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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 1958
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Black College Students' Perceptions Of Occupational Self-Efficacy And Barriers For Racially/Ethnically Traditional And Nontraditional Majors, Justin T. Gibson
Black College Students' Perceptions Of Occupational Self-Efficacy And Barriers For Racially/Ethnically Traditional And Nontraditional Majors, Justin T. Gibson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Assessing Teacher And Parent Support As Moderators In The Relationship Between Black High School Students' Academic Achievement And Socioeconomic Status, Natasha Little-Harrison
Assessing Teacher And Parent Support As Moderators In The Relationship Between Black High School Students' Academic Achievement And Socioeconomic Status, Natasha Little-Harrison
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Using The Unmatched Count Technique To Increase The Accuracy Of Base Rate Estimates Of Psychosocial Problems In Returning Active Duty Service Members, Sean C. Sheppard
Using The Unmatched Count Technique To Increase The Accuracy Of Base Rate Estimates Of Psychosocial Problems In Returning Active Duty Service Members, Sean C. Sheppard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan represent the most extensive conflicts since the Vietnam War, and a large body of research has focused on identifying base rates of PTSD, depression, and alcohol abuse and related behaviors in returning service members.
Essays On Applications Of Behavioral Decision Making In Public Management And Policy, Navid Ghaffarzadegan
Essays On Applications Of Behavioral Decision Making In Public Management And Policy, Navid Ghaffarzadegan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This is a three-essay dissertation on examination of behavioral decision making phenomena in the contexts of public management and policy analysis. I study how policymakers, government employees, and citizens behave, make decisions and learn from decision outcomes. I move toward prescriptive analysis and offer solutions that can improve government performance.
Self-Regulatory Decisions As A Function Of Goal-Performance Discrepancy And Self-Efficacy : A Time To Revise And A Time To Exert, Levi Alexander Boren
Self-Regulatory Decisions As A Function Of Goal-Performance Discrepancy And Self-Efficacy : A Time To Revise And A Time To Exert, Levi Alexander Boren
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present research proposed that self-regulatory decisions, goal revision and resource allocation are primarily a function of performance discrepancy and self-efficacy. Further, it was proposed that in multiple-goal environments, allocation decisions would be a function of the motivational variables related to concurrent goals. Two studies were conducted, one in the laboratory and the other in a field setting to test hypotheses related to these propositions. Findings from both studies demonstrated that the performance discrepancy X self-efficacy interaction is a key determinant of self-regulatory decisions. In multiple goal environments, relative measures of self-efficacy, performance-discrepancy, and goal commitment were predictive whereas absolute …
Development And Validation Of An Assessment For Longitudinal Symptom Fluctuation In The Eating Disorders And The Relationship Between Motivation To Change And Naturalistic Fluctuations In Body Weight And Eating Disorder Symptom Frequencies, Kyle Patrick De Young
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The frequencies of behavioral symptoms of eating disorders (e.g., binge eating and purging) are highly variable across and within individuals. The presence and severity of these symptoms define both diagnostic boundaries and outcome states, but validated tools to retrospectively assess symptom frequencies that capture variability at the week-level do not exist. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of an assessment designed for this purpose in a mixed eating disorder sample of 113 individuals recruited from the community who provided symptom frequency data once weekly for 12 weeks and completed the Interactive, Graphical Assessment Tool for Eating Disorders (IGAT-ED) on …
Testing The Influence Of Counselors' Self-Disclosure In Career Counseling : Does The Content Of The Disclosure Matter?, Kerrin A. Sendrowitz
Testing The Influence Of Counselors' Self-Disclosure In Career Counseling : Does The Content Of The Disclosure Matter?, Kerrin A. Sendrowitz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which counselor self-disclosure influenced the process and outcome of career counseling. The investigation was a one-session field intervention that used an experimental between-groups design, in which clients were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) coping-mastery self-disclosure: the career counselor disclosed having personally experienced a similar career-related challenge and described how he or she overcame that challenge, (2) similarity self-disclosure: the career counselor disclosed having personally experienced a similar career-related challenge, without describing how he or she overcame the challenge, and (3) no self-disclosure. The dependent variables were …
The Evaluation Of A Parent-Implemented Behavioral Intervention For The Treatment Of Food Selectivity And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Suzanne Michelle Milnes
The Evaluation Of A Parent-Implemented Behavioral Intervention For The Treatment Of Food Selectivity And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Suzanne Michelle Milnes
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The purpose of the current study was to extend and replicate the procedures used by Gentry and Luiselli (2008) and evaluate whether their parent-implemented treatment package was effective in increasing food acceptance in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, this study evaluated whether food acceptance generalized to foods and mealtimes not targeted during intervention. A secondary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the same treatment package on each child's inappropriate mealtime behavior. Parents conducted all sessions in a naturalistic setting (i.e., the home) and parent training took place via a consultative model. The primary …
Emotion And Self-Control : Self-Control Limits Emotional Extremes, Rebekah L. Layton
Emotion And Self-Control : Self-Control Limits Emotional Extremes, Rebekah L. Layton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
One function of self-control is to inhibit inappropriate expressions of emotions to facilitate interpersonal interactions; however, self-control may predispose one to over generalize limitations of one's emotional response rather than solely in contexts in which emotional regulation is needed. The current study examined the effects of trait self-control on emotional fluctuations and emotional intensity to determine whether high self-control may be associated with diminished emotional experience. Undergraduate students (N = 298) participated in three experiments designed to evaluate the impact of self-control on emotional experience, as measured by self-report questionnaire and responses to emotionally evocative video clips using a continuous …
Disordered Eating And Negative Evaluation Anxiety As Canditates For The Extreme Female Brain Type, Jennifer Ann Bremser
Disordered Eating And Negative Evaluation Anxiety As Canditates For The Extreme Female Brain Type, Jennifer Ann Bremser
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Baron-Cohen proposed an inclusive theory of individual differences in cognitive style by creating a taxonomy of brain types that is based on the distinction between empathizing and systemizing. More males, than females, use a `systemizing' cognitive style whereas more females than males use an empathetic cognitive style. Further, he posited that a small percentage of individuals will manifest the pathological "extremes" of sexually differentiated brain-types. In support this theory, people with autism have superior systemizing skills with deficits in empathizing. While Baron-Cohen (2003) also proposed the existence of an `extreme female brain', he did not specify the form it would …
The Architecture Of Multitasking : Expanding A Structural Model, Eugene J. Trombini
The Architecture Of Multitasking : Expanding A Structural Model, Eugene J. Trombini
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The aim of this study was to create and validate a structural model of multitasking performance based on the characteristics of multitasking situations outlined by Delbridge (2000). A model is put forth suggesting that the observed relationships between multitasking performance and other variables is determined partly by the prominence of three structural characteristics of multitasking situations (time urgency, task switching, and uncertainty). The observed relationships between multitasking performance and other variables is explained in terms of perceived stress. Specifically, it was hypothesized that an individual's standing on certain variables would be associated with better management of the stress that stems …
The Role Of Androstane Neurosteroids In Alcohol-Mediated Social Behavior, Jason J. Paris
The Role Of Androstane Neurosteroids In Alcohol-Mediated Social Behavior, Jason J. Paris
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Androgenic steroids, such as testosterone, may influence the propensity for aggression in both people and animals. Some of testosterone's effects on aggression may be due, in part, to its metabolic products that are 5á-reduced and 3á-hydroxylated to form, 3á-androstanediol (3á-diol), which can also enhance aggression in mice. Notably, alcohol (EtOH) consumption facilitates aggression in people and animals, particularly among those predisposed to act aggressively. In rats, EtOH can increase 3á-diol in prefrontal cortex, which may facilitate aggression. The present work aimed to elucidate the role of 3á-diol for EtOH-enhanced aggression. We hypothesized that EtOH would enhance inter-male aggression, social dominance, …
Context Dependent Pitch Perception In Consonant And Dissonant Harmonic Intervals, George Albert Seror
Context Dependent Pitch Perception In Consonant And Dissonant Harmonic Intervals, George Albert Seror
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Career Role Models Of Heterosexual And Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual College Students, Michelle M. Morrow
Career Role Models Of Heterosexual And Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual College Students, Michelle M. Morrow
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The lack of role models has been cited as a barrier in the career development of sexual minority individuals (Fassinger, 1996; Fassinger, 2008). Despite the theoretical arguments about the importance of gay, lesbian and bisexual role models for sexual minority individuals there is a paucity of empirical literature examining this topic. In one such study, Nauta, Saucier, and Woodard (2001) found that sexual minority individuals reported a higher number of role models than their heterosexual peers, but significantly less support and guidance when making academic and career decisions. Additionally, they found that sexual minority individuals sought role models who were …
The Effects Of Racial Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, And Generational Status On Situation Well-Being Of Asian Americans, Li-Ling Lin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A randomized three-group, experimental online study was conducted to investigate the degree to which ethnic identity and generational status moderated the relationship between racial discrimination and situational well-being in a sample of Asian Americans. Replicating and extending Yoo and Lee's (2008) study, the current sample of 194 Asian American participants were randomly assigned to one of three vignettes: without racial discrimination (control group), a single incident of racial discrimination, or multiple incidents of racial discrimination. Results indicated that participants in the two experimental conditions reported more negative affect than participants in the control group, and participants in the multiple incidents …
Predicting Teachers' Awareness Of And Interventions In Classroom Episodes Of Gender-Based Bullying : Individual And Systems Factors, Evan David Slater
Predicting Teachers' Awareness Of And Interventions In Classroom Episodes Of Gender-Based Bullying : Individual And Systems Factors, Evan David Slater
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Gender-based bullying (GBB) includes threatening behaviors based on gender/gender-role expectations, verbal/physical harassment, unwanted sexual attention and coercion, insults, intimidation, and assaults based on sexual orientation. In this study, 342 teachers completed an online survey to identify which variables predicted their rates of witnessing and intervening in GBB. Individual variables included teacher rates of homophobia and heterosexism. Systems variables included teachers' fear of angry backlash for reporting GBB, the comprehensiveness of districts' safe school policies (SSP), the timeliness of districts' responses to reports of GBB, and the consistency of administrative responses. Also included were the number of district trainings concerning their …
Sex-Typical Body Shape, Quality Indicators And Behaviors, Kyungok Sim
Sex-Typical Body Shape, Quality Indicators And Behaviors, Kyungok Sim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
According to evolutionary theory, sex-typical body shapes (a man's muscular physique and a woman's hourglass figure) are an outcome of evolutionary adaptation in reproductive fitness because they convey information about gene quality, health and fertility, which are important elements for mate selection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex-typical body shape predicts individual variation in morphological traits that signal quality [fluctuating asymmetry (FA), hand grip strength (HGS), digit ratios (2D:4D) and leg-to-torso ratio (LTR)] and in psychological masculinity/femininity and the role of these in reproductive fitness. The results revealed that a man's masculine body shape predicted low …
Encounters With The Outcast : The Ethical Relation In Wordsworth And Lacan, Heewon Kang
Encounters With The Outcast : The Ethical Relation In Wordsworth And Lacan, Heewon Kang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation examines the ethical importance of the moments in William Wordsworth's poetry when language verges on silence or presents experience as finally unintelligible, and explores the ethical dimension of outcast figures intimately connected with the problem of this void in signification, on the basis of Jacques Lacan's insights concerning psychoanalytic ethics. The question that orients the examination of the ethical issues embodied in Wordsworth's poetry is how one should encounter or represent the outcast figure as a rupture in meaning. And the ethics of subjectivity which Lacan explores in terms of his theories of the gaze, feminine jouissance, and …
Comparing Collocated And Non-Collocated Licensed Substance Abuse Outpatient Clinics In New York State : A Program Level Analysis, Bradley R. White
Comparing Collocated And Non-Collocated Licensed Substance Abuse Outpatient Clinics In New York State : A Program Level Analysis, Bradley R. White
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective. The study addresses two research aims: (1) to examine the extent to which caseload and program characteristics differ across substance abuse outpatient programs with respect to collocation with licensed mental health outpatient clinic programs and (2) to investigate the relationship between collocation and program level service outcomes.
The Differential Effects Of Genetic And Dietary Alterations In Folate Status On Prefrontal Cortical Functions, Jessica Amanda Ash
The Differential Effects Of Genetic And Dietary Alterations In Folate Status On Prefrontal Cortical Functions, Jessica Amanda Ash
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Folate status plays an essential role in embryogenesis and brain development; however, its importance in supporting cognitive functioning throughout adulthood is less clear. The present study was interested in examining the effects of genetic and dietary alterations in folate status on prefrontal cortical functions in mice, modeling a common polymorphism in the MTHFD1 gene in folate metabolism. A factorial design was used crossing two genotypes (mice with a gene trap insertion in the Mthfd1 gene exhibiting 50% decreased Mthfd1 expression: Mthfd1gt/+ mice or wildtype mice) with two levels of dietary folate (folate sufficient or folate deficient). The mice were tested …
Pcbs And Measures Of Attention And Impulsivity On A Continuous Performance Task Of Young Mohawk Adults, Bita Behforooz
Pcbs And Measures Of Attention And Impulsivity On A Continuous Performance Task Of Young Mohawk Adults, Bita Behforooz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Past animal and human studies have shown that exposure to PCBs can result in a wide range of negative toxic effects. However, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between PCB exposure and attention and impulsivity. The present study examined the relationship between current body burden levels of PCBs and attention and impulsivity in young adults ages 17 to 21 from the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne. The community is concerned because PCBs from industrial effluent have contaminated the local ecology and entered the Mohawk's food chain. Attention and impulsivity were measured by errors of omission and errors of commission …
The Impact Of Exposure To Domestic Violence On Developmental Trajectories Of Depressive Symptoms And Antisocial Behavior Across The Transition To Adulthood, Aely Park
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Principal Aims:
A Comparative Evaluation Of Acceptance And Cognitive Restructuring Techniques For Coping With Acute Panicogenic Distress : An Experimental Evaluation In An Anxious Non-Clinical Sample, Erica Moses
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), an approach that emphasizes increasing perceptions of control and cognitive change through cognitive restructuring, has proven to be an efficacious treatment for panic disorder. However, significant proportions of patients fail to achieve clinically significant improvement. Acceptance, an alternative contextually-based approach to content- and change-based cognitive strategies, has gained popularity within the field. Research on the utility of acceptance-based strategies for anxiety is promising, particularly in comparison to control-based emotion regulation strategies, such as suppression and distraction. Yet, to date, no studies have rigorously compared acceptance-based strategies to analogs of cognitive-behavioral techniques. The present study is the first …
Darwin's Other Idea : Sexual Selection, Gender And Violence, Robert Samuel Moschgat
Darwin's Other Idea : Sexual Selection, Gender And Violence, Robert Samuel Moschgat
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation provides an empirical exploration of Darwin's theory of sexual selection, which views the male propensity to engage in short term mating strategies--sexual promiscuity and violence--as the result of sexual selection. Within an environmental context, biological father and mother household presence are expected to inhibit the initiation of short-term mating strategies and increase parental investment--paternal and maternal attachments, supervision, and protection. Whereas, structural disadvantage--living in poverty and in dangerous neighborhoods--is predicted to increase the initiation of a short-term mating strategies and compromise the parents' ability to protect their children and by weakening paternal and maternal attachments, thereby increasing the …
The Effect Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) On Driving While Intoxicated Offenders, Thomas P. Quinn
The Effect Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cbt) On Driving While Intoxicated Offenders, Thomas P. Quinn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Social work research on evidence based practices in the area of driving while intoxicated could add to the development of reasoned policies essential to resource allocation. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate differences over time in DWI recidivism among defendants with multiple DWI offenses after receiving a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) curriculum. A convenience sample of defendants on Probation supervision with histories of repeated DWI offenses (N = 286; m = 240, f = 46) were referred to the CBT program which was delivered by a clinical psychologist. Major findings included a significant difference at the .05 …
Cardiovascular Reactivity And Recovery To Stressful Tasks Following A Mindfulness-Analog In College Students With A Family History Of Hypertension, Christoffer Grant
Cardiovascular Reactivity And Recovery To Stressful Tasks Following A Mindfulness-Analog In College Students With A Family History Of Hypertension, Christoffer Grant
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ninety-seven undergraduate students with a family history of hypertension participated in a study that evaluated the effects of a brief mindfulness-induction on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to two stressors. Participants were randomized to either a mindfulness-induction or control condition and were then exposed to the cold pressor task (CPT) followed by the mirror-tracing task (MT). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline, post-induction, as well as during and immediately following each stressor. There were no group differences in reactivity to either stressor. Participants in the mindfulness-analog condition experienced significantly greater latency to systolic blood pressure recovery following the …
Why Am I Left Out? : Interpretations Of Exclusion Affect Anti-Social And Pro-Social Behaviors, Amber Debono
Why Am I Left Out? : Interpretations Of Exclusion Affect Anti-Social And Pro-Social Behaviors, Amber Debono
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Two major inconsistencies in social exclusion research have left a gap in our understanding of how people perceive the exclusion experience. One discrepancy involves a meta-analysis that indicated exclusion usually causes negative emotions (most notably anger and sadness), whereas another meta-analysis determined there was no emotional impact from exclusion. Another inconsistency in exclusion literature is that whereas multitude of studies that indicate exclusion increases aggressive behavior, a few studies have suggested that exclusion increases pro-social behavior. Based on these mixed findings, I proposed that when excluded individuals perceive the excluders to dislike or disrespect them, these perceptions lead to different …
A Survey Of School Psychological Training And Practices With Students With Asperger's Disorder, Stormi Pulver White
A Survey Of School Psychological Training And Practices With Students With Asperger's Disorder, Stormi Pulver White
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study examined the practices of school psychologists specific to students with Asperger's Disorder (AD). More specifically, the types of assessment and intervention techniques that were being recommended and/or implemented, how interventions were chosen, the perceived effectiveness of interventions, and possible barriers to their involvement were investigated. Additionally, the training experiences of practicing school psychologists in autism spectrum disorders were also explored. A total of 203 Nationally Certified School Psychologists (NCSPs) from around the nation completed an online survey modeled after the current research on AD. Data were analyzed using frequencies and a series of chi-square analyses. Results indicate that …
Exploring Curvilinear Effects And Gender Differences In Posttraumatic Growth And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In College Students, Vivian S. Hwang
Exploring Curvilinear Effects And Gender Differences In Posttraumatic Growth And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In College Students, Vivian S. Hwang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Posttraumatic growth following stressful and traumatic experiences has been associated with positive psychological and physical outcomes. In addition, distress-related variables, such as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, have been related to growth. Some studies suggest that a curvilinear relation may exist between distress and growth, although literature in this area is sparse. This study examined how distress, as measured by the civilian version of the PTSD Checklist, and posttraumatic growth are related. Results demonstrated both linear and curvilinear effects of PTSD symptom severity on growth. Data for men were significantly explained by a linear effect only, whereas data for women …
Physiology Of Yawning : Proximate Mechanisms Supporting An Ultimate Function, Melanie Lee Shoup-Knox
Physiology Of Yawning : Proximate Mechanisms Supporting An Ultimate Function, Melanie Lee Shoup-Knox
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Recent research suggests that yawning functions to cool the brain during periods of mild hyperthermia. Evidence for this hypothesis is largely behavioral, and includes reports of increased yawning during increases in ambient temperature and times of stress as well as an amelioration of yawning upon nasal breathing and forehead cooling. Little research has been published on the physiological mechanisms supporting a brain cooling function, however. The current set of studies explores human and animal physiological parameters in search of evidence of brain cooling during yawning. In humans, heart rate, skin temperature, and skin conductance findings suggest that yawning involves an …