reviewed By Michael Garver, Michael E. Garver
Israeli Peacemaking Since 1967: Factors Behind The Breakthroughs And Failures, By Galia Golan. Reviewed By Michael Garver, Michael E. Garver
Peace and Conflict Studies
This book review analyzes Galia Golan’s recent book Israeli Peacemaking Since 1967: Factors Behind the Breakthroughs and Failures. Using seven (7) conflicts following the 1967 Seven-day War, Golan identifies the actors and processes that were factors that led to progress or failure in the peacemaking relations between Israel, neighboring Arab nations, and international parties. Leadership, security, and interstate negotiation were the three (3) primary factors that were identified as having the greatest impact on Israeli peacemaking process, both positive and negative. The interplay between primary leaders and leaders of opposing factions (spoilers) is traced through the course of the initiation …
Democratization, Parliamentary Power, And Belligerency: A Quantitative Analysis, Afa'anwi Ma'abo Che
Democratization, Parliamentary Power, And Belligerency: A Quantitative Analysis, Afa'anwi Ma'abo Che
Peace and Conflict Studies
Research linking democratization, institutional strength, and war prescribes the construction of strong central government institutions prior to mass elections as a prime mechanism for mitigating the danger of international belligerency associated with democratization. However, institutional analysis of the democratization – war linkage skews institutional strength measures in favour of the executive, overlooking the other arms of government. Drawing on Côte d’Ivoire’s 2010 – 2011 internationalized post-election civil conflict, which was largely engendered by excessive executive powers and limited legislative leverage, this paper quantitatively evaluates the effect state legislatures bear on the democratization – war linkage. The evaluations yield at least …
Looking For Peace In The National Curricula Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Katerina Standish, Rula Talahma
Looking For Peace In The National Curricula Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Katerina Standish, Rula Talahma
Peace and Conflict Studies
What values do national curricular statements communicate related to peace, conflict, violence and nonviolence? Schools are places that teach morals and mind-sets—transmission belts—cultural establishments that can contribute to how a student learns (pedagogy) and what a student learns (curriculum). Informed by Curriculum Theory and Peace Education Theory this mixed-method study utilizes directive and summative content analysis to inspect the General Statement, Teachers Guide and Shari’a national curricular statements at the elementary and preparatory level (mandatory education) for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It examines each document for three elements found routinely in peace education (PE): recognition of violence; addressing …
Examining Peacebuilding Through A Trauma Lens: Practitioner Reflections On Programs For Youth Exposed To Traumatic Stressors In Intergroup Conflict, Liza Hester
Peace and Conflict Studies
The international community recognizes that young people are increasingly vulnerable to psychosocial trauma within in intergroup conflict. Exposure to traumatic stressors within these conflicts poses unique risks not only to the neurological and social development of youth, but also to their capacities to fully engage in peacebuilding interventions. With a growing focus on youth programming in peacebuilding strategies, there is greater imperative to explore the intersections of trauma and peacebuilding, which are naturally linked in their focus on intra- and inter-personal transformation. This intersection has largely been overlooked in the literature, though it deserves far greater attention based on the …
Gendering Human Rights: Threat And Gender Perceptions As Predictors Of Attitudes Towards Violating Human Rights In Asymmetric Conflict, Yossi David, Nimrod Rosler, Donald Ellis, Ifat Maoz
Gendering Human Rights: Threat And Gender Perceptions As Predictors Of Attitudes Towards Violating Human Rights In Asymmetric Conflict, Yossi David, Nimrod Rosler, Donald Ellis, Ifat Maoz
Peace and Conflict Studies
We introduce, in this study, a gendering human rights model in which perceiving outgroups as having stereotypical feminine traits predicts decreased support for violating their human rights through the mediation of threat perception. This model is tested in the context of the asymmetrical protracted Israeli-Palestinian conflict using Jewish-Israeli public opinion polling data (N=517). In line with our expectations, the findings indicate that Jewish-Israeli perceptions of Palestinians as having stereotypical feminine traits predict lower levels of threat perception from Palestinians and consequently less support for violating their human rights. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding factors that attenuate …
Peace Building In Bosnia And Herzegovina: Effects Of Ingroup Identification, Outgroup Trust And Intergroup Forgiveness On Intergroup Contact, Melinda A. Leonard, Branka Damjanovic, Goran Simic, Gul Aldikacti Marshall
Peace Building In Bosnia And Herzegovina: Effects Of Ingroup Identification, Outgroup Trust And Intergroup Forgiveness On Intergroup Contact, Melinda A. Leonard, Branka Damjanovic, Goran Simic, Gul Aldikacti Marshall
Peace and Conflict Studies
The current study examines the effects of ingroup identification, outgroup trust, and intergroup forgiveness on intergroup contact quantity in the diverse cities of Sarajevo and Tuzla in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 455 individuals ranging in age from 14 to 102 self-reported as either Muslim, Roman Catholic, Orthodox Christian, or Other completed a questionnaire. Analyses revealed that ingroup identification was significantly and negatively correlated with intergroup contact quantity; however, ingroup identification was not significantly correlated with outgroup trust or intergroup forgiveness. The comparison between groups revealed significant group differences across all predictor and criterion variables. To confirm whether age …
You Have Atomic Bombs, We Have The Martyrdom-Seekers: Ayman Al-Zawahiri’S Narrative Arc Of The Martyr, Tim Huffman
You Have Atomic Bombs, We Have The Martyrdom-Seekers: Ayman Al-Zawahiri’S Narrative Arc Of The Martyr, Tim Huffman
Peace and Conflict Studies
Martyrdom has an undeniable rhetorical dimension, and part of a martyr’s voice is the manner of his or her death. However, martyrdom does not stand alone. It is contextualized and constructed by the voice of ideologues. This project looks at the spoken and written rhetoric of Ayman Al-Zawahiri, leader of al-Qaeda, and seeks to understand his descriptions, attributions, and stories about martyrs and martyrdom. An analysis of 93 statements by Zawahiri was performed to identify his overarching martyr narrative and archetype. Major findings include a taxonomy of martyr attributes and a narrative trajectory of martyrdom. While pro-USA rhetoric constructs al-Qaeda’s …
A Concomitant Of Conflict And Consensus: Case Of A Chieftaincy Succession In Ghana, Kaderi Noagah Bukari
A Concomitant Of Conflict And Consensus: Case Of A Chieftaincy Succession In Ghana, Kaderi Noagah Bukari
Peace and Conflict Studies
Ghana is often seen as peaceful, but is faced with many chieftaincy conflicts that result mainly from succession to the throne (skin or stool) for traditional political power. Ghana has more than 230 chieftaincy disputes dotted across many parts of the country. However, the Bulsa Traditional Area (Buluk) of Ghana has had a stable and resilient chieftaincy succession despite conflicts arising out of the selection of chiefs. In the selection of chiefs, the adoption of a voting system is said to lead to consensus based decision-making which is largely responsible for the non-violent nature of the Buluk chieftaincy …
Reflections On Peace From Interculturality, Dora Elvira Garcia-Gonzalez
Reflections On Peace From Interculturality, Dora Elvira Garcia-Gonzalez
Peace and Conflict Studies
This article purpose to think about interculturality in connection with what peace means, since many of the great conflicts in the history of humankind have been provoked by the failure to settle conflicts, by the absence of genuine dialogue and the inability to listen, thus producing violence among persons and among cultures. Therefore, to overcome these situations it is necessary a deep understanding of what peace means, as well as of its relation to justice and ethics. This will make it possible to seek the development of a positive interculturality, within a framework of peace. The existence of interculturality does …
"Our Branches Are Broken:" Using The Tree Of Life Healing Methodology With Victims Of Gukurahundi In Matebeleland, Zimbabwe, Dumisani Ngwenya
"Our Branches Are Broken:" Using The Tree Of Life Healing Methodology With Victims Of Gukurahundi In Matebeleland, Zimbabwe, Dumisani Ngwenya
Peace and Conflict Studies
Between 1983 and 1987, an estimated 20,000 people from Matabeleland and parts of Midlands Province in Zimbabwe were killed by government forces in an operation code-named Gukurahundi. Since that time, no official apology, justice, reparations or any form of healing process has been offered by the government which was responsible for these atrocities. Many people still suffer trauma from the events of this time. The overall question that this research project sought to answer was whether a small group of survivors of Gukurahundi could heal via participation over time in a group action research project directed at their healing. …
Evaluating Peace Support Operations To Enhance International Policy, Noreen Towle
Evaluating Peace Support Operations To Enhance International Policy, Noreen Towle
Peace and Conflict Studies
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created from the express consent of states and established upon a multilateral international treaty between those states in order to perform the functions of promoting international peace and security, aid in the development of international relations, promote human rights, and aid in “harmonizing actions” between nations. The most ardent of these functions falls to the UN Security Council due to its responsibility for maintaining peace and security. UN peacekeeping missions were originally an alternative to collective security but they have evolved into Peace Support Operations (PSO) and are deployed with a strategy …
Book Review - Lessons From The Northern Ireland Peace Process: A Volume Edited By Timothy J. White, Sarah Hanisko
Book Review - Lessons From The Northern Ireland Peace Process: A Volume Edited By Timothy J. White, Sarah Hanisko
Peace and Conflict Studies
No abstract provided.
The Components Of Dehumanization, Aniuska M. Luna
The Components Of Dehumanization, Aniuska M. Luna
Peace and Conflict Studies
Dehumanization is a complex, relational and subjective phenomenon. Studies on it primarily focus on how it enables abuse in the midst of conflict, or how it shapes perceptions of others. Scholars, however, have not deconstructed it into components. The current article breaks down dehumanization into three components: elements, characteristics, and dimensions. It is hoped that the discussion of the connection between the three can encourage additional discussions on how each of the components contributes to dehumanization and how that can help towards undermining it. Until the phenomenon is understood from its most basic to its most elaborate parts, undermining dehumanization …
Toward A Buddhist Theory Of Structural Peace: Lessons From Myanmar In Transition, Tatsushi Arai
Toward A Buddhist Theory Of Structural Peace: Lessons From Myanmar In Transition, Tatsushi Arai
Peace and Conflict Studies
This essay analyzes the result of in-depth interviews that the author conducted with Burmese Buddhist leaders, with a view toward building Buddhist theories of social conflict, reconciliation, and structural peace. Findings include their shared understanding of the deeply spiritual, inner-directed nature of conflict and reconciliation, and their highly divergent, contested understandings of the structural roots of human suffering in today’s globalized and interconnected world. To meet these structural challenges, this essay introduces the concept of structural awareness, which it defines as educated, enlightened consciousness to appreciate and act responsibly on the complex chains of causal relations in which well-intended action …
Civil Society At The Negotiation Table, Legitimacy Beliefs And Durable Peace, Direnç Kanol
Civil Society At The Negotiation Table, Legitimacy Beliefs And Durable Peace, Direnç Kanol
Peace and Conflict Studies
It is argued that including civil society at the negotiation table can increase the perceived legitimacy of peace treaties. As a result, it can contribute to the consolidation of peace. In this paper, the author presents the findings from a controlled experiment in order to test the impact of inclusive peace negotiations on the perceived legitimacy of peace treaties. Contrary to the expectations of the scholars working on the inclusiveness and the consolidation of peace hypothesis, the results show that the treatment group in the experiment does not perceive inclusive peace agreements to be more legitimate.
Volume 22, Number 1 (Spring 2015), Peace And Conflict Studies
Volume 22, Number 1 (Spring 2015), Peace And Conflict Studies
Peace and Conflict Studies
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of The Induced Compliance Paradigm On Emotions During Inter-Group Conflict, Roi Edelstein, Yigal Rosen
The Effect Of The Induced Compliance Paradigm On Emotions During Inter-Group Conflict, Roi Edelstein, Yigal Rosen
Peace and Conflict Studies
The existence and intensity of a conflict are dependent in part on the attitudes and emotions of an individual. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of creating cognitive dissonance in order to change attitudes towards out-group members. The current study examines the ability to decrease negative emotions and to increase the empathy in a conflict situation through the induced compliance paradigm. An experiment was performed on 60 Jewish students in Israel regarding the context of the conflict between Jewish and Arab-Israeli citizens in Israel. Some of the participants (n=43) performed an induced-compliance task focused on writing an essay as an Arab-Israeli …
Looking For Peace In The Australian National Curricula, Katerina Standish
Looking For Peace In The Australian National Curricula, Katerina Standish
Peace and Conflict Studies
Education can be a source of cultural attitudes—a transmission belt—a cultural institution that can dispense communal values and cultural ideals in both teaching and curriculum. This empirical mixed-methods study utilizes the methodologies of directive (qualitative) and summative (quantitative) content analysis to analyse the national curricular statements of Australia (Early Learning, Foundation to 10 and, Senior 11-12) to determine if three elements common in peace education programs appear: recognition of violence (direct, structural or cultural); addressing conflict nonviolently; and, creating the conditions of positive peace. It finds that despite a copious amount of violent content, overall, the curricula …
Lessons From The Kerry Peace Initiative And The Need For A Constructive Approach, Amira Schiff
Lessons From The Kerry Peace Initiative And The Need For A Constructive Approach, Amira Schiff
Peace and Conflict Studies
The failure of the most recent peace efforts in the Israeli Palestinian conflict, by Secretary of State Kerry, followed by the Palestinians’ decision to pursue the unilateral track, underlines the need to examine the factors that led to this failure and to draw lessons that perhaps will provide a better understanding of what is possible to achieve in a future negotiation. The following analysis indicates that the failure of the process can be attributed to structural factors, substantive factors and the third party’s conduct, including setting a goal that was unrealistic, asymmetrical conduct and a lack of understanding of the …
The Combined Effect Of Individualism – Collectivism On Conflict Styles And Satisfaction: An Analysis At The Individual Level, Regina Kim, Peter T. Coleman
The Combined Effect Of Individualism – Collectivism On Conflict Styles And Satisfaction: An Analysis At The Individual Level, Regina Kim, Peter T. Coleman
Peace and Conflict Studies
This research examines the relationships among individualism-collectivism (IND-COL), conflict management styles and conflict satisfaction. The authors aim to explain some of the inconclusive findings in the literature related to IND-COL and conflict styles by studying IND-COL as states, rather than dispositional traits. By taking a dynamic approach to conceptualizing IND-COL and measuring IND-COL over time, we investigate how different ratios of individualistic-to-collectivistic orientations are associated with different conflict management styles. Results show that individuals who employed a balanced focus (1:1 ratio) of both individualistic and collectivistic orientations utilized an integrative style in conflict more than individuals with either …
The Trouble With Truth-Telling: Preliminary Reflections On Truth And Justice In Post-War Liberia, Gabriel Twose Ph.D., Caitlin O. Mahoney Ph.D.
The Trouble With Truth-Telling: Preliminary Reflections On Truth And Justice In Post-War Liberia, Gabriel Twose Ph.D., Caitlin O. Mahoney Ph.D.
Peace and Conflict Studies
This study investigates perceptions of the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), particularly focusing on understandings of, and the links between, truth, justice, and reconciliation. Forty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted at three research sites in Liberia. Findings indicate that although most Liberians agreed with the TRC in principle, most of those who followed its proceedings saw major problems in its implementation, harming perceptions of reconciliation. Participants expressed concerns that the Commission had failed to discover the full truth of wartime abuses, that the truth that was discovered was not told in the right way, and that there had been problems …
Conflict Engagement: A Contingency Model In Theory And Practice, Jay Rothman
Conflict Engagement: A Contingency Model In Theory And Practice, Jay Rothman
Peace and Conflict Studies
The systematic study and applied practice of conflict resolution is now a few decades old and is evolving into its own field and perhaps towards its own discipline (Avruch, 2013). I believe an essential way forward towards a more robust field and discipline is to build a parsimonious contingency approach. That is, an approach for applying our best theoretical and analytical tools to diagnosing the nature and status of a given conflict and then systematically and adaptively matching up the best methods for constructively engaging the conflict as it evolves. Fisher and Keashly (1991) pioneered contingency theory in international conflict …
What Is “The Good” Of Arts-Based Peacebuilding? Questions Of Value And Evaluation In Current Practice, Mary Ann Hunter, Linda Page
What Is “The Good” Of Arts-Based Peacebuilding? Questions Of Value And Evaluation In Current Practice, Mary Ann Hunter, Linda Page
Peace and Conflict Studies
In a context of growing attention to the benefits of the arts in peacebuilding, this article reports on the findings of a small scoping study that aimed to identify how the arts are perceived and supported by international development agencies. Based on a 2012 analysis of five international aid agencies working in the South East Asia and Pacific region, the study found that arts and creative practices are not, as yet, afforded a significant role in current policy or strategy, although arts activity is recognised as a social development tool by agencies working in partnership with local organisations. Resulting from …
The Classroom As A Peace Incubator: A Us-Gaza Case Study, Ian S. Mcintosh, Jamil Alfaleet
The Classroom As A Peace Incubator: A Us-Gaza Case Study, Ian S. Mcintosh, Jamil Alfaleet
Peace and Conflict Studies
This paper describes the design, implementation, and lessons from a case study in transforming two university classrooms into what we call an international “peace incubator.” In the besieged Gaza Strip, opportunities for normalization of relations with Israel are almost non-existent, and there is very limited desire or personal capacity among the student population of Gaza to do the work of peace-building. A semester-long videoconference class linking IUPUI and Gaza University students sought to address this deficit by developing a model for building ties of friendship and cooperation. West Bank peace activist Juliano Mer Khamis once spoke of a coming Third …