Psychology Commons^™

Injured Athletes' Preferences Regarding Source Of Emotional Support, Kristin Kutz

Honors Projects

Athletes often experience emotional distress as a result of an injury. Feelings of loss, decreased self-esteem, frustration, and anger are not uncommon. Athletic trainers (ATs) who work with injured athletes are focused on helping the progression of athletes' physical healing, but their role in helping athletes emotionally and psychologically is often unclear. There are twelve Athletic Training Education Competencies that the National Athletic Training Association requires to be taught to undergraduate AT students, one of them being psychosocial intervention and referral. However, little research has been done to define the exact role of ATs in this area, as well as …

Promoting The Participation Of Seldom Heard Young People: A Review Of The Literature On Best Practice Principles, Cathy Kelleher, Mairéad Seymour, Ann Marie Halpenny

Reports

The purpose of this research was to review national and international literature on the participation of seldom heard young people and to identify best practice principles in the field. Key objectives were: to provide a detailed account of what is meant by s eldom heard children and young people; to examine the core aspects of participation as well as the barriers and challenges to participation for seldom heard children and young people; to identify approaches which can improve the inclus ion of seldom heard children and young people in decision-making that affects their lives. The project aimed to integrate the …

The Effects Of Men's Acute Alcohol Intoxication, Overperception Of Sexual Intent, Interpersonal Rejection And Testosterone On Aggression Toward Women, Rhiana Marie Wegner

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study was designed to assess Abbey's (1991; 2002; 2011) model, which posits that acute alcohol intoxication increases the likelihood of sexual aggression at two stages of a cross-sex interaction. Early on, the cognitive impairments induced by alcohol encourage a potential perpetrator to overperceive a woman's level of sexual intent. Later, if the man's sexual advances are rejected, intoxication encourages an aggressive response. This research expands on the previous literature by examining: 1) both stages of Abbey's model in a single study, 2) rejection from a woman as a potential trigger for aggression, and 3) behavioral (past sexual assault perpetration), …

Longitudinal Change In Regional Cortices And Fluid Intelligence, Peng Yuan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystalized intelligence (Gc) are two factors of the general intelligence. They have distinct age-related trajectories of change. Jung and Haier proposed Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT, 2007) to account for the inter-person variance in reasoning intelligence. Some brain regions such as prefrontal, parietal, temporal and anterior cingulate cortices were included in the P-FIT model and were hypothesized to be involved in fluid reasoning task. Therefore, in the current study, we examined latent growth curves (LGC) of longitudinal change in Gf, Gc, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, temporal cortex and primary visual cortex. Forty-six healthy middle-aged and …

The Reliability And Validity Of The Thin Slice Technique: Observational Research On Video Recorded Medical Interactions, Tanina Suzanne Foster

Wayne State University Dissertations

The Reliability and Validity of the Thin Slice Technique: Observational Research on Video Recorded Medical Interactions

Introduction: Observational research using the thin slice technique has been routinely incorporated in observational research methods, however there is limited evidence supporting use of this technique compared to full interaction coding. The purpose of this study was to determine if this technique could be reliability coded, if ratings are consistent between the first, second and third slice, and if they are indeed representative of full interactions.

Methods: Three 30-second thin slices were sampled from the beginning, middle and end of a full-length video-recorded …

Student Assessment Of Professor Effectiveness, Roger Emil Knutson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Despite progressive changes, subtle sexism is still present in modern society. The present study used role congruity theory to explain how subtle sexism influences the ratings students provide for professors. Participants were presented with fictional scenarios where professor gender was manipulated and source of a mistake (student versus professor) was manipulated. For each scenario, students provided ratings of competence, likability, and likelihood to take another class with the professor. Multiple t-tests revealed no difference in student ratings between female professors and male professors who made mistakes and between female professors and male professors overall, although there was a significant difference …

The Difference In Perception Of Gerotranscendence Between College Students And Healthy, Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Duc Viet Lai

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Within the field of gerontology, some notable attempts to explain the aging process include activity theory, disengagement theory, Erikson's eight stages model, and socioemotional selectivity theory. The theory of gerotranscendence, recently developed by Lars Tornstam (1989), incorporates some aspects of these theories, and seeks to provide an overarching theme to the process of aging. The theory of gerotranscendence explains a shift in meta-perspective that a person experiences as they live, from a more materialistic and pragmatic view of the world to a more cosmic and transcendent one. Corresponding with this shift, the gerotranscendent individual exhibits certain behaviors, some of which …

Self-Efficacy, Self-Determination, And Self-Regulation: The Role Of The Fitness Professional In Social Change Agency, Joshua M. Garrin

Journal of Sustainable Social Impact

Current epidemiological data reported by governing health authorities reveal the biopsychosocial complexity of health maintenance in the 21st century. As statistics reflect the insidious, worldwide impact of chronic disease and psychosocial stress, the medical domain continues to endorse multidisciplinary approaches to support the myriad systems that underpin health and well-being. With their scope of practice continually expanding to accommodate such needs, fitness professionals (FPs) have become a mainstay on the front lines of health behavior management in recent years. Beyond their role in facilitating physical health gains, contemporary FPs undertake the challenge of instilling health self-efficacy beliefs, reinforcing autonomy and …

Use Of The Response-Latency Paradigm For Evaluating Women’S Responses To Threat Of Date Rape, Raeann E. Anderson, Shawn P. Cahill

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study evaluates the novel use of the response-latency paradigm to elicit women’s hypothetical behavioral responses to the threat of acquaintance rape. There were 146 college women recruited and randomly assigned to 4 study conditions. In 3 of the conditions, the threat to which participants responded was experimentally controlled; in the fourth control condition, participants selected the level of threat themselves, following standard procedure of the response-latency paradigm. Results indicated that participant’s responses became more intense as threat levels increased; this relationship was not moderated by whether the threat was controlled by the experimenter or the participant. These results indicate …

Q Methodological Study Of Subjectivity And Objectivity, Maria Karimova

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Research has shown not only that subjectivity and objectivity are two very important concepts when it comes to scientific studies, but also that human tendencies towards duality have reinforced the opposition of these concepts. It is evident that objectivity and subjectivity differ, but this study was designed to evaluate how much the concepts really differ and how they are defined in the thinking of people. The study uses a Q methodological approach to measure the viewpoints of the faculty in the College of Arts and Sciences at Eastern Michigan University by having them sort a list of potential viewpoints on …

Flipping The Classroom To Model The Content: Early Findings, Mike Yough, Jason A. Ware, Kevin A. Richards, Chantal Levesque-Bristol

IMPACT Symposium

The primary purpose of EDPS 23500 is simply that students would learn how people learn. Of course, key to meeting this objective is an understanding of developmental and motivational considerations in creating environments conducive to learning as well as knowing how to identify when learning has actually taken place (i.e., assessment). When teaching teachers about teaching, the structure of the course is itself instructive.

The corner stone of the redesign was to move the lectures to Blackboard Learn. Students check their comprehension of the lectures by taking low-stakes quizzes and explore their conceptual understanding by making contributions to discussion boards. …

Are Individuals Fickle-Minded?, Mathew D. Mccubbins, Mark Turner

Faculty Scholarship

Game theory has been used to model large-scale social events — such as constitutional law, democratic stability, standard setting, gender roles, social movements, communication, markets, the selection of officials by means of elections, coalition formation, resource allocation, distribution of goods, and war — as the aggregate result of individual choices in interdependent decision-making. Game theory in this way assumes methodological individualism. The widespread observation that game theory predictions do not in general match observation has led to many attempts to repair game theory by creating behavioral game theory, which adds corrective terms to the game theoretic predictions in the hope …

Missing Mcveigh, Michael E. Tigar

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Brief Of Public Law Scholars As Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioner, Ernest A. Young

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Costs Of Changing Our Minds, Nita A. Farahany

Faculty Scholarship

This isn’t quite a draft yet – it’s a concept paper. You’ll see after the first 10 pages a good bit of text in brackets, which are primarily notes for me, but it’ll give you a sense of the content of those sections. I’d like to talk through the concept – the “duty” to mitigate emotional distress damages and how courts have struggled with it, as a foray into a broader dichotomy that I see in a number of areas of law that suggest an implicit value in “cognitive liberty.” This is a smaller version of a broader book project …

The Effect Of Appalachian Regional Dialect On Performance Appraisal And Leadership Perceptions, Amie Sparks Ball

Online Theses and Dissertations

Speakers of Appalachian English face unique difficulties in the workplace. Long-held stereotypes of Appalachian English speakers can lead to unfair presumptions about a person's competence and professionalism. Previous research has shown stereotyping on the basis of non-standard dialect can affect recruitment and hiring decisions made by employers. The present study addresses the possibility that these biases extend beyond the hiring process by investigating the impact of Appalachian regional dialect on performance appraisal, perceptions of leadership potential, promotion potential, status perceptions, and solidarity perceptions.

The Effects Of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (Fssb) On Work And Health Related Outcomes, Dorothy Abigail Blaine Johnson

Online Theses and Dissertations

The composition of the workforce has changed dramatically over the past several decades, the number of dual-career couples and working mothers with young children has increased dramatically. Many organizations have responded by implementing work-family benefits to help employees deal with the conflicting demands of work and family. Yet, researchers have found that these benefits may be underutilized by employees (Allen, 2001).

One reason these benefits may be underutilized is due to a lack of perceived supervisor support for the use of these benefits (Cook, 2009). This study will examine the processes underlying how family supportive supervisor behaviors influence positive job …

Ethical Decision-Making In Moral Dilemmas, Tyler Pendleton

Honors Projects

Humans are constantly making decisions. Often times, the rules or “heuristics” that guide our decisions are not explicitly known to us simply because their formation within our mental processes is ambiguous. These heuristics can be multiply activated when concerning moral issues. Although our decisions are evident in such cases, the origins of justifying such decisions are not. It is essential to parse out the sociocultural variations that may contribute to moral decision-making. This project aims to present the findings of participants who reacted to the morally-challenging Trolley Problem. Participants were tested on one of eight conditions that examined aspects of …

Long-Term Trends Of Participation In Physical Activity During Adolescence With Educational Ambition And Attainment, Frances Jillian Priesmeyer

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Insufficient physical activity is a serious concern for the youth of this nation. In 2008, more than one third of children and adolescents could be classified as either obese or overweight (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Poor nutrition and lack of physical activity are two major factors contributing to this epidemic. A physically active lifestyle during youth not only improves physical health, but has also been shown to improve emotional health, behavior, and academic performance. It is important that this area of research is continued and expanded so appropriate educational policies that support the health and well-being of …

Predictors Of Academic Success Among African American College Students, La Toya Bianca Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

African American students are graduating from high school and enrolling in higher educational institutions at greater rates than in previous years (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). Yet, they have not achieved the same level of academic success as their racial counterparts (American Council on Education, 2010; Ross, 2012). Ultimately, this disparity has resulted in only 17.7% of the African American population 25 years of age and older having at least a Bachelor’s degree (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2012). Many researchers have employed comparative study designs to explore this disparity. Additionally, researchers commonly study academic success through the exploration of intrapsychic …

Effects Of Disability Exposure On Implicit Association Test Scores, Jordyn R. Moon

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exposure to counter-stereotypical information about physical disabilities on implicit attitudes. Ten undergraduate students completed a mental imagery task relating to physical disabilities while the other ten students were given a filler task prior to the measurement of their implicit and explicit attitudes using an Implicit Association Task (IAT). It was hypothesized that both groups would have equally negative implicit attitudes. However, results revealed that the implicit attitudes of participants who completed the counter-stereotypical task showed significantly more negative implicit attitudes than the no imagery group whose attitudes were also …

Ethnic Names, Resumes, And Occupational Stereotypes: Will D'Money Get The Job?, Tony Matthew Carthen

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

King, Madera, Hebl, and Knight (2006) found evidence that race-typed names can have significant influence on the evaluation of resumes. Specifically, they found significant differences between Asian, Hispanic, Black and White-sounding names. They also found that occupational stereotypes covaried the relationship between names and evaluation. The current study expanded on their research by manipulating race with new groups (White, Asian Indian, Nigerian, Muslim, and Non-traditional Black-sounding names), manipulating the quality of the resume (low, high), and by considering occupational stereotypes (low-status, high-status) as an explanatory mechanism. Participants who have claimed hiring experience (N=170) from several fields read a fictitious resume, …

Symptom Severity, Treatment Acceptability, And Motivational Predictors Related To Patient Improvement For Insomnia, Shelby Marie Afflerbach

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

With the widespread presence of sleep disorders in the United States, especially insomnia, it is pertinent to investigate beliefs that patients have about insomnia, symptom severity, and treatment acceptability in order to assess patients' motivation for behavioral change. Participants in this archival study were thirty-one patients seeking help for sleep-related issues, whom were primarily from a Midwestern metropolitan area. Patients had completed pre-treatment measures that assessed insomnia symptoms, outcomes, treatment acceptability, and willingness to change and one post-treatment measure assessing insomnia outcomes. Because the purpose of the present study was to examine whether these variables predict patient improvement (higher scores …

The Influence Of Father-Child Relationship On Adolescents' Mental Health, Yea Seul Pyun

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

There is a lack of studies focused on fathers despite of the growing attention on the importance of father's role in children and adolescents' mental health. The current study examined the influence of father-child relationship on marginalized adolescents' internalizing problems and inattentive/hyperactive behaviors. Participants were 48 adolescents recruited through the Youth Voice community program, who completed self-report questionnaires. The results indicated that adolescents who had better relationships with their fathers had lower levels of internalizing problems and inattentive/hyperactive behaviors. Older adolescents had higher symptoms of internalizing problems than younger adolescents. However, age was not associated with internalizing problems and inattentive/hyperactive …

Dirty Work: The Effects Of Viewing Disturbing Media On Military Attorneys, Natalie Lynn Sokol

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This study examines the psychological effects of viewing disturbing media on military attorneys who are part of the JAG Corps. Twenty seven legal professionals who work with cases involving child pornography and sexual violence completed measures of secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD), burnout, perceptions of social stigma, and feelings of protectiveness and distrust towards others. A substantial number of participants reported poor well-being, though exposure to disturbing media was not predictive of these outcomes. However, defense attorneys and prosecuting attorneys differed significantly in severity of their perception of social stigma, which was linked to increased negative outcomes. Furthermore, qualitative results …

The Initial Response And Behavioral Patterns Exhibited By An Officer To A Weapon Being Drawn In A Traffic Stop Simulation, Samantha Josephine Tupy

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Traffic stops are one of the most frequent forms of interaction between law enforcement officers and civilians. The traffic stop has been referred to as a "routine traffic stop" when it is not a known felonious traffic stop; however, routine would imply that there is a predictable, unchanging, and safe standard that could be systematically applied to every stop. Traffic stops may present many unforeseen dangers, highlighting the importance of thorough training. Ninety-four officer volunteers completed a traffic stop training simulation included in this archival study. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the initial response, as well as …

The Effects Of Geriatric Sexual Orientation On Caregiver Reactions To Resident Sexual Behavior Within Long-Term Care Facilities, Andrew Jonathan Ahrendt

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Within the paucity of literature regarding older adult sexuality, a larger dearth exists concerning biases of long-term care facility staff toward gay and lesbian older adult residents. Prior literature has documented that LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) individuals' perceive that they do not receive the same quality of care as that of heterosexual individuals within long-term care facilities. Thus researchers aimed to evaluate whether these biases truly exist within care facilities that can prevent holistic care from being comprehensively provided to everyone regardless of sexual orientation. 153 residential care facility staff members from two separate facilities read one of …

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Three Interventions Designed To Enhance Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Sexual Minorities, Jamye Banks

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Sexual minority students’ encounters with discrimination and harassment are increasing in school settings. Per the research, the discrimination and harassment they experience partly stems from teachers’ negative attitudes toward sexual minorities and a lack of understanding of the needs of these individuals, which can negatively impact students’ psychological well-being and create an unwelcoming environment (Dessel, 2010; Mudrey & Medina-Adams, 2006; Riggs, Rosenthal, & Smith-Bonahue, 2011). Teachers are responsible for ensuring a safe environment for students that promotes mental and physical health (Larrabee & Morehead, 20’10; Mudrey & Medina-Adams, 2006; Riggs et al., 2011). Therefore, it’s vital to determine ways to …

The Role Of The Infralimbic Cortex In A Pain Intensity-Graded Rodent Model Of Distraction Analgesia, Christopher T. Mcnabb

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

The misdirection of attention has been used to reduce experimental and clinical pain- a technique known as distraction analgesia (DA). A growing understanding of the important interrelationship between cognition and pain has prompted the need for a deeper understanding of its neural substrates. There is evidence implicating the infralimbic cortex of the rat brain as a putative mediator of DA, but this has never been directly tested. Therefore, this study investigated the role of the infralimbic cortex (IL) in a rat model of DA at high- and low-intensity pain. One hundred fifty two Sprague Dawley rats underwent stereotaxic surgery to …

The Local Field Potential In The Medial Prefrontal Cortex In Respose To Peripheral Nerve Stimulation, Ailing Li

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

Nociceptive stimuli can activate peripheral nociceptors to produce nociceptive signals which can be projected to the spinal cord and further up to the thalamus and many other cortical and subcortical areas through ascending pathways. Nociceptive information can be processed in various brain areas (e.g., somatosensory cortex and anterior cingulate cortex); it can change activities in those brain areas and eventually result in morphological changes following long-term stimulation. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been proven to be involved in higher cognitive functions and emotional processing. It receives projections from brain areas that are involved in nociception. Morphological changes of the …