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Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Call For Papers: 97th Annual Conference Of The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences Apr 2026

Call For Papers: 97th Annual Conference Of The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Art Battle: Perceptions Of Criminality In Rap Vs. Stand-Up Comedy, Abiodun A. Akinseye, Fabiana Alceste, Ashley N. Peters Apr 2026

Art Battle: Perceptions Of Criminality In Rap Vs. Stand-Up Comedy, Abiodun A. Akinseye, Fabiana Alceste, Ashley N. Peters

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Applied research on perceptions of rap music shows that it is viewed more negatively than other musical genres, such as rock or country (e.g., Dunbar et al., 2016). This is in part due to associations between rap and Blackness, including stereotypes about Black people in general and about rappers specifically (e.g., Reyna et al., 2009). In the United States, prosecutors will sometimes present a rapper’s lyrics as a form of confessionary evidence in the courtroom (e.g., State of New Jersey v. Vonte Skinner, 2012). The practice of using art as criminal evidence appears to be unique to the musical genre …


Reviewers And Referees Apr 2026

Reviewers And Referees

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


George C. Roberts Award Recipients Apr 2026

George C. Roberts Award Recipients

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Why Publish With Mssj? Apr 2026

Why Publish With Mssj?

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Submission Guidelines Apr 2026

Submission Guidelines

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Implications Of Leisure Activities On Veterinarian Mental Health Outcomes, Kevin Garuccio Apr 2026

Implications Of Leisure Activities On Veterinarian Mental Health Outcomes, Kevin Garuccio

Undergraduate Theses

While there are many professions that are stressful enough to be linked with negative mental health outcomes, few measure up to the mental dangers of veterinary medicine, with suicide rates twice that of the dental and medical professions and four times that of the general population (Stoewen, 2015). The current study aimed to focus on veterinarians and their mental health. While there have been a few studies done about the veterinary workplace, none thus far have investigated how veterinarians are spending their leisure time outside of work and how it could be impacting their mental health. The current study was …


Gender And Emotional Expression In The Courtroom: Mock Juror Perceptions Of Attorney Effectiveness, Emma Cantrell Apr 2026

Gender And Emotional Expression In The Courtroom: Mock Juror Perceptions Of Attorney Effectiveness, Emma Cantrell

Undergraduate Theses

This quantitative study examines how gender and emotional expression influence mock jurors' perceptions of an attorney's courtroom effectiveness. Using mock jurors, this study extends previous research suggesting that assertiveness and emotional displays are evaluated differently by gender. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of four closing statements in a mock burglary trial. The videos were of either a male or a female attorney delivering a passive or an aggressive argument. Participants then evaluated the attorney’s effectiveness across four categories: competence, persuasiveness, ability to instill confidence, and emotionality. Male participants generally rated female attorneys as less effective than female participants …


Thumbs Up, Craig Mattson Apr 2026

Thumbs Up, Craig Mattson

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The nerviest part of my postcollege radio job was hitting the big yellow on-air button to start the broadcast for each day’s morning show. The feeling of pressing two fingers down on that button—ker-chunk!—came to mind after reading Martin Reeves and Bob Goodson’s Like, which is about the history, neuropsychology, and economics of the upraised thumb icon. Whereas punching the on-air button used to make my morning broadcast possible, clicking the like button has turned everybody into a sort of broadcaster. But have all those clicks changed the world, as Reeves and Goodson argue? Your answer depends, I think, …


Sexual Scripts In Conflict: Does Religiosity Moderate The Relationship Between Pornography Use And Permissive Sexuality?, Alex D. Castaneda Apr 2026

Sexual Scripts In Conflict: Does Religiosity Moderate The Relationship Between Pornography Use And Permissive Sexuality?, Alex D. Castaneda

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The sexual script acquisition, activation, and application model (3AM) posits that viewing pornography leads to the internalization of the scripts implicitly and explicitly depicted. Recent research indicates that pornography viewing is associated with more permissive sexuality. Religious individuals, especially conservative Christians, report greater distress from their pornography use, and research has investigated the role of religiosity in pornography-related outcomes. Religiosity has been shown to protect against pornography exposure and buffer against the internalization of the pornographic script. Sexual script theory posits that individuals with existing scripts that are more deeply held will be less susceptible to new, contradictory scripts. This …


A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Of African American Millennial Couples' Perceptions Of Dual Trauma And The Impact On Marital Satisfaction, Christopher Ray Merrell Apr 2026

A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Of African American Millennial Couples' Perceptions Of Dual Trauma And The Impact On Marital Satisfaction, Christopher Ray Merrell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe African American millennial married couples’ experiences with unresolved trauma in the North Texas Region, Texas. The theory guiding this study is John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. Multiple traumatic experiences and relationship fractures that inhibit marital satisfaction among African American millennials are also examined. Trauma, viewed from a generalized perspective and conceptual form, is defined as an uncontrollable and sudden event with highly adverse outcomes that may persist. Among African Americans, trauma from interpersonal distress, historical events, racial barriers, and socioeconomic stressors often hinders the pursuit of healthy marriages. This study examines millennial …


An Examination Of Cumulative Exposure To Potentially Traumatic Events And Identity Distress In Emerging Adults: The Influence Of Life Stressors, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, And Event Centrality, Kane Richard Vest Apr 2026

An Examination Of Cumulative Exposure To Potentially Traumatic Events And Identity Distress In Emerging Adults: The Influence Of Life Stressors, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, And Event Centrality, Kane Richard Vest

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Plentiful research has been conducted to examine the negative outcomes of exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs). Together, findings have indicated that certain exposures increase the risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and adjustment problems in children, teens, and young adults. However, few studies have specifically focused on the influence of such experiences on the development of identity distress in emerging adults, and even fewer have examined such influence in the context of exposure to multiple potentially traumatic events. Exposure to natural hazards such as the COVID-19 pandemic and hurricanes is known to impact economic, social, and educational outcomes, but …


The Moderating Role Of Peer And Leader Support Of Breastfeeding On Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention Of Nursing Mothers In The Workplace, Dajah J. Thrash Apr 2026

The Moderating Role Of Peer And Leader Support Of Breastfeeding On Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention Of Nursing Mothers In The Workplace, Dajah J. Thrash

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Nursing mothers who return to work after maternity leave face significant challenges in balancing breastfeeding with workplace demands, particularly when returning before the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommended 6-month timeline. Previous research has identified peer and leader support of breastfeeding as key factors in supporting work–family balance, influencing job satisfaction, and promoting positive work behaviors, including motivation and productivity. However, little research has explored how peer and leader support of breastfeeding influence the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among nursing mothers. To extend previous research, data were collected from 88 nursing mothers recruited through Private Facebook groups, using …


The Role Of Psychological Need Satisfaction In Prosocial Rule-Breaking: Examining Leadership Moderators In The Financial Services Industry, Lucas Augustine Apr 2026

The Role Of Psychological Need Satisfaction In Prosocial Rule-Breaking: Examining Leadership Moderators In The Financial Services Industry, Lucas Augustine

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative study examines the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs- autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and prosocial rule-breaking among employees in the financial-services industry, as well as the moderating effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles. Guided by self-determination theory and full range leadership theory, the study explores how intrinsic motivation and leadership context jointly influence ethical decision-making within highly regulated environments. Data were collected from 102 financial-services professionals through an online survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicate that autonomy was a strong positive predictor of PSRB, relatedness demonstrated a negative relationship, and competence’s …


A Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Christians Who Have Experienced Divine Healing And The Role Of Relational Spirituality, Dora Hicks Apr 2026

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Christians Who Have Experienced Divine Healing And The Role Of Relational Spirituality, Dora Hicks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Divine healing has been described as miraculous and supernatural, attributed to a divine entity, and other methods. Pathways have varied from fasting, praying, worshiping, the Holy Spirit, Scripture, faith, hope, trusting, surrendering, and having a relationship with God. Perceptions and understandings of God, as influenced by religious and spiritual beliefs, are referred to as relational spirituality grounded in attachment theory, which may lead to viewing God as an attachment figure, influencing perceptions of self and others. This qualitative transcendental phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of Christians who have experienced divine healing and the role of relational spirituality. Delimitations are …


Parental Incarceration: The Lived Experiences Of Those Left Behind, Shatoya L. Young Apr 2026

Parental Incarceration: The Lived Experiences Of Those Left Behind, Shatoya L. Young

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Incarceration in the United States is being touted as an obscure public health crisis. Approximately 47% of male incarcerated individuals and 58% of female incarcerated individuals are parents to minors. The number of children who have experienced parental incarceration at any point in their lives is believed to be more than 5 million. Incarceration negatively impacts the lives of children, especially when children lack an understanding of their parents' incarceration. There are risk factors that increase the possibility of adverse outcomes for children of incarcerated parents, and protective factors that mitigate the risk of poor outcomes. Many of the stories …


Schema Therapy For The Treatment Of Chronic Depression: A Critical Review Of Evidence-Based Treatment Methods, Trevor Ink Apr 2026

Schema Therapy For The Treatment Of Chronic Depression: A Critical Review Of Evidence-Based Treatment Methods, Trevor Ink

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This review explores current evidence-based interventions for the treatment of depression. Many of the current interventions display moderate to high levels of efficacy in decreasing depression severity and are praised for their effectiveness. However, many current front-line interventions fail to address the root cause of depressive symptomology. Schema therapy is an integrative treatment that targets core emotional needs that failed to be met during crucial developmental stages. Originally developed for personality disorders, schema therapy is effective for a myriad of disorders, including chronic depression. By targeting early maladaptive schemas (EMS), schema therapy can be effective for treating chronic depression when …


A Quantitative Analysis Of Ptsd Symptom Severity, Alcohol Use, And Resilience In American Military Veterans Using Standardised Assessment Instruments, Oladimeji Owolabi Apr 2026

A Quantitative Analysis Of Ptsd Symptom Severity, Alcohol Use, And Resilience In American Military Veterans Using Standardised Assessment Instruments, Oladimeji Owolabi

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) continues to be a significant mental health concern among U.S. military veterans. This quantitative study examines the interrelationships among PTSD symptom severity, alcohol use, and psychological resilience using three standardised instruments: the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). A cross-sectional correlational design was implemented with a convenience sample of 150 American military veterans, recruited through online platforms and veteran-focused organisations from all branches. Participants completed an anonymous online survey that assessed trauma-related symptoms, alcohol consumption behaviours, and resilience levels. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, …


A Qualitative Study – The Effect Of Technology Through Social Media On Christian Young Adult’S Self-Image And Moral Development, Claudia Sosa Apr 2026

A Qualitative Study – The Effect Of Technology Through Social Media On Christian Young Adult’S Self-Image And Moral Development, Claudia Sosa

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

With technology usage growing among adolescents and much research conducted around the impact social media has on their development and mental wellbeing, there is little research that has been conducted to explore the lived experiences of social media on Christian young adult’s self-image and moral development and what role their faith plays in it. Through a qualitative study via a phenomenological approach and using semi structured interviews, this study sought to understand how Christian young adults ages 18-25 years old experience and describe a shared phenomenon and how they create common meaning on how they believe social media has impacted …


Communication Modality And Communication Satisfaction In Relationships, Regina Richardson Apr 2026

Communication Modality And Communication Satisfaction In Relationships, Regina Richardson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Communication modality choices available for individuals to use in their relationships are varied today. This qualitative phenomenological study examined communication modalities in two relationship dyads, seven married heterosexual couples and seven same sex platonic close friends, through individual and couple interviews. Findings showed that face-to-face communication was preferred for its emotional richness and ability to convey nonverbal cues like body language and tone. Participants felt these reduced misunderstandings and enhanced feelings of being heard, seen, and understood. Participants also stated presence and undivided attention were more important to communication satisfaction than any specific modality alone. Findings also show that communication …


Intergenerational Apologetics: A Strategy For Careful Confidence, Thomas C. Farley Apr 2026

Intergenerational Apologetics: A Strategy For Careful Confidence, Thomas C. Farley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

There is a subtle confusion between the objectives of evangelism and apologetics, leaving Open Door Baptist Church (ODBC) seniors unknowingly ill-equipped and intimidated to defend their Christian values. The purpose of this Doctor of Ministry research was to address that intimidation by training seniors in a dedicated faith-values curriculum to become confident apologetic communicators. The intervention leveraged the process of intergenerational values-sharing while training stakeholders to develop their own faith narratives by seamlessly integrating biblical values with relevant apologetic particulars into personal stories to be shared with their grandchildren. In this environment, participants could develop a personal faith narrative that …


Interaction Effects Between Mentorship And Leadership Style On Employee Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, And Intent To Stay, Thomas M. Tostado Apr 2026

Interaction Effects Between Mentorship And Leadership Style On Employee Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, And Intent To Stay, Thomas M. Tostado

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Companies are realizing the powerful impacts of mentorship on employee well-being, intent to stay, and job satisfaction. Mentorship typically involves pairing a more experienced employee, commonly called the “mentor,” with a newly hired or junior employee, known as the “mentee.” Mentorship allows employees to professionally develop and grow within the organization while creating a network of trusted advisors. A key component of successful formal mentorship includes leadership style. The current gap in the literature does not fully explore the mentor’s leadership style on employee well-being, job satisfaction, and intent to stay, or the interaction effects between the mentor’s leadership style …


Likes, Comments, And Connections: Exploring The Perceived Impact Of Social Media Use On Relationship Satisfaction Among Men, Beth M. Pyritz Apr 2026

Likes, Comments, And Connections: Exploring The Perceived Impact Of Social Media Use On Relationship Satisfaction Among Men, Beth M. Pyritz

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The rapid growth of social media has transformed how individuals communicate and maintain romantic relationships, introducing both opportunities for connection and potential relational challenges. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore how men in heterosexual romantic relationships perceive the influence of social media use on their relationship satisfaction, including aspects of intimacy, trust, communication, and the balance between face-to-face and digital interactions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video conferencing with 13 men aged 18–35 who had been in a heterosexual romantic relationship for at least one year and were active social media users. Data were analyzed using …


A Phenomenological Study Of The Utilization Of Coping Strategies Among Pastors: Religious Strategies Vs. Secular/Traditional Strategies, Arbedella Denise Moore Apr 2026

A Phenomenological Study Of The Utilization Of Coping Strategies Among Pastors: Religious Strategies Vs. Secular/Traditional Strategies, Arbedella Denise Moore

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand how Christian pastors serving congregations throughout the United States utilize religious and secular coping strategies to address occupational stress and achieve work-life balance. The theory guiding this study was Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional model of stress and coping, as it provided a framework for understanding how pastors cognitively and emotionally respond to ministry-related challenges, and how their coping choices, whether spiritual or secular, reflect an ongoing process of adaptation, meaning-making, and resilience within complex realities of pastoral life. The study was guided by three research questions that explored how pastors …


The Correlation Between Leadership Performance And Personality In Virtual Technology Workers, Henry C. Mullins Apr 2026

The Correlation Between Leadership Performance And Personality In Virtual Technology Workers, Henry C. Mullins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between leadership performance and personality traits among leaders in the technology sector, who work across the spectrum of virtuality. Personality traits were measured using the Big Five model: extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism, using the IPIP-NEO-60 instrument. Leadership performance was measured using the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) and interpreted through both the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Transformational Leadership theories. Holistically this is viewed through a Transformational Christian worldview. This study also examined the role of virtuality, defined as the extent to which an individual works from an office or remotely. Participants were …


From Renaissance To 20th Century: The Influence Of Musical Training On Historical Music Preferences*, Susanna Ziesmer Apr 2026

From Renaissance To 20th Century: The Influence Of Musical Training On Historical Music Preferences*, Susanna Ziesmer

Campus Research Month

Music taste is highly complex, influenced by factors of age, personality, familiarity, and musical training. While any studies have researched trends of preference for popular music genres and general classical music, few have broken the classical genre into its stylistically unique historical periods. This study examines the differences in preference for six historical music eras—Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Impressionist, and 20th century—between classically trained and non-trained individuals. Musicians were expected to show a higher overall preference for classical music and a narrower preference range between eras than that of non-musicians. It was also hypothesized that Romantic music would receive the …


Which Is The Most Effective Study Break: Movement, Media, Or Rest?*, Emily R. Grant, Kalla Carballo, Aislin Robinson Apr 2026

Which Is The Most Effective Study Break: Movement, Media, Or Rest?*, Emily R. Grant, Kalla Carballo, Aislin Robinson

Campus Research Month

College students frequently incorporate breaks of various types into their study sessions; however, limited research has examined how different types of breaks affect memory retention. The proposed study will examine how exercising, spending time on social media, or participating in quiet rest affect delayed recall among undergraduate college students. The study predicts that students who participate in an exercise break will show improved memory retention, while students who are exposed to social media will experience reduced memory retention. The study also hypothesizes that students who are assigned to the quiet rest condition will demonstrate no significant change in retention. Undergraduate …


Chatgpt Or Human: Perceptions, Beliefs, And Use Of Ai Among Faculty And Students*, Elaina N. Redden, Julia Lang, Laurel Massey, Sidney Rankin Apr 2026

Chatgpt Or Human: Perceptions, Beliefs, And Use Of Ai Among Faculty And Students*, Elaina N. Redden, Julia Lang, Laurel Massey, Sidney Rankin

Campus Research Month

The use of artificial intelligence is becoming an inevitable and prevalent part of academia. Our study aimed to examine the use of AI among college students and professors and to illuminate general beliefs and perspectives on AI. We predicted that older generations would exhibit a more conservative view and use of AI, whereas younger students may be more liberal and open to its usage. We conducted a voluntary survey using students and faculty from Southern Adventist University, where they answered questions about their own AI usage, comfort levels, and beliefs. Results indicate that students tend to report higher AI usage …


Beyond The Echo Chamber: Mitigating Confirmation Bias In Christian Communities*, Alina Lytvynyuk, Jasmine Zavala, Erin Rouse, Sadie Elias Apr 2026

Beyond The Echo Chamber: Mitigating Confirmation Bias In Christian Communities*, Alina Lytvynyuk, Jasmine Zavala, Erin Rouse, Sadie Elias

Campus Research Month

Individuals have shown marked levels of confirmation bias, particularly in religious beliefs. This study investigated whether generating oppositional arguments to a pre-established belief about women’s ordination reduces the tendency to produce biased credibility and strength ratings of AI-generated essays for or against the practice. Additionally, it explored how attribution of the essays to a religious authority figure would impact the level of bias. It was hypothesized that participants in the counterargument condition would display reduced confirmation bias, and the authority condition would either exacerbate or reduce a person’s preexisting level of bias.


Long-Term Impact Of Covid-19 On Burnout, Turnover, And Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Nurses, Delaney Corona Martinez Apr 2026

Long-Term Impact Of Covid-19 On Burnout, Turnover, And Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Nurses, Delaney Corona Martinez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hospital industry workforce separation has remained a persistent concern in the United States, with uncertainty regarding how national hospital industry separation patterns changed following the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this quantitative, nonexperimental retrospective study was to examine whether national hospital industry monthly separation rates differed between the prepandemic period (2018–2019) and the postpandemic period (2023–2024), whether separation rates demonstrated a statistically significant linear trend from 2018 through 2024, and whether separation rate variance differed between periods. The conceptual framework for this study was grounded in Maslach’s Burnout Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction, which explain how workplace …