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2011

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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 1958

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Advice To Rape Victims : The Influence Of Beliefs About Rape And Opinions About Formal Support Providers, Yumi Suzuki Jan 2011

Advice To Rape Victims : The Influence Of Beliefs About Rape And Opinions About Formal Support Providers, Yumi Suzuki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite the abundance of literature discussing rape, only a few studies examined others' influence on rape victims' decisions to seek further help as a remedy for recovering from violent victimizations. These studies showed that the majority of rape victims consulted friends or relatives and that rape victims in fact took this advice for their next action. However, there is a gap in our knowledge about the type and the frequency of advice given to rape victims. In order to add to the existing knowledge, this study examined the factors influencing friends' advice to (1) contact criminal justice professionals, (2) contact …

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Effect Of Parent Personal Experience On Views, Level Of Concern, And Reactions To Middle School Students' Bullying Behavior, Leigh A. Cooper Jan 2011

Effect Of Parent Personal Experience On Views, Level Of Concern, And Reactions To Middle School Students' Bullying Behavior, Leigh A. Cooper

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study sought to generate a base of literature pertaining to parent historical experiences with bullying. Specifically, parent history of bullying was examined as a predictor of current perceptions, level of concern, and strategies used to prevent and intervene with bullying for middle school students. Parents from a public school district in the Northeast were invited to complete an online survey through letters distributed to their student and media-based announcements. Two-hundred-sixty participants provided viable responses. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine if parent history of involvement in bullying was predictive of their current responses to bullying.

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Examining The Role Of Ethnicity In The Nature And Assessment Of Body Image In Men, Jason Matthew Lavender Jan 2011

Examining The Role Of Ethnicity In The Nature And Assessment Of Body Image In Men, Jason Matthew Lavender

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although body image research has historically focused on dissatisfaction among women, studies within the past decade have begun to focus on body dissatisfaction among men, revealing important gender differences in the nature, conceptualization, and assessment of this construct. Despite recent advances in the research literature in this area, few studies have examined ethnic differences in male body image, and no information is available on the psychometric properties of many of the most widely used body image measures for samples of ethnic minority men. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity …

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Impact Of A Student's Diagnosis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder On General Education Teachers' Attitudes, Laura S. Hiruma Jan 2011

Impact Of A Student's Diagnosis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder On General Education Teachers' Attitudes, Laura S. Hiruma

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Fifty-six general education teachers participated in an online survey designed to determine the extent to which disclosure of a hypothetical student's diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder described in a written vignette impacts: (1) the way in which general education teachers respond to student challenging behaviors, (2) teachers' attitudes and expectations of the portrayed student; and (3) teachers' feelings of self-efficacy. The relationships between teachers' feelings of self-efficacy, their attitudes toward teaching the hypothetical student in the vignette, the ways in which they might respond to student behaviors, and the likelihood that they would choose to access a training resource offered …

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How Does Diagnostic Context Moderate Counselor Hypothesis Testing Strategies?, Nadia Teresa D'Iuso Jan 2011

How Does Diagnostic Context Moderate Counselor Hypothesis Testing Strategies?, Nadia Teresa D'Iuso

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study sought to replicate and extend the work done by Ellis, Brody and Speranza (1998) and Speranza (2001) by examining how counselor trainees differentially use three hypothesis testing strategies (i.e., confirmatory, disconfirmatory, and unbiased) to test and develop their diagnosis within three diagnostic contexts (i.e., the clinical data presented to trainees). The study's hypotheses were the following: (1) as predicted by Speranza (2001), the diagnostic context would affect the differential use of the hypothesis testing strategies by trainees; (2) identical to Speranza (2001), trainees would use a greater number of the disconfirmatory hypothesis testing strategy when compared to the …

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Typically Developing Children's Attitudes Towards A Peer With Behaviors Indicative Of Autism, Lindsay A. Washington Jan 2011

Typically Developing Children's Attitudes Towards A Peer With Behaviors Indicative Of Autism, Lindsay A. Washington

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although inclusive educational programming offers opportunities for increased contact between children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing peers, research indicates that children with ASD continue to struggle socially in these settings. One possible contributing factor could be the type of attitudes that typically developing peers hold regarding children with ASD. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether typically developing first grade children express rejecting attitudes towards a hypothetical peer with behaviors indicative of autism. This study employed a between-groups design and included 89 participants. Participating children viewed a brief video that depicted either a child …

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The Role Of Expectancy In Prescription Stimulant Misuse, Alison Looby Jan 2011

The Role Of Expectancy In Prescription Stimulant Misuse, Alison Looby

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Misuse of prescription stimulant medication such as methylphenidate (MPH) has increased among college students over the past several years. Common motivations for misuse include enhancements in cognitive function and subjective arousal. Researchers have recently cited a need to better understand and develop treatments for this behavior. Expectancy effects, which impact initiation and maintenance of substance use, may also be implicated in one's decision to engage in prescription stimulant misuse. This study first examined whether subjective mood and cognitive performance could be elevated solely by one's expectation to receive MPH. Additionally, this study examined the efficacy of an expectancy challenge in …

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Dietary Restraint And Weight Loss In College Students As Risk Factors For Eating Pathology, Katherine Elizabeth Schaumberg Jan 2011

Dietary Restraint And Weight Loss In College Students As Risk Factors For Eating Pathology, Katherine Elizabeth Schaumberg

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Many suggest that dietary restraint represents a key component to the etiology and maintenance of eating pathology, and much research supports this position. Some recent evidence brings to question the relationship between dietary restraint and eating disorder risk. Furthermore, measures of dietary restraint do not appear to consistently predict caloric restriction, and these scales appear inadequate for differentiating between healthy and risky restraint in individuals. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between self-reported dietary restraint, recent weight loss, and eating pathology in a college sample to determine if cognitive restraint measured by restraint scales coupled with caloric restriction …

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Recent School Psychology Graduates : A Preliminary Survey Of Their Internship Experience, Satisfaction, And Support, Colleen Renee Klee Jan 2011

Recent School Psychology Graduates : A Preliminary Survey Of Their Internship Experience, Satisfaction, And Support, Colleen Renee Klee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The internship in school psychology acts as a bridge between graduate training and practice. Students spend several semesters engaged in classroom learning and field training experiences prior to beginning the internship. In the United Sates, school psychology training is regulated by agencies such as state departments of education and national professional organizations, with many similar training components across programs. Internships vary widely based on characteristics such as the setting, amount of supervision and support provided, and activities in which the intern engages. At this time, there are no current data which describe individuals' satisfaction with their internship experiences. This study …

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The Effect Of Acculturation And Ethnic Identity On Perceived Racism In African American And Black West Indian Populations, Jerome Farrell Jan 2011

The Effect Of Acculturation And Ethnic Identity On Perceived Racism In African American And Black West Indian Populations, Jerome Farrell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Black Americans comprise 14% of the total population in the U.S. (U.S. Census, 2010), and describes a diverse group of people with many different unique challenges and struggles based upon their specific cultural or ethnic group. Black Americans not only include African Americans but people of African descent from the Caribbean or the African Continent. The difference in country of origin and the subsequent culture of these different groups have led to a rich cultural diversity among Black Americans. This study examined the different cultural experiences of Black Americans.

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Features Of The Human Body And Voice : The Biological Impact On Perception And Attraction Through Multiple Sensory Domains, Roy Nathan Pipitone Jan 2011

Features Of The Human Body And Voice : The Biological Impact On Perception And Attraction Through Multiple Sensory Domains, Roy Nathan Pipitone

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A growing body of literature has shown that variation in the sound of a person's voice conveys important information about our underlying biology. The present studies further investigate how the human voice can be used as a medium that disseminates characteristics related to mate quality and attraction. The human voice has been shown to be affected by cyclic hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle, and raters show preferences for voice recordings at heightened fertility times compared to other times during the menstrual cycle. In the current studies, this finding was replicated multiple times and less masculine males were found to …

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What Qualitative Research Has Taught Us About Occupational Stress, Joseph J. Mazzola, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Paul E. Spector Jan 2011

What Qualitative Research Has Taught Us About Occupational Stress, Joseph J. Mazzola, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Paul E. Spector

Publications and Research

While many reviews of job stress and the stressor–strain relationship have been conducted, such reviews typically focus exclusively on quantitative data. In the current paper, we review qualitative studies on occupational stress that met two criteria: (1) the studies employed qualitative methods; (2) the stressors, strains and/or coping strategies were grouped into identifiable, higher-order categories. Results indicated that the nature of the stressors experienced varied by (a) occupation, (b) country, (c) seniority and (d) gender. The review further revealed that organizational constraints, work overload and interpersonal conflict were relatively universal stressors. Anger and annoyance were the most frequently reported psychological …

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The Illusion Of Transparency And Public Speaking: A Study Of Social Anxiety, Chelsea Gloth Jan 2011

The Illusion Of Transparency And Public Speaking: A Study Of Social Anxiety, Chelsea Gloth

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this study is to determine whether participants who are informed of a phenomenon termed "the illusion of transparency" (Gilovich, Savitsky & Medvec, 1998) give higher quality speeches, feel and appear less anxious while delivering the speech, and give longer speeches. Participants consisted of 543 students from a Midwestern university. First they completed the FNE (Watson & Friend, 1969), and 31 of those with the top quartile of scores returned to the lab to give a 3-minute speech. Participants in the illusion condition were informed about what the illusion of transparency is, while those in the reassured condition …

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Should You Hire [email protected]?: An Analysis Of Job Applicants' Email Addresses And Their Scores On Pre-Employment Assessments, Evan Blackhurst Jan 2011

Should You Hire [email protected]?: An Analysis Of Job Applicants' Email Addresses And Their Scores On Pre-Employment Assessments, Evan Blackhurst

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

In an age where electronic mail is displacing traditional mail, email addresses are functioning as names, and names can be the basis of first impressions. What can be said about someone who applies for a job using an inappropriate email address (i.e. [email protected])? The aim of this study was to determine if there are differences in job qualifications (as determined by pre-employment tests) between individuals who use appropriate email addresses to apply for jobs and individuals who use inappropriate email addresses. This study analyzed applicant email addresses in two ways. First, subject matter experts (SMEs) subjectively rated each email address …

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The Dirty Work Of Law Enforcement: Emotion, Secondary Traumatic Stress, And Burnout In Federal Officers Exposed To Disturbing Media, Amanda Harms Jan 2011

The Dirty Work Of Law Enforcement: Emotion, Secondary Traumatic Stress, And Burnout In Federal Officers Exposed To Disturbing Media, Amanda Harms

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The present study adds to past research on exposure to disturbing media as a driver of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Research has shown that exposure to this type of media can lead to secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, as well as other negative outcomes (Burns, Bradshaw, Morley, & Domene, 2008; Divine, 2010; Krause, 2009; Perez, Jones, Englert, & Sachau, 2010; Stevenson, 2007). In addition, I discuss this type of work as a form of "dirty work" (Ashforth & Kreiner, 1999). I examined the role of various emotional responses and stigma as mediators and moderators of the relationship between exposure …

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Pulsed Radiofrequency Neuromodulation Of Peripheral Nerve Injury, Alex Willett Jan 2011

Pulsed Radiofrequency Neuromodulation Of Peripheral Nerve Injury, Alex Willett

Honors Projects

Pulsed-radiofrequency neuromodulation (PRF) is a pain management technique that involves placing a needle electrode near nerves and generating electrical current pulses in order to modulate the transduction of somatosensory information through those nerves. This technique evolved from a similar radiofrequency (RF) procedure in which constant current is distributed to a nerve or neural structure. RF interrupts nerve conduction and prevents somatosensory information from reaching the brain. In the case of continuous radiofrequency, however, the destructive lesion can cause further complications and unwanted side effects. According to research, PRF, unlike RF, is non-destructive yet still induces analgesia and consequently represents a …

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Perceptions Of A Deity And Corresponding Religious Group As Affected By Descriptions Of Gender And Personal Characteristics, Hannah R. Jones Jan 2011

Perceptions Of A Deity And Corresponding Religious Group As Affected By Descriptions Of Gender And Personal Characteristics, Hannah R. Jones

Honors Projects

Both personal and social identities are important to the self-concept, but the values of such identities can come into question when they conflict with one another. The religious group, one such identification, can exert a great deal of influence over one’s thoughts and beliefs. However, religion is often critiqued for being a reflection of the patriarchal context from which a religion often emerges, which potentially elicits and reinforces gender stereotypes and sexism within the religious group. This can be seen in the Abrahamic religions; they maintain that their God does not claim biological sex nor gender, but their texts include …

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An Examination Of The Catch Nurture Program In The Treatment Of Children's Mental Health Disorders, Jessica Avart Jan 2011

An Examination Of The Catch Nurture Program In The Treatment Of Children's Mental Health Disorders, Jessica Avart

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

School-based mental health services are in high demand due to the increased prevalence of diagnosable mental health disorders among the pediatric population, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) foremost among them. The majority of research examining school-based services has been conducted in highly controlled settings and there has been a lack of research investigating such services within the actual school environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Catch Nurture Program, a school-based intervention, in the treatment of school-aged children with behavioral and/or emotional disturbances in the real-world setting. This study also examined the impact of gender and diagnosis on …

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A Perceptually Based Comparison Of Image Similarity Metrics, Richard Russell, Pawan Sinha Jan 2011

A Perceptually Based Comparison Of Image Similarity Metrics, Richard Russell, Pawan Sinha

Psychology Faculty Publications

The assessment of how well one image matches another forms a critical component both of models of human visual processing and of many image analysis systems. Two of the most commonly used norms for quantifying image similarity are L1 and L2, which are specific instances of the Minkowski metric. However, there is often not a principled reason for selecting one norm over the other. One way to address this problem is by examining whether one metric, better than the other, captures the perceptual notion of image similarity. This can be used to derive inferences regarding similarity criteria the human visual …

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Social Support Networks On International Assignments, Erika Spieß, Christina Stroppa Jan 2011

Social Support Networks On International Assignments, Erika Spieß, Christina Stroppa

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study presents the role of social support and of networks for staff of small- and medium-sized enterprises and large corporations on foreign assignment. We used both, a qualitative and quantitative approach: qualitative interviews of staff of small- and medium-sized enterprises revealed the special need of support within the scope of the assignment and the immense significance of a well-functioning, supportive network. A quantitative survey with 143 respondents examined the relation between the phases of an assignment for satisfaction, stress, and company support. The outcome was that critical phases of foreign assignment were the sojourn and the return phases, marked …

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Those Wonderful People Across The Sea: Positive Out-Group Bias By Caucasians Toward Asians, Wing Sze Leung, Shue Ying Ting Jan 2011

Those Wonderful People Across The Sea: Positive Out-Group Bias By Caucasians Toward Asians, Wing Sze Leung, Shue Ying Ting

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

While individuals often favor their in-group, they sometimes favor an out-group, such as when Caucasians positively stereotype Asians' quantitative abilities. It is unclear, however, whether positive stereotypes of Asians extend into other domains and create a generalized halo effect that influences judgments on other attributes. To examine this, three studies were performed. In Study 1, Asians and Caucasians were equally biased toward an Asian's response to a calculus problem. In Study 2, Asians, but not Caucasians, gave lower grades to essay writers they guessed were Asian. In Study 3, Caucasians rated their ethnic group with fewer positive terms and more …

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Structure Of Acculturation Attitudes And Their Relationships With Personality And Psychological Adaptation: A Study With Immigrant And National Samples In Germany, Paul G. Schmitz, John W. Berry Jan 2011

Structure Of Acculturation Attitudes And Their Relationships With Personality And Psychological Adaptation: A Study With Immigrant And National Samples In Germany, Paul G. Schmitz, John W. Berry

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This contribution deals with the structure of acculturation attitudes and their relationship with personality dimensions and psychological adaptation. Based on two German samples—an immigrant and a national one— evidence suggests that four independent factors are underlying acculturation styles as assessed with the Acculturation Attitudes Styles (AAS). Integration, Assimilation, Separation, and Marginalization are independent, lowly correlated constructs and represent distinct modes of coping with acculturation demands. Analyses also demonstrate that each acculturation factor shows a specific pattern of personality characteristics, including basic temperament dimensions, cognitive styles, coping, and components of emotional intelligence. Finally, the four acculturation styles can predict psychological adaptation …

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Conflict Patterns Among Greek Couples: The Role Of Values, Self- Disclosure, And Relationship Satisfaction, Marianna Argiropoulou, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Karen Quek Jan 2011

Conflict Patterns Among Greek Couples: The Role Of Values, Self- Disclosure, And Relationship Satisfaction, Marianna Argiropoulou, Vassilis Pavlopoulos, Karen Quek

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study tested the assumption that self- and spouse reports on values, self-disclosure and satisfaction could predict conflict patterns, as proposed by Rusbult, Zembrodt, & Gunn’s (1982) Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect typology. Participants were 133 married Greek couples. Results were generally consistent with expectations: Self- and spouse reports on satisfaction, self-disclosure and values were significant predictors of the use of the four conflict resolution strategies, to an extent that varied across conflict type, informant (self vs. spouse) and gender. Overall, husbands were more satisfied than wives. No differences were found at the mean level of selfdisclosure, or in the frequency and type of …

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Searching For Success: Predictors Of Academic Adjustment Of International Students, Gilberte Bastien Jan 2011

Searching For Success: Predictors Of Academic Adjustment Of International Students, Gilberte Bastien

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Over recent decades, the number of international students enrolled in American universities has continued to increase. International students face a number of challenges in adapting to a new cultural milieu. The process of transitioning from one cultural environment to another is known as acculturation. Previous studies of acculturation have identified acculturative stress, English proficiency, and social support as key factors associated with the overall adjustment of international students (Mori, 2000; Pedersen, 1991; Sandhu, 1995, Sandhu & Asrabadi, 1998). Of particular significance for international students are the challenges stemming from pedagogical differences between foreign and U.S. institutions of higher learning. Despite …

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Fit Of The Tripartite Model With Residential Youth Referred For Externalizing Problems, Eu Gene Chin Jan 2011

Fit Of The Tripartite Model With Residential Youth Referred For Externalizing Problems, Eu Gene Chin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The tripartite model of anxiety and depression (Clark & Watson, 1991) has received strong support among adult, adolescent, and child populations. Clinical samples of children and adolescents in these studies, however, have usually been referred for treatment of anxiety and depression. This study investigated the fit of the tripartite model for children and adolescents in a large, inpatient facility who were referred primarily for externalizing problems. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the tripartite model relationship between negative affect, positive affect, and mood symptoms. Multiple fit indices were used to provide a reliable and conservative evaluation of the model. …

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The Influences Of Gender And Race On The Attachment Styles Within A Criminal Population, Morgan Litchfield Bryant Jan 2011

The Influences Of Gender And Race On The Attachment Styles Within A Criminal Population, Morgan Litchfield Bryant

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study utilizes tenets of attachment theory to examine how patterns of relating to parental figures vary according to the race and gender of subjects residing in a correctional facility. The study can perhaps influence rehabilitation services within the prison system and modify anti-recidivism programs attended by individuals released from a correctional facility. Second year doctoral students originally collected the data. The participants in the study were given the Adult Scale of Parental Attachment (ASPA) and a general questionnaire in an effort to gather information regarding race, gender, and patterns of relating. The participants were above the age of 18, …

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A Study In Texture Segmentation: Investigating The Role Of Template Retuning In Perceptual Learning, Kurt Douglas Streeter Jan 2011

A Study In Texture Segmentation: Investigating The Role Of Template Retuning In Perceptual Learning, Kurt Douglas Streeter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Quantifiable differences are recognized in observers performing perceptual tasks that may be the product of practice or the observer's familiarity with the task. These differences suggest the possibility of perceptual learning (PL), which could be linked to first-order information. The purpose of the present study was to establish learning and test for cases of PL in a perceptual task involving texture segmentation. Changes in contrast threshold measurements from fourteen naïve observers were analyzed based upon their performance in a texture segmentation task presented in periphery. Tests of general learning involving orientation contrast modulations within textures were measured and were found …

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Comorbid Depression And Anxiety As Predictors Of Adolescent Substance Use In A Rural And Ethnically Diverse Community Sample, Michael James Mcdermott Jan 2011

Comorbid Depression And Anxiety As Predictors Of Adolescent Substance Use In A Rural And Ethnically Diverse Community Sample, Michael James Mcdermott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Drug use among adolescents is one of the nation's most significant public health concerns, with an estimated 47% to 56% of adolescents engaging in illicit substance use before completing high school. Negative consequences often associated with adolescent substance use frequently result in severe emotional and physical problems and serve to illustrate the growing importance of identifying associated risk factors. It is likely that psychological risk factors play an important role in the initiation and continued use of drugs among adolescents. In particular, mood and anxiety disorders have emerged as two such psychological risk factors. Unfortunately, studies examining this relationship have …

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Do Multicultural Experiences And Biculturalism Promote Creativity In International Students?, Patricia Ofili Jan 2011

Do Multicultural Experiences And Biculturalism Promote Creativity In International Students?, Patricia Ofili

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The 2009–2010 academic school year in the United States boasted a record number of enrolled international students. An estimated 690,923 students attended universities and colleges across the country (Open Doors, 2011). World markets and educational systems have become more connected and internationally focused. As a result, academic settings around the globe now encourage students to step beyond what is culturally familiar in order to become creative, knowledgeable, and competitive graduates. An empirical study by Maddux and Galinsky (2009) provides pioneering data that supports the connection of increased creativity through extended multicultural experiences. Individuals who are able to effectively incorporate customs …

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Temperament And Sex As Moderators Of The Relationship Between Maternal Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy And Child Externalizing Behaviors, Amy Beth Kohl Jan 2011

Temperament And Sex As Moderators Of The Relationship Between Maternal Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy And Child Externalizing Behaviors, Amy Beth Kohl

Wayne State University Theses

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been associated with negative child behavioral outcomes. Though many studies have found links between maternal smoking during pregnancy and behavior problems in children, few if any have looked into potential moderating factors of that relationship and few have examined the effects of second-hand smoking. This study examined child temperament at 6 months and sex as potential moderators of the relationship between maternal smoke exposure and both internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 24 month, 36 months and first grade. Both maternal smoking and maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were examined. Data for this study …

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