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Articles 2941 - 2970 of 4089
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Anatomy Of A Controlling Message And The Impact Of Reactance On Attitude Certainty, Thomas Vincent Staunton Jr.
The Anatomy Of A Controlling Message And The Impact Of Reactance On Attitude Certainty, Thomas Vincent Staunton Jr.
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Psychological reactance theory (Brehm, 1966) has helped guide research on resistance to persuasion for over a half century. The theory holds that individuals value their freedom to make their own decisions, and when presented with a persuasive message, may perceive threat to their autonomy and react adversely to the message. Impersonal or mass disseminated messages, particularly those in pro-social or health related contexts, often must communicate in a manner that is direct and forceful to get a clear point across as efficiently as possible. Such messages can be characterized as high controlling (HC) and are generally constructed by using explicit …
Identity Centrality Influences Group Members’ Self-Uncertainty, Self-Esteem, And Evaluations Of Moral Deviants, Jeff Varun Ramdass
Identity Centrality Influences Group Members’ Self-Uncertainty, Self-Esteem, And Evaluations Of Moral Deviants, Jeff Varun Ramdass
CGU Theses & Dissertations
A person who identifies with a group will gain many psychological benefits from their group identification. These benefits include reduced self-uncertainty (Hogg, 2007, 2021) and increased self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1986; see also Abrams & Hogg, 1988). Group members define and adhere to group norms (Turner et al., 1987) to gain the psychological benefits derived from group identification. However, not all group norms are equal. Moral norms, or norms relating to the group’s morality, are used to help people view themselves as moral people via being moral group members (Ellemers et al., 2013). Moral norms are viewed differently from nonmoral …
Malcontents In The Middle: Uncertainty-Identity, Extreme Religious Groups And Leader Rhetoric, Jared K. Chapman
Malcontents In The Middle: Uncertainty-Identity, Extreme Religious Groups And Leader Rhetoric, Jared K. Chapman
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Because religious extremism can set people on a path of aggression and violence toward others, sometimes in the form of terrorism (Moghaddam, 2005), identifying factors that increase susceptibility to religious extremism is essential to ending terrorism. One possible factor that acts as a catalyst leading people to religious extremism is uncertainty (Hogg et al., 2010a). To test this possibility, Chapman (2012) conducted an exploratory study assessing the effects of religiosity (defined as group, ritual, extrinsic, or external religiosity), spirituality (defined as individual, spiritual, intrinsic, or internal religiosity), and uncertainty (low, high) on a number of proxies for religious extremism, finding …
Investigating How Reading Enhances Empathy: A Longitudinal, Diary Study Of Everyday Reading Habits, Caleb H. Mitchell
Investigating How Reading Enhances Empathy: A Longitudinal, Diary Study Of Everyday Reading Habits, Caleb H. Mitchell
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Empathy is the social glue that holds people together, and one way to enhance empathy is through reading fiction. Though reading can enhance empathy, there is little understanding of the mechanisms by which it does so. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how time spent reading enhances empathy. I posit that two reading experience variables, narrative transportation and reading flow, mediate the relationship between reading and empathy. This is because transportation, feeling absorbed into a story, helps bring characters to life and increases readers’ emotional connections, and reading flow, a balance between skill and challenge while reading, can …
“All Men Are Created Equal?”: Insights And Implications Of Intersectional Precarious Manhood, Cleopatre M. Thelus
“All Men Are Created Equal?”: Insights And Implications Of Intersectional Precarious Manhood, Cleopatre M. Thelus
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Manhood that is characterized in terms of dominant culture in the United States includes strength, power, status, affluence, and occupational success (Vandello et al., 2008). However, men who are not members of dominant culture, such as Black men in the United States, often are excluded from access to characteristics of masculinity framed by dominant culture due to potential negative consequences that can result when they perform behaviors that symbolize strength and power (Bush & Bush, 2018; Katz, 1995; Staples, 1982). Precarious Manhood Theory (PMT) is a social psychological theory that explores the social category of gender (men/manhood/masculinity) as relates to …
How Spanish Speakers Express Norms Using Generic Person Markers, Cristina E. Salvador, Ariana Orvell, Ethan Kross, Susan A. Gelman
How Spanish Speakers Express Norms Using Generic Person Markers, Cristina E. Salvador, Ariana Orvell, Ethan Kross, Susan A. Gelman
Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship
Language is one powerful vehicle for transmitting norms—a universal feature of society. In English, people use “you” generically (e.g., “You win some you lose some”) to express and interpret norms. Here, we examine how norms are conveyed and interpreted in Spanish, a language that—unlike English—has two forms of you (i.e., formal, informal), distinct generic person markers, and pro-drop, allowing for an examination of underlying conceptual tendencies in how the structure of language facilitates the transmission of norms. In Study 1a-b (N = 838) Spanish speakers used informal generic-you and the generic person marker “se” (but not formal-you) to express norms …
What "You" And "We" Say About Me: How Small Shifts In Language Reveal And Empower Fundamental Shifts In Perspective, Ariana Orvell, Susan A. Gelman, Ethan Kross
What "You" And "We" Say About Me: How Small Shifts In Language Reveal And Empower Fundamental Shifts In Perspective, Ariana Orvell, Susan A. Gelman, Ethan Kross
Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship
One of the most fundamental, yet often overlooked, compo-nents of language is the personal pronoun system. Pronouns reveal and empower different perspectives, providing insight into and even altering how a person is conceptualiz-ing the self. Here, we illustrate how the pronouns “I,” “you,” and “we” can enable shifts in perspective that bring a person further from, or closer to, others. We additionally highlight the implications of these pronoun shifts on the address-ee(s). We review a growing body of research that focuses on how these words can function as both windows—provid-ing insight into the thoughts and emotions of a speaker, and …
Two Classes Of Political Activists: Evidence From Surveys Of U.S. College Students And U.S. Prisoners, Tomislav Pavlović, Sophia Moskalenko, Clark Mccauley
Two Classes Of Political Activists: Evidence From Surveys Of U.S. College Students And U.S. Prisoners, Tomislav Pavlović, Sophia Moskalenko, Clark Mccauley
Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship
We applied Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to responses to items from the Activism and Radicalism Intentions Scales (ARIS). In two studies (undergraduates n = 530) and prisoners (n = 670), item profiles identified four groups – Inert, Moderate Activists, Strong Activists, Radicals, and Mixed – that confirm and extend the levels of the Action Pyramid of the Two Pyramids Model of Radicalization. Radicals were a higher proportion of prisoners than undergraduate respondents (20% vs. 12%), and, among prisoners, Radicals were more likely than other groups to be gang members. The distinction between Moderate and Strong Activists is a surprising …
Teammates Instead Of Tools: The Impacts Of Level Of Autonomy On Mission Performance And Human–Agent Teaming Dynamics In Multi-Agent Distributed Teams, Summer Rebensky, Kendall Carmody, Cherrise Ficke, Meredith Carroll, Winston Bennett
Teammates Instead Of Tools: The Impacts Of Level Of Autonomy On Mission Performance And Human–Agent Teaming Dynamics In Multi-Agent Distributed Teams, Summer Rebensky, Kendall Carmody, Cherrise Ficke, Meredith Carroll, Winston Bennett
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Human–agent teaming (HAT) is becoming more commonplace across industry, military, and consumer settings. Agents are becoming more advanced, more integrated, and more responsible for tasks previously assigned to humans. In addition, the dyadic human–agent teaming nature is evolving from a one–one pair to one–many, in which the human is working with numerous agents to accomplish a task. As capabilities become more advanced and humanlike, the best method for humans and agents to effectively coordinate is still unknown. Therefore, current research must start diverting focus from how many agents can a human manage to how can agents and humans work together …
A Grounded Theory Approach To Rural Care Provider Perspectives Of Disability And Sexual Violence, Blake Elvrum Warner
A Grounded Theory Approach To Rural Care Provider Perspectives Of Disability And Sexual Violence, Blake Elvrum Warner
Dissertations and Theses
Research involving sexual violence among individuals with disabilities is scarce despite a prevalence rate higher than the general population. The perspectives of care providers regarding their experience working with individuals with disabilities who have experienced sexual violence is even less understood. The purpose of the current grounded theory study was to better understand the experience of care providers working with individuals with disabilities who have experienced sexual violence. Care providers of individuals with disabilities were recruited from disability services agencies and interviewed by the primary researcher. There were ten participants from a variety of direct care, ancillary care, and administrative …
Predictors Of Technology Use Among Older Adults: Evidence Ranging From Non-Users To Elite Users, Xiaoqing Wan
Predictors Of Technology Use Among Older Adults: Evidence Ranging From Non-Users To Elite Users, Xiaoqing Wan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Older adults tend to under-utilize digital technology and online services that can yield substantial benefits to their health and wellbeing. Addressing this problem requires determining robust and consistent predictors of older adults' technology use. Also, few studies have examined older adults who are elite users of digital technology, who may provide insights into how individuals can prepare to become competent users of future technologies as they age. To address these gaps in the technology and aging literature, this dissertation offers (1) large-scale machine learning analyses, (2) longitudinal perspectives, (3) age group comparisons across the adult life span, (4) the novel …
Gamification Of Sleep Hygiene Education For Insomnia: An Examination Of Its Efficacy And The Role Of Individual Differences, Christine Seaver
Gamification Of Sleep Hygiene Education For Insomnia: An Examination Of Its Efficacy And The Role Of Individual Differences, Christine Seaver
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Insomnia is a sleep disorder which is classified by one's persistent inability to fall asleep or maintain sleep. One common yet controversial approach to treating insomnia is sleep hygiene education (SHE). Sleep hygiene is defined as behaviors that promote quality sleep. SHE is typically provided through as a paper sheet containing a list of recommendations, and the findings regarding its efficacy are mixed. Providing insomnia sufferers with a SHE treatment modality that offers practice, feedback, and motivation may be effective at treating insomnia. Therefore, the first goal of the present study is to examine the efficacy of a game-based SHE …
Underlying Dimensions Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Pre And Post-Treatment In Women With Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder, Emy Willis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
A considerable proportion of women worldwide have experienced various manner of abuse in their lifetime (Devries et al., 2011). Women are more at risk of exposure to physical and sexual violence (Hedtke et al., 2008), and women who have experienced interpersonal violence are at heightened risk of developing several mental health conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders (SUDs; Acierno et al., 1999; McGruder-Johnson et al., 2000; Messman-Moore & Bhuptani, 2017). Treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUDs tend to be worse than for those diagnosed with PTSD alone (Schäfer & Najavits, 2007), and outcome …
Automation, Take The Wheel: An Examination Of Factors Influencing Trust In Automated Driver Assist Technologies, James Ferraro
Automation, Take The Wheel: An Examination Of Factors Influencing Trust In Automated Driver Assist Technologies, James Ferraro
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Driving technology has progressed significantly since the introduction of anti-lock braking and cruise control decades ago. Current driver assist features can alert drivers of oncoming vehicles and even take control to keep the vehicle centered within its lane. The level of trust that people place in automation can impact how they monitor and accept these automated systems. Previous research has shown several performance outcomes associated with improper calibrations of trust in automation. However, there is still a need to examine trust in the context of advanced driving technologies. Research has yet to sufficiently investigate factors influencing trust in assistive driving …
Dancing The Storm: Neurobiological Correlates Of Trauma-Related Psychopathology In Youth Resettled As Refugees, And The Efficacy Of Creative Arts And Movement Therapies To Address Trauma-Related Psychopathology, Lana Ruvolo Grasser
Wayne State University Dissertations
Exposure to stress and trauma activates key adaptive pathways, including the sympathetic adrenomedullary system and the immune system, which can result in long-term health impacts of trauma especially when experienced during sensitive developmental periods. Alterations in these systems are measurable through non-invasive methods including skin conductance response (SCR), fear potentiated startle (FPS), and inflammation. Research regarding the impact of trauma, and more specifically posttraumatic stress disorder, has primarily focused on adults, and there is a paucity of neurobiological research in displaced populations—like refugees—who may experience higher rates of trauma exposure and related psychopathology. The present study measured SCR to a …
Risk And Protective Factors For Sexual Aggression Across The Ecosystem: An Overview, Emily A. Waterman, Katie M. Edwards
Risk And Protective Factors For Sexual Aggression Across The Ecosystem: An Overview, Emily A. Waterman, Katie M. Edwards
Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications
Prevention of sexual aggression (which ranges from perpetration of unwanted sexual contact to attempted/completed rape) is a complex public health and safety issue that requires attention to multiple levels of social ecology (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004). The social ecological model provides a framework for understanding how risk and protective factors for sexual aggression exist at multiple levels, with some factors being more proximal such as the individual attitudes, and other factors being more distal such as the broader culture (e.g., laws and policies) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Indeed, research indicates a variety of risk …
Resilience Of Former Offenders Released From A Halfway House, Tasha Andrea Pritchett
Resilience Of Former Offenders Released From A Halfway House, Tasha Andrea Pritchett
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Former offenders confront a myriad of obstacles that often lead to re-offending and return to prison. Re-offending also creates financial and social burdens for taxpayers. There is some evidence that the consequences of incarceration for offenders can be buffered through resilience. Factors that promote resilience can be personal (internal) and environmental (external), and may directly or indirectly affect offenders’ adaptation, well-being, and development as they transition out of prison. The purpose of the study was to explore the narratives of resilience in adult males who have transitioned from halfway houses to mainstream society. Richardson’s metatheory of resilience and resiliency was …
The Experiences Of Female Survivors Of Sexual Assault When They Make A Police Report, Tracy L. Rainey
The Experiences Of Female Survivors Of Sexual Assault When They Make A Police Report, Tracy L. Rainey
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Nearly 20% of all women will be the victim of an attempted or completed sexual assault within the United States, yet less than one quarter of victims will report their experienced crime to law enforcement (LE). Many survivors of sexual violence experience apprehension about reporting sexual assault, due to fear of social consequences, relational consequences, and fear of the reprisal from LE officers. The purpose of this interpretive descriptive qualitative study was to describe and interpret the experiences of adult, female sexual assault survivors when they make a LE report about their victimization. Resilience theory, which is the study of …
Counselor Experience With Outcomes Of Telehealth And Substance Use Disorder, Shamarah Thomas-Hutchins
Counselor Experience With Outcomes Of Telehealth And Substance Use Disorder, Shamarah Thomas-Hutchins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Prior to 2020, telehealth, the remote delivery of health care via digital information and communication technologies, was rarely used in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities. The onset of COVID-19 quickly created a shift to telehealth services for the safety and health of providers and patients. Researchers have explored many aspects of telehealth, including the client and counselor/client experience, but have not studied the counselor experience separately. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand counselors’ lived experiences pertaining to telehealth use; perceptions of how it impacts clinical performance, self-efficacy, and training; and beliefs about its effectiveness when …
Correlation Of Meaning Making And Complex Trauma In Women Trafficked For Sex, Brenda Louise Tracey
Correlation Of Meaning Making And Complex Trauma In Women Trafficked For Sex, Brenda Louise Tracey
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractThe trafficking of women and girls into the sex industry is one of the world’s fastest growing crimes against humanity. The psychological impact of human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation on survivors has not been widely studied, creating a gap in the literature that merits further research to understand the processes of survivor rehabilitation and community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between complex posttraumatic stress disorder and having purpose in life among U.S. female citizens who were trafficked into the sex industry. Frankl’s theory of finding meaning was paired with Park’s theory of …
Exploring The Role Of Attachment Trauma In The Complex Ptsd Victim’S Self-Concept, Sadia Upright
Exploring The Role Of Attachment Trauma In The Complex Ptsd Victim’S Self-Concept, Sadia Upright
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder is a very serious mental health condition with long-term side effects that impact a victim’s quality of life. Many studies have been conducted that explore various aspects of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. However, there is a gap in research exploring the role of attachment trauma in the development of self-concept for complex posttraumatic stress disorder victims. This gap is relevant because treatment of this population has been decisively limited and attachment trauma has been found to be a correlate among many psychiatric groups. By identifying how attachment trauma develops self-concept, researchers and clinicians can be better …
A Phenomenological Study Of Mental Health Providers' Cultural Sensitivity Towards Latinx Clients, Nohemi Vasquez
A Phenomenological Study Of Mental Health Providers' Cultural Sensitivity Towards Latinx Clients, Nohemi Vasquez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractThis hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the lived professional experiences involving mental health providers’ cultural sensitivity towards Latinx clients in the context of mental health service delivery. Pedersen and Essadoh’s multiculturalism framework, known as the “fourth force” of psychology, was used as a guiding framework. Fifteen mental health providers were recruited. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews via Skype, in-person, or phone interviews with participants who had from two to over thirteen years of working experience with Latinx populations. Interviews were examined using an interpretive phenomenological analysis. Four themes emerged from participant responses. Findings revealed that cultural competence and cultural awareness …
Workaholism Development As A Self-Efficacy Behavior Among Black Women In The Workplace, Tiffany Nicole Johnson Lemon
Workaholism Development As A Self-Efficacy Behavior Among Black Women In The Workplace, Tiffany Nicole Johnson Lemon
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Understanding how workaholism develops in Black women and the role organizational culture plays in its development, specifically individuals who work in predominantly White organizations, is needed to address this phenomenon. Data were gathered from individuals who identify as Black women and are self-proclaimed workaholics who work in settings comprised predominantly of White employees. Understanding workplace culture and the events that may lead to behavioral changes has been limited, specific to the minority group of Black women. The key research questions investigated the development of workaholism in Black women who work in predominantly White organizations and the role organizational culture plays …
Technological Employees’ Experiences Of Psychological Contract Breach: A Phenomenological Study, Dr. Uganda Knapps, Ph.D.
Technological Employees’ Experiences Of Psychological Contract Breach: A Phenomenological Study, Dr. Uganda Knapps, Ph.D.
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The aim of this study was to understand the importance of employee relations, ethics, and values; how psychological contracts form through the lenses of ethics, values, organizational justice, and perceptions; and how a psychological contract breach (PCB) may occur in certain situations. The psychological contract is imperative for positive employee relations. The foundation on how psychological contracts form and how psychological contracts may be breached and, in extreme circumstances, violated is based in theory by Argyris and in Rousseau’s theory to differentiate between psychological contract breaches and violations. An interpretive phenomenological analysis approach was used in this study to understand …
Social Competencies And Social Skills Of Adolescent Females With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mary Kniola
Social Competencies And Social Skills Of Adolescent Females With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mary Kniola
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders diagnosed in children and adolescents in the United States, many of whom experience peer rejection and are at risk for subsequent employment difficulties, depression and anxiety, school failure, and substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the social skills and social competence of females with and without ADHD in 6th and 12th grades. The theoretical foundation for this study was Barkley’s theory of ADHD. Facebook, Qualtrics, and Prolific were used to recruit 80 parents, who were placed into four groups based on the …
Death With Dignity: Barriers For Prisoners Suffering From Irreversible Mental Illness, Kymberli D. Mills
Death With Dignity: Barriers For Prisoners Suffering From Irreversible Mental Illness, Kymberli D. Mills
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Overcrowded prison system conditions can significantly worsen mental illness. Compassionate prison segregation options required for substantive mental health care are lacking. Death with Dignity is not a current legal solution for terminal psychiatric illness in the United States. How mental health care providers in Washington State perceive psychiatric Death with Dignity for treatment-resistant, severely mentally ill prisoners has illuminated scholarly research. An anonymous, qualitative, online survey of 15 Washington State mental health care providers serving severe, persistent, mentally ill prisoners having expressed suicidality was conducted. The concept of discontinuing a mentally ill prisoner's psychiatric care was explored during data gathering. …
Stress, Resiliency, And Burnout Among Leaders In The Counseling Profession, Adriana Bovee
Stress, Resiliency, And Burnout Among Leaders In The Counseling Profession, Adriana Bovee
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Leaders in the counseling profession face many demands. The purpose of this quantitative regression analysis study was to determine if there was a predictive relationship between the independent variables of stress and resiliency and dependent variables of burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment among leaders in the counseling profession. Transformational leadership theory and resilience theory were applied as the theoretical framework of this study. A cross-sectional data collection method was used, and data were collected through anonymous online surveys from a purposive sample of 75 counseling leaders. Data analyses methods included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. Results indicated …
The Relationship Between Types Of Workplace Trauma Exposure, Burnout, And Ptsd In Mental Health Workers, Armando Dominguez
The Relationship Between Types Of Workplace Trauma Exposure, Burnout, And Ptsd In Mental Health Workers, Armando Dominguez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Work-related traumatic exposure has been studied but has not been concisely defined in the widest range of research studying trauma exposure. Specifically, it is not known from previous research whether direct, indirect, and vicarious trauma exposure predict burnout and PTSD in acute care mental health care workers. The emotional processing theory was used as theoretical foundation informing this study as the habituation of response to stress and trauma has been shown to occur incidentally and cumulatively; the theory supports the concept of dichotomous and continuous type of trauma exposure over time. The purpose of this study was to use a …
The Impact Of The Involvement Of African- American Female’S In Extra-Curricular Activities On Future Prosocial Decision-Making, Janine-Naisha Shante Jackson
The Impact Of The Involvement Of African- American Female’S In Extra-Curricular Activities On Future Prosocial Decision-Making, Janine-Naisha Shante Jackson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
It is important to understand what protective factors might be developed in order to prevent Black adolescent females from becoming involved in the juvenile justice system. The focus of this study was identifying the perceptions of adult Black women who grew up in an urban setting and who participated in organized sports during their adolescence. The primary research question focused on whether ten adult Black females perceived their participation in sports during adolescence served as a protective factor, thereby preventing or minimizing the participant’s involvement in criminal behavior. The data was analyzed through MAXQDA software. The predominant themes from this …
Evaluation Of A Public School District Nutrition Education Program In Southern California’S San Diego County, Donielle Cohen
Evaluation Of A Public School District Nutrition Education Program In Southern California’S San Diego County, Donielle Cohen
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has markedly increased in several developed countries in recent years. Researchers have examined different factors that contribute to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents but have not fully explored the psychological impact of obesity on this population. The effectiveness of nutrition education programs in addressing the effects of obesity is also understudied. The primary purpose of this evaluative case study was to examine the impact of the Harvest of the Month nutritional educational program, which was adopted by San Diego County public schools in 2005, on the nutritional habits and psychosocial …