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2010

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Articles 721 - 750 of 1689

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South Apr 2010

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

To our knowledge, the Preschool Outcome Questionnaire (POQ) is the only existing measure developed specifically to track treatment progress over time in preschool-aged children. We examined the factor structure of the POQ using an exploratory factor analysis and conclude that the POQ is an essential first step toward effective measurement of treatment outcome in young children. However, we suggest a revision of POQ items in order to provide greater cohesion and reliability without sacrificing the effective elements of the measure.

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Brigham Young University Student Perception Of Medical Practitioners Based On Gender, Curtis Pearson, Ryan Jury, Charity Kemp, Benjamin De Jesus Apr 2010

Brigham Young University Student Perception Of Medical Practitioners Based On Gender, Curtis Pearson, Ryan Jury, Charity Kemp, Benjamin De Jesus

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gender bias is a problem within the medical field, even to the extent of affecting patients care. At the U of U Medical School in 2001 BYU graduates were involved in gender bias. The female medical students complained of sexist remarks towards their role as a Doctor. Studies have shown repeatedly that patients prefer a certain type of gender when choosing a physician (Adams 2003). Physician gender attributes also contribute to the type of care that patients perceive they will get (Marshall 2007). Also, the patients perceptions of the physician's ability determine whether they follow the physicians counsel or not(Bonds …

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Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown Apr 2010

Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Stress is a part of everyday life. One important way that stress influences our health is by increasing blood pressure. Research has consistently reported that foreign‐born Mexicans have lower blood pressure than Caucasians 1. This surprises many, since foreign‐born Mexicans are typically more socioeconomically under advantaged 2. Numerous psychosocial factors such as social support and perceived control have been shown to moderate this socioeconomic status (SES)‐health gradient3, but surprisingly li1le work has been done examining how perceived stress and coping strategies influence this relationship. The current study seeks to examine how the psychological factors of perceived stress and coping influence …

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Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2010

Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study found that time management correlates with Marcia's Identity Status theory. Marcia's Identity Status reflects on the four different levels of identity: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion. Identity can consist of things such as reasons for going to school, what career they want and knowing what accomplishments they are working towards. Identity and time usage are related because as a person know what is important to them they know how they want to use their time. We are hoping to see the strength of identity in how time is allocated.

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Effect Of Time Pressure And Task Uncertainty On Human Operator Performance And Workload For Autonomous Aerial Vehicle Missions, Trevor Petersen Apr 2010

Effect Of Time Pressure And Task Uncertainty On Human Operator Performance And Workload For Autonomous Aerial Vehicle Missions, Trevor Petersen

Master's Theses - Daytona Beach

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are being utilized at an increasing rate for a number of military applications. The potential for their use in the national airspace is also of interest to the Federal Aviation Administration, but there are some concerns about the safety of flying unmanned aircraft. The role of a UAS operator differs from that of a pilot in a manned aircraft, and this new role creates a need for a shift in interface and task design in order to take advantage of the full potential of these systems. This study examined the effect of time pressure and task …

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Preliminary Validation Of A Measure Of Generosity, William Buhrow, Rodger K. Bufford, Kurt C. Webb Apr 2010

Preliminary Validation Of A Measure Of Generosity, William Buhrow, Rodger K. Bufford, Kurt C. Webb

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

In 2006, there were 1.48 million non-profits in the United States. Of those, 190,000 were religiously oriented charities. Most charities rely at least in part on the generosity of others. However, review of the extant literature demonstrated a lack of scales designed to assess an individual’s generosity. Therefore, a scale was developed in order to measure this construct and its related dimensions. A random sample of University students (n=106) from a small, Christian university and members of a local church (n=68) chose to participate for a total of 174 participants. The generosity scale was a 14 item self-report scale designed …

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Flourishing: Human Nature, Happiness And Positive Psychology, Chad A. Houchin, Rodger K. Bufford Apr 2010

Flourishing: Human Nature, Happiness And Positive Psychology, Chad A. Houchin, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

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Spiritual Bypass: A Preliminary Investigation, Harriet L. Glosoff, Craig S. Cashwell, Chereé Hammond Apr 2010

Spiritual Bypass: A Preliminary Investigation, Harriet L. Glosoff, Craig S. Cashwell, Chereé Hammond

Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works

The phenomenon of spiritual bypass has received limited attention in the transpersonal psychology and counseling literature and has not been subjected to empirical inquiry. This study examines the phenomenon of spiritual bypass by considering how spirituality, mindfulness, alexithymia (emotional restrictiveness), and narcissism work together to influence depression and anxiety among college students. Results suggested that mindfulness and alexithymia accounted for variance in depression beyond what is accounted for by spirituality and that all 3 factors (mindfulness, alexithymia, and narcissism) accounted for variance in anxiety beyond what is accounted for by spirituality. Implications for counselors are provided.

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The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

The Effect Of Positive Affect On Memory, Jenna Gardner, Jeremy Ashworth, Brittney Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The majority of positive affect research has been studied in relation to mental flexibility and creative thinking, with a smaller emphasis in the area of memory recall. Studies have specifically looked at the influence of positive affect as it relates to the following: creative problem solving (e.g., Mikulincer, & Sheffi, 2000, Estrada, Young, & Isen, 1994; Greene & Noice, 1988; Isen, Johnson, Mertz, & Robinson, 1985), improves recall of neutral and positive information (Isen, Shalker, Clark, & Karp, 1978; Nasby & Yando, 1982; Teasdale & Fogarty, 1979), promotes mental flexibility (Carnevale & Isen, 1986; Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997; Isen …

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Exploring Web 2.0 Technologies To Internationalize The Teaching Of Psychology, Richard Velayo Apr 2010

Exploring Web 2.0 Technologies To Internationalize The Teaching Of Psychology, Richard Velayo

Cornerstone 3 Reports : Interdisciplinary Informatics

No abstract provided.

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Juvenile Delinquency Policy And Juvenile Crime In The American States, Jennifer Baker Apr 2010

Juvenile Delinquency Policy And Juvenile Crime In The American States, Jennifer Baker

Political Science Theses and Capstones

Every year each state comes out with a report on all the possible crimes that were committed and how many people were convicted for various crimes in a given state. The same goes for juveniles, as reported in the Juvenile Offenders and Victims 2006 National Report. I compiled data on the fifty states and their programs directed towards juveniles. I then compared the different crimes against the different programs to see if there was any significant difference in Crime rates between states having a specific juvenile justice program or not. I found that some of the programs did affect crime …

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Mate Selection And Marital Expectations: Examination Of A Modern College Cohort, Erin Mueller, Brittnie Pearson Apr 2010

Mate Selection And Marital Expectations: Examination Of A Modern College Cohort, Erin Mueller, Brittnie Pearson

CUP Faculty Research

Examining cohort effects of mate selection has occurred for several decades. Much of the research is based on Hill’s classic 1945 study Campus Values in Mate Selection. Hill formulated 18 factors important in mate selection. These factors have been utilized in several studies, including a recent cross-cultural investigation (Stone, Shackelford, & Buss, 2006). Marital expectations can be framed in an epigenetic model that includes the importance of an ideal partner (Juvva & Bhatti, 2006). The goals of this descriptive study were twofold: (1) to identify the factors important in mate selection to a modern cohort of college students and (2) …

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Selected Demographic Characteristics And Social Interest As Predictors Of Teacher Stress, Barry J. Morales Apr 2010

Selected Demographic Characteristics And Social Interest As Predictors Of Teacher Stress, Barry J. Morales

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of the research was to study stress in teachers in Louisiana by utilizing a descriptive/comparative research design. Hypotheses were tested concerning relationships between each of seven independent variables and the dependent variable (teacher stress). The independent variables were (a) years of teaching experience, (b) educational levels of teachers (college degrees), (c) age, (d) gender, (e) social interest, (f) geographical location (North and South Louisiana), and (g) educational levels of students taught by teachers (elementary, middle, high school). The procedure for choosing the participants involved a sample of convenience whereby superintendents provided access/permission to specific schools. Nine schools (three …

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Event Segmentation And Memory Retrieval In Reading Comprehension, Charles Baker Brenner Apr 2010

Event Segmentation And Memory Retrieval In Reading Comprehension, Charles Baker Brenner

Linguistics Honors Projects

Comprehending text involves the convergence of top-down, expectation-driven processes and bottom-up, stimulus-driven processes. The precise nature of this convergence, however, is not well understood. The current study used narrative time shifts and shifts in protagonist goal, both hypothesized to encourage event-segmented memory representations, to investigate the interaction between automatic and constructive memory processes during reading. The addition of time and goal shifts was found to have no effect on the automatic retrieval of information from memory. The results are interpreted as support for the bottom-up account of retrieval of information during reading, and for the idea that the top-down account …

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Section Abstracts: Psychology Apr 2010

Section Abstracts: Psychology

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Psychology Section for the 88th Annual meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science, May 20-21, 2010, James Madison University, Harrisonburg Virginia.

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Indlovukazi Yase-Afrika (Zulu Queen): A Curriculum For Young Women’S Empowerment In Kwa-Zulu Natal, Judith Merzbach Apr 2010

Indlovukazi Yase-Afrika (Zulu Queen): A Curriculum For Young Women’S Empowerment In Kwa-Zulu Natal, Judith Merzbach

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Fifteen years into a democratic society, fifteen years after the abolition of a governmental structure that purposefully marginalized a majority of citizens, South African women are still living as a marginalized majority. While the position of women holding symbolic and representational positions remains changed for the better, the role of women in civil society has made little progress. Since the end of apartheid, the number of cases of sexual assault and rape against women continues to increase, painting a bleak picture regarding the protection of women. Young women also find themselves the victims of HIV/AIDS at an incredibly unbalanced rate …

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Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson Apr 2010

Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Learning and memory are phenomena made possible via physical changes at neuronal synapses in the brain, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity contribute to such diseases and disorders as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and retrograde amnesia (Brunetal., 2001). Recently, TRPV1 activation was shown to mediate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Gibsonetal., 2008). TRPV1 is a presynaptic ligand-gated calcium (Ca2+) channel located throughout the CNS, including in the hippocampus. TRPV1 channels are activated by the binding of capsaicin, which is responsible for producing the “heat” of red peppers. Several studies implicate a role for TRPV1 in contextual …

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Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler Apr 2010

Non-Target Incidental Memory And Associated Factors, Sean Peterson, Erin D. Bigler

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Students want to learn what is on the test, but professors want students to learn all the curriculum, tested or not. One compromise is through non-target incidental memory, which acts like peripheral vision, so that even though some material is emphasized, surrounding material is also processed and learned. The current study found a significant amount of incidental memory that did not vary with year in school or sex. Therefore, “teaching to the test” does not necessarily block all learning of other material: some of it is automatically learned as well.

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El Sistema De Educación En Ecuador Y Las Aspiraciones Que Las Madres Ecuatorianas Tienen Para Sus Hijos, Gina Conway Apr 2010

El Sistema De Educación En Ecuador Y Las Aspiraciones Que Las Madres Ecuatorianas Tienen Para Sus Hijos, Gina Conway

Pitzer Senior Theses

This senior thesis project examines how the educational system in Ecuador affects the youth of the country. It al so explores the aspirations mothers have for their children in terms of obtaining an education as well as their opinions about the current educational system in Ecuador. The investigation consisted of conducting interviews with both indigenous mothers who live in the countryside and mothers who live in the city of Quito. 1 chose to study two different demographics because I was curious if there were differences within the two groups on these issues. Moreover, 1 used my own observations as well …

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Trust Judgments And The Hindsight Bias Effect, Martin Daniel Smith-Rodden Apr 2010

Trust Judgments And The Hindsight Bias Effect, Martin Daniel Smith-Rodden

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

A decision to trust or not to trust can be examined within a broader category of cognition research concerning decisions under uncertainty. The purpose of this research was to investigate trust decisions through the lens of the hindsight bias effect. The hindsight bias effect (sometimes known as the "I knew it all along" effect) is a consequence that often follows judgments under uncertainty. Two experiments examined participants' evaluations of trust outcomes to determine if and how judgments of trust might be susceptible to hindsight biases. Experiment 1 exposed participants to vignettes depicting a third-party trust transaction between friends, with outcomes …

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Understanding The Relationship Between Peer Mentoring And Undergraduate Capitalization, Jonathan M. Holland Apr 2010

Understanding The Relationship Between Peer Mentoring And Undergraduate Capitalization, Jonathan M. Holland

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Research has demonstrated the importance of various forms of mentoring across multiple contexts. However, the topic of informal peer mentors has not been sufficiently explored. This study investigated the role of peer mentors in encouraging participation in voluntary development activities (i.e., capitalization). An online survey was completed by 288 undergraduate students. As hypothesized, mentoring was positively related to high levels of participation in capitalization activities and intentions to mentor in the future, and capitalization participation was positively related to higher levels of student satisfaction, continuance commitment, and career involvement. Contrary to expectations, capitalization participation was not significantly related to affective …

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The Relationship Between Leader Behaviors And Subordinate Performance: Examining The Moderating Influence Of Leader-Member Exchange, Kurt L. Oborn Apr 2010

The Relationship Between Leader Behaviors And Subordinate Performance: Examining The Moderating Influence Of Leader-Member Exchange, Kurt L. Oborn

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Subordinates interpret and react to the behaviors of their leaders. Based on a theory of organizational trust, it was argued that greater trust between subordinate and leader is required to respond appropriately to relations-oriented behaviors than task-oriented behaviors due to a higher level of personal risk to the subordinate. As a consequence of responding appropriately to relations-oriented behaviors, a subordinate immediately becomes identified with or connected to a leader. Such identification requires the specific LMX currency of professional respect be present in order for an adequate amount of trust to be developed. In contrast, task-oriented behaviors ally the subordinate with …

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Urban School Counselors' Perceptions Of Low-Income Families, Rebekah F. Cole Apr 2010

Urban School Counselors' Perceptions Of Low-Income Families, Rebekah F. Cole

Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

There is a paucity of research on the topic of professional school counselors and their perceptions of families. The purpose of this phenomenological, qualitative study was to examine how urban professional school counselors perceive low-income families in their schools. To accomplish this investigation, ten school counselors in two urban school districts were interviewed twice and were then sent an email with follow-up questions. The data was analyzed for themes and patterns, which were subjected to verification procedures. Three categories emerged from the data: urban school counselors' perceptions of the low-income families in their schools, effects of school counselors' perceptions on …

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Group Ii Metabolic Glutamate Receptors In The Basal Amygdala Regulate Sleep And Fear-Induced Alterations In Sleep, Enheng Dong Apr 2010

Group Ii Metabolic Glutamate Receptors In The Basal Amygdala Regulate Sleep And Fear-Induced Alterations In Sleep, Enheng Dong

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and it has been recognized as playing an essential role in activating and maintaining arousal. Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu II) receptors are expressed in the amygdala, a brain structure important in the regulation of stress and anxiety as well as in the regulation of sleep and arousal. Our lab has found that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) is involved in the emotional modulation of sleep. The basal amygdala (BA), which has direct connections with the CNA, is involved in conditioned fear and fear extinction. However, the potential role …

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An Experimental Analysis Of Couple Aggression Using A Response Choice Paradigm, Claudia R. Viggiano Apr 2010

An Experimental Analysis Of Couple Aggression Using A Response Choice Paradigm, Claudia R. Viggiano

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Research suggests that a majority of the violence reported by couples involves mutual, low-level acts of aggression; however, there is a dearth of research examining this "common couple violence" using a true experimental paradigm. The current study was designed to more closely approximate a naturalistic situation involving common couple violence by allowing participants to choose whether to retaliate in the face of provocation by their partner. Couples were randomly assigned to four conditions representing different patterns of provocation. Based on the assigned condition, participants received varying amounts of bad tasting juice allegedly poured for them by their partners across 5 …

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The Self Regulation Model: Research Findings And Implications For Treatment, Mackenzie E. Lambine, Alejandro Leguizamo Apr 2010

The Self Regulation Model: Research Findings And Implications For Treatment, Mackenzie E. Lambine, Alejandro Leguizamo

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of And Child Preference For Forward And Backward Chaining, Sarah K. Slocum Apr 2010

An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of And Child Preference For Forward And Backward Chaining, Sarah K. Slocum

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Correlates Of Attitudes Toward Diversity Among White College Students, Amanda G. Sobottka Apr 2010

Correlates Of Attitudes Toward Diversity Among White College Students, Amanda G. Sobottka

Honors Projects

Previous research illustrates numerous benefits of diversity, notably in college. Despite the benefits, not all students have positive attitudes toward diversity initiatives. Specifically, research suggests that White college students are less likely to engage in diversity-related experiences. Fostering positive diversity attitudes and general awareness about diversity-related constructs might enhance the benefits of a diverse campus. This study examined the relations of gender, year in school, openness to experience, diversity experiences, colorblind racial attitudes, and diversity attitudes. Participants were White undergraduate students from a small, private, liberal arts college. The main finding was that color-blindness negatively related to positive attitudes toward …

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An Analysis Of Continuous Chest Compression Cpr For Ems Providers During Out Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Megan L. Gleason Apr 2010

An Analysis Of Continuous Chest Compression Cpr For Ems Providers During Out Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Megan L. Gleason

Honors Projects

A significant amount of research has been done in an attempt to improve the outcomes of patients found in cardiac arrest outside the hospital. The American Heart Association has long advocated Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), a procedure that encompasses cycles of chest compressions with advanced airway maintenance and defibrillation. Recent evidence has suggested that these current guidelines are ineffective due to prolonged “hands off” time. New research suggests utilizing a technique known as continuous chest compression CPR that delays advanced airway management and instead focuses on defibrillation and continuous chest compressions. Across the country, research has demonstrated that when …

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Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote Apr 2010

Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Acupuncture of the Shenmen(HT-7) channel has a strong inhibitory effect on ethanol(ETOH)-induced dopamine (DA) release and prevents the reduction of dopamine (DA) by chronic ETOH (Zhaoetal.,2006). GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate DA neuron activity and release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). They also express mu-opioid receptors (Fig.1) and their firing rate is inhibited by ETOH andopioids (Fig.2).

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