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2010

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Articles 1411 - 1440 of 1689

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Relationships Among School Counselors' Multicultural Competence, Demographic Data And Ethical Decision-Making, Laura Ann Strong Jan 2010

The Relationships Among School Counselors' Multicultural Competence, Demographic Data And Ethical Decision-Making, Laura Ann Strong

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships, if any, among school counselors' multicultural competence, demographic data and ethical decision-making ability. The participants (N=160) for this study were members of the American Counseling Association (ACA) who designated their area of practice as school counseling. Participant's multicultural competence level was measured by the use of the MCCTS-R© (Revised by Holcomb-McCoy, 2004). Participant's ethical decision-making ability was measured through the use of the EDMS-R© (Revised by Paritzky and Dufrene, 2000; Adapted from James Rest's Defining Issues Test©, 1979, All Rights Reserved). The participants' demographic data was collected through the use …

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The Effect Of Initial Entry Training On The Moral And Character Development Of Military Police Soldiers, Kenneth R. Williams Jan 2010

The Effect Of Initial Entry Training On The Moral And Character Development Of Military Police Soldiers, Kenneth R. Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The U.S. Army conducts extensive training on its core values beginning with initial entry training (IET), commonly referred to as basic training, in order to shape soldiers' behavior and decision making in combat and noncombat situations. This mixed methods study addressed the problem of limited empirical research on the effects of U.S. Army IET on soldiers' moral and character development. The purpose was to explore the effects of Military Police (MP) IET on soldiers in training through a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative model. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Rest's four component model (FCM) of moral …

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A Qualitative Study Of Bariatric Patients And Their Social And Emotional Experiences After Surgery, Denise Hall Jan 2010

A Qualitative Study Of Bariatric Patients And Their Social And Emotional Experiences After Surgery, Denise Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Previous research has indicated that the majority of individuals who undergo bariatric surgery have histories of psychological disorders. Only a paucity of research has examined the social and emotional effects of bariatric surgery on patients. Using Kelly's personal construct theory as the conceptual framework, this phenomenological study was designed to gain more insight into how this life-altering bariatric surgery transforms patients socially and emotionally. Fifteen participants who had undergone bariatric surgery in the past 10 years were interviewed for the study. The interviews were transcribed and coded. Similar themes found within the interviews were identified as the primary themes of …

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Using A Structured Decision Making Protocol To Stratify Caseloads In The Child Support Program, Steven J. Golightly Jan 2010

Using A Structured Decision Making Protocol To Stratify Caseloads In The Child Support Program, Steven J. Golightly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although structured decision making and risk assessment protocols have successfully been used in human service programs, little research has been done on their applicability in the child support program. In this study, problems identified with child support case management were examined, along with positive and negative attributes of various risk assessment tools utilized in other arenas. The overall research problem asserted that there are no structured decision making protocols in the child support program to support case assignment by enforcement difficulty. The primary research question asked whether or not a process stratified by risk and level of enforcement difficulty could …

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Psychosocial Development, Well-Being, And Internalizing Symptoms During Emerging Adulthood: An Examination Of Mediating And Moderating Factors, Jennifer Paley Edidin Jan 2010

Psychosocial Development, Well-Being, And Internalizing Symptoms During Emerging Adulthood: An Examination Of Mediating And Moderating Factors, Jennifer Paley Edidin

Dissertations

The current study was the second part of a longitudinal study, which sought to explore psychosocial development in an older population of emerging adults. Specifically, it examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between psychosocial development and internalizing symptoms, as well as between psychosocial development and well-being. Possible mediating and moderating factors were also considered. Two hundred and twelve eligible individuals from one private Midwestern University and one small private college on the East Coast, who completed measures as college seniors, were invited to participate in the second wave of the study, approximately 1½ years after graduation. Participants were asked to complete …

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In Whose Best Interest? Using An Experimental Vignette To Assess Factors Influencing Placement Decisions In Child Welfare, Jeff Sieracki Jan 2010

In Whose Best Interest? Using An Experimental Vignette To Assess Factors Influencing Placement Decisions In Child Welfare, Jeff Sieracki

Dissertations

Building on prior research that utilizes clinical vignettes to analyze child welfare placement decisions (Briar, 1963; Britner & Mossler, 2002; Donnelly, 1980; Drury-Hudson, 1999; Gold, et al., 2001; Taylor, 2006), the present study employs an experimental format to assess the relative importance that social workers place on variables related to placement decisions, and to study any differences regarding decision making that may emerge amongst the child welfare professionals themselves. The study consists of a single hypothetical vignette that will be sent to social workers in the state of Illinois. Prior to administration of the questionnaire, multiple experts in the field …

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"Now That We're Married, Does That Change Anything?": The Role Of Change In Romantic Relationships And The Implications For Alibi Research, Kevin W. Jolly Jan 2010

"Now That We're Married, Does That Change Anything?": The Role Of Change In Romantic Relationships And The Implications For Alibi Research, Kevin W. Jolly

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Research on alibis has focused on how the presence of a relationship between an alibi corroborator and a defendant affects how jurors perceive the alibi itself. Some published studies have examined how the relationship between the alibi corroborator and the defendant affects evaluations of the alibi. The extant literature on alibis now warrants investigations of how differences among types of relationships between an alibi corroborator and the accused influence the evaluation of the alibi claim. The first study examined whether alibi evaluations are affected by the length of a romantic relationship between an alibi corroborator and a defendant and by …

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Training To Detect Deception: The Role Of Intelligent Tutoring Systems And Impression-Based Cues, Stephen Worth Michael Jan 2010

Training To Detect Deception: The Role Of Intelligent Tutoring Systems And Impression-Based Cues, Stephen Worth Michael

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Research attempting to train individuals to detect deception has demonstrated small, inconsistent effects. The methods with which previous studies have trained participants and the cues to deception used in these training programs may be partially responsible for these findings. The current study investigated the effectiveness of a novel, interactive training program for deception detection which used an interview setting with virtual humans and an intelligent tutoring system. This training program was compared to a non-interactive training program. Participants were trained on eight indirect, impression-based cues that have been empirically demonstrated to be diagnostic of deception. Results demonstrated that indirect, impression-based …

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Intelligent Tutoring For Interviewing To Detect Deception: Can Investigators Be Trained To Attain And Detect Accurate Cues To Deception?, Justin Albrechtsen Jan 2010

Intelligent Tutoring For Interviewing To Detect Deception: Can Investigators Be Trained To Attain And Detect Accurate Cues To Deception?, Justin Albrechtsen

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The present study examined whether investigators can be trained to elicit and detect cues to deception. The study included two training conditions and a control condition. Participants in the virtual Human Intelligent Tutoring System (vHITS) conditions completed a training program for deception detection and investigative interviewing. The primary components of this training were one-on-one interaction with a virtual human and tutoring tailored to specific participant responses. Participants in the Computer Based Training (CBT) conditions completed a comparable training program for deception detection and investigative interviewing. However, this program provided a more passive training environment with no interaction between student and …

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An Investigation Of The Individual Differences In Cognitive Factors That Contribute To Bilingual Lexical Disambiguation, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes Jan 2010

An Investigation Of The Individual Differences In Cognitive Factors That Contribute To Bilingual Lexical Disambiguation, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of working memory capacity, access to subordinate meanings of L1 homonyms and degree of cross-language activation on the access to subordinate meanings of L2 homonyms. In Experiment 1, Spanish-English bilinguals completed a word recognition task which assessed how quickly and accurately they accessed subordinate meanings of English homonyms that were either noncognates (e.g. fast/rápido) or cognates (e.g. letter/letra) with Spanish. In Experiment 2, another group of Spanish-English bilinguals read sentences while having their eye-movements recorded for measures of lexical access. On the critical trials, sentences contained a homonym that was …

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The Use Of Protective Behavioral Strategies Is Related To Reduced Risk In Heavy Drinking College Students With Poorer Mental And Physical Health, Joseph W. Labrie, Shannon R. Kenney, Andrew Lac Jan 2010

The Use Of Protective Behavioral Strategies Is Related To Reduced Risk In Heavy Drinking College Students With Poorer Mental And Physical Health, Joseph W. Labrie, Shannon R. Kenney, Andrew Lac

Heads Up!

The present study examined the moderating role of health status (physical, mental, and social health) and the relationships between protective behavioral strategies utilized to reduce high-risk drinking (e.g., avoiding drinking games, setting consumption limits, or having a designated driver) and alcohol use and negative consequences in a sample of heavy drinking college students (N = 1,820). In this high risk sample, multiple regression analyses showed that stronger social health was related to increased drinking, while poorer physical, mental, and social health were related to increased alcohol negative consequences. Further, moderation effects revealed that increasing the use of protective behaviors …

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Differential Effects And Rates Of Normal Aging In Cerebellum And Hippocampus, Diana S. Woodruff-Pak, Michael R. Foy, Garnik G. Akopian, Ka Hung Lee, Jordan Zach, Kim Phuong Thi Nguyen, David M. Comalli, John A. Kennard, Alexis Agelan, Richard F. Thompson Jan 2010

Differential Effects And Rates Of Normal Aging In Cerebellum And Hippocampus, Diana S. Woodruff-Pak, Michael R. Foy, Garnik G. Akopian, Ka Hung Lee, Jordan Zach, Kim Phuong Thi Nguyen, David M. Comalli, John A. Kennard, Alexis Agelan, Richard F. Thompson

Psychological Science Faculty Works

Cognitive functions show many alternative outcomes and great individual variation during normal aging. We examined learning over the adult life span in CBA mice, along with morphological and electrophysiological substrates. Our aim was to compare cerebellum-dependent delay eyeblink classical conditioning and hippocampus-dependent contextual fear conditioning in the same animals using the same conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for eyeblink and fear conditioning. In a subset of the behaviorally tested mice, we used unbiased stereology to estimate the total number of Purkinje neurons in cerebellar cortex and pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. Several forms of synaptic plasticity were assessed at different ages …

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College Instructors’ Implicit Theories About Teaching Skills And Their Relationship To Professional Development Choices, Vandana Thadani, Jacqueline Dewar, William Breland Jan 2010

College Instructors’ Implicit Theories About Teaching Skills And Their Relationship To Professional Development Choices, Vandana Thadani, Jacqueline Dewar, William Breland

Psychological Science Faculty Works

Implicit theories about the malleability of skills/abilities have been shown to predict learners’ willingness to participate in learning opportunities. The authors examined whether college professors’ implicit theories about the malleability of teaching skills predicted their willingness to engage in professional development (PD) related to teaching. One hundred thirty faculty members completed a questionnaire measuring implicit theories about teaching skills and interest in several PD opportunities. Implicit theory of teaching scores predicted faculty members’ interest in PD and their PD choices. The findings have implications for colleges/universities, which face increased pressure to engage faculty in PD in order to meet goals …

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Peacebuilding, Cristina Jayme Montiel Jan 2010

Peacebuilding, Cristina Jayme Montiel

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Democratization And Peace Within States, Cristina Jayme Montiel Jan 2010

Democratization And Peace Within States, Cristina Jayme Montiel

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Prenatal Beta-Endorphin As An Early Predictor Of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms In Euthymic Women, Ilona S. Yim, Laura M. Glynn, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Calvin J. Hobel, Aleksandra Chicz-Demet, Curt A. Sandman Jan 2010

Prenatal Beta-Endorphin As An Early Predictor Of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms In Euthymic Women, Ilona S. Yim, Laura M. Glynn, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Calvin J. Hobel, Aleksandra Chicz-Demet, Curt A. Sandman

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

After delivery, many women experience symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD), and early identification of women at risk is therefore important. The opioid peptide [beta]-endorphin has been implicated in non-puerperal depression but its role in the development of PPD is unknown.

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Ethnic Differences Among Incarcerated Sex Offenders, Alejandro Leguizamo, Brooke Peltzman, Nicolas Carrasco, Michelle Nosal, Leslie Woods Jan 2010

Ethnic Differences Among Incarcerated Sex Offenders, Alejandro Leguizamo, Brooke Peltzman, Nicolas Carrasco, Michelle Nosal, Leslie Woods

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Instructions As A Safeguard Against Prosecutorial Misconduct, Judith Platania, Rachel Small Jan 2010

Instructions As A Safeguard Against Prosecutorial Misconduct, Judith Platania, Rachel Small

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Prosecutorial misconduct in the form of improper closing argument has been identified as a leading cause of unfairness in capital trials. The U.S. Supreme Court has indicated that arguments with the potential to unduly influence the jury should be clarified by a specific judicial instruction. The present study investigated the effectiveness of varying instructions on sentence recommendations and perceptions of improper prosecutor argument. Results indicated that the inclusion of a specific, cautionary instruction led to significantly less death penalty recommendations compared to a brief, general instruction. In addition, instructions minimized the importance of the misconduct statements on participants’ sentence recommendations. …

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Traumatic Events, Perceived Stress, And Health In Women With Fibromyalgia And Healthy Controls, Bruce W. Smith, Erin M. Tooley Jan 2010

Traumatic Events, Perceived Stress, And Health In Women With Fibromyalgia And Healthy Controls, Bruce W. Smith, Erin M. Tooley

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

This study examined the relationship between trauma, stress and health in 41 women with fibromyalgia (FM) and 44 women who were healthy controls (HC). The participants were assessed for traumatic events, perceived stress and mental and physical health. Perceived stress was related to worse mental and physical health in both groups. Traumatic events were related to worse mental and physical health in the FM group but were unrelated to health in the HC group. Perceived stress partially mediated the effect of traumatic events on mental and physical health in the FM group. Finally, adult abuse partially mediated the effects of …

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Predicting Sales Performance: Considering Nonlinear Relationships Between Gma, Performance, And Effectiveness, Jason D. Culbertson Jan 2010

Predicting Sales Performance: Considering Nonlinear Relationships Between Gma, Performance, And Effectiveness, Jason D. Culbertson

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Measuring Conscientiousness with Explicit and Implicit Measures Although the literature has a wealth of research predicting salesperson performance, the literature is unclear. Even meta-analytic research (Barrick et al., 2001; Schmidt & Hunter, 1998; Vinchur et al. 1998) appears inconsistent. The main goal of this study was to determine if the relationships were of a nonlinear nature and leading to confusion. This study found that the relationships between sales performance depended on the type of criteria (supervisor ratings or performance versus sales revenue or effectiveness) and the type of relationship examined (linear or nonlinear). This study was successful in demonstrating a …

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The Effects Of Mood And Dispositional Affectivity On Self-Reported Job Satisfaction, Cristina D. Kirkendall Jan 2010

The Effects Of Mood And Dispositional Affectivity On Self-Reported Job Satisfaction, Cristina D. Kirkendall

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Job satisfaction has several antecedents, including situational factors (e.g., pay, job characteristics), personality factors (e.g., positive and negative affectivity), and social interactions at work. Job satisfaction is most often measured with self-report surveys which may not effectively capture unconscious attitudes or context effects such as mood. Mood at time of survey completion has been shown to have an effect on self-reported satisfaction measures. This study uses animal-related video clips as a mood induction and examines the effect of induced mood and personality factors on self-report measures of job satisfaction.

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Measuring Conscientiousness With Explicit And Implicit Measures, Jenna Noelle Filipkowski Jan 2010

Measuring Conscientiousness With Explicit And Implicit Measures, Jenna Noelle Filipkowski

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The fakability of three measures of conscientiousness was examined: the International personality Item Pool (IPIP), the Conditional Reasoning Test, and Implicit Association Tests (IAT). Data from a student sample (N = 442) found the Conditional Reasoning and IATs were the least susceptible to faking, but they did not have a meaningful relationship with the IPIP. The Conditional Reasoning Test was the best non-cognitive predictor of College GPA (r = .23, p < .01), perhaps due to the fact it may tap cognitive ability as evidenced by its significant correlation with the ACT (r = .41, p < .01). The explicit (self- report) and implicit (IAT) measures of conscientiousness had a low positive correlation with one another. Some researchers may use this finding as evidence that they are measuring different aspects of the construct.

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Team Coordination As A Mediator Of Stress Appraisals And Team Performance, Gaea Megan Payton Jan 2010

Team Coordination As A Mediator Of Stress Appraisals And Team Performance, Gaea Megan Payton

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Threat stress appraisals can negatively affect individuals by decreasing performance (Gildea, Schneider, & Shebilske, 2007). Performance is also influenced by a team's ability to coordinate tasks (Entin & Serfaty, 1999). This study investigated the link between team stressor appraisals, coordination, and performance. Using a simulated team environment, teams were evaluated on their perceived stress appraisals, coordination as indicated through instant messaging, and team performance. Findings showed that team stressor appraisals were marginally related to coordination and significantly related to performance. Coordination was related to team performance. Further research should be performed using varied levels of a stressful scenario to evaluate …

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The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett Jan 2010

The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The following study examines the relationship between amount of information, performance, expertise, and temporal awareness during a high fidelity military battle command simulation. The current study provides an in situ example of temporal estimation which is lacking in the current body of research. Twenty Ohio National Guardsmen of varying expertise played the role of battle commander during the simulation. Novice behavior differed from experts. Novice indications of temporal awareness did not vary with contextual change. However, they provided non-detailed temporal utterances and a relationship between temporal awareness and performance. This pattern suggests that they were overwhelmed by the amount of …

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Influence Of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, And Expansion Rate On Braking Behavior, Sheldon M. Russell Jan 2010

Influence Of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, And Expansion Rate On Braking Behavior, Sheldon M. Russell

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

A driving simulator was used to understand the way humans control collisions. Based on the research of Smith et al. (2001), and McKenna (2004), this study altered distance to and size of a target to determine if optical angle and expansion rate were used independently to control behavior in a collision event rather than combined into a single variable, tau, as suggested by Lee (1976). Furthermore, edge rate as defined by Denton (1980) and global optical flow rate (GOFR) (Warren, 1982) were considered as possible visual sources of egomotion information. Similar to the results found by McKenna (2004), participants appeared …

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An Examination Of Type I Errors And Power For Two Differential Item Functioning Indices, Patrick Carl Clark Jr. Jan 2010

An Examination Of Type I Errors And Power For Two Differential Item Functioning Indices, Patrick Carl Clark Jr.

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study examined two methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF): Raju, van der Linden, and Fleer's (1995) differential functioning of items and tests procedure (DFIT) and Thissen, Steinberg, and Wainer's (1988) likelihood ratio test (LRT). The major research questions concerned which test provides the best balance of Type I errors and power and if the tests differ in terms of detecting different types of DIF. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to address these questions. Equal and unequal sample size conditions were fully crossed with test lengths of 10 and 20 items. In addition, α and β parameters were manipulated …

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The Importance Of Perceived Similarity Within Faculty-Faculty Mentoring Dyads, Emily N. Polander Jan 2010

The Importance Of Perceived Similarity Within Faculty-Faculty Mentoring Dyads, Emily N. Polander

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effects of gender similarity, perceived similarity, and relationship type (formal vs. informal) within faculty-faculty mentoring dyads on various mentoring outcomes from the protégé's perspective. Perceived similarity was expected to be a stronger predictor of relationship satisfaction, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intent than gender similarity. Perceived similarity was also examined as a potential mediator of relationship type and relationship satisfaction. Tenure-track faculty who reported having mentors (N = 45) answered questions regarding their primary career mentor and other workplace attitudes. Results indicated that perceived similarity had a positive, greater effect than gender similarity on relationship …

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Empathy And Error Processing, Scott A. Baldwin, Michael J. Larson, Joseph E. Fair, Daniel A. Good Jan 2010

Empathy And Error Processing, Scott A. Baldwin, Michael J. Larson, Joseph E. Fair, Daniel A. Good

Faculty Publications

Recent research suggests a relationship between empathy and error processing. Error processing is an evaluativecontrol function that can be measured using post-error response time slowing and the error-related negativity (ERN)and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the event-related potential (ERP). Thirty healthy participants completedtwo measures of empathy, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ), and a modifiedStroop task. Post-error slowing was associated with increased empathic personal distress on the IRI. ERN amplitudewas related to overall empathy score on the EQ and the fantasy subscale of the IRI. The Pe and measures of empathywere not related. Results remained consistent …

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"Because I'M Neither Gringa Nor Latina, Because I Am Not Any One Thing": Children Of Colombian And Dominican Immigrants Negotiating Identities Within (Trans)National Social Fields, Debora Upegui-Hernandez Jan 2010

"Because I'M Neither Gringa Nor Latina, Because I Am Not Any One Thing": Children Of Colombian And Dominican Immigrants Negotiating Identities Within (Trans)National Social Fields, Debora Upegui-Hernandez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation explores how Colombian and Dominican children of immigrants living in New York City negotiate multiple identities, selves, cultures, and histories within transnational social fields. In other words, children of immigrants grow up in the midst of multiple cultures and juggle multiple sets of cultural norms, values, and expectations, their parents' and those of mainstream `American' culture, while they maintain transnational ties to the home country of their parents. This study contributes to the social psychological literature about Dominican and Colombian children of immigrants by introducing a transnational framework to understand their experiences growing up in-between cultures and borders. …

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The Interaction Of Intensity And Deviance On Auditory Event-Related Potentials: Findings Using Principal Component Analysis (Pca) Of Current Source Densities (Csds), Nathan A. Gates Jan 2010

The Interaction Of Intensity And Deviance On Auditory Event-Related Potentials: Findings Using Principal Component Analysis (Pca) Of Current Source Densities (Csds), Nathan A. Gates

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Mismatch negativity (MMN) studies provide insights into the brain's ability to perceive and/or detect deviations from established sensory patterns. Clinical studies investigating the loudness-dependency of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) have shown a relationship between the intensity of an auditory stimulus and neuro-physiological or -chemical activity of the primary auditory cortex. Unfortunately, these two bodies of literature remain disjointed. The present study integrates elements of each body of literature to a) investigate the impact of varying levels of intensity deviance on N1/P2 with a standard set of intensities used in LDAEP paradigms, and b) assess the extent to which deviance-related processes …

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