Psychology Commons^™

The Effectiveness And Ethics Of Immediate And Top Leaders: Relationships To Organizational Climate, Organizational Commitment, And Size Of Organization, Johnny Joseph Parker

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationships that exist between effective leaders in an organization and ethical leaders, the climate of the organization, and the level of commitment to the organization.

The Relationship Between Self-Monitoring, Self-Promotion, And Agentic Traits In Leadership, Sabrina Regina Wilhelm

Theses Digitization Project

Three underlying behavioral traits of self-preservation, which may be related to leadership are self-monitoring, self-promotion, and agentic traits. These are important to leadership because managers desire to select employees that have the image and the presentation that high self-monitors and self-promoters emulate. This study revealed that self-promotion is associated with leader behaviors that are likely to assist female employees obtain leadership positions in the workplace.

Biculturalism, Self-Construal, And Self-Stereotyping, Kelly Anne Hirsch

Theses Digitization Project

The research sought to examine the process by which bicultural individuals self stereotype. The goals of the research are to test if bicultural individuals, through the process of frame-switching, shift their self-construals how one sees oneself in relation to others and to determine whether this shifting of self-construals is the mechanism through which bicultural individuals negatively self-stereotype.

Consequences Of Early Methylphenidate Exposure On Opioid System Functioning In Adult Rats, Matthew Scott Herbert

Theses Digitization Project

Methylphenidate is the preferred treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool-aged children, even though few human studies have assessed the long-term consequences of early methyphenidate use. In rats, exposure to methylphenidate during a developmental period that approximates early childhood increases morphine-induced antinociception in adulthood. However, because morphine activates three distinct opioid receptors it is unknown which receptor is resonsible for this methylphenidate effect. The purpose of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of early methylphenidate exposure on DAMGO- and U50, 488-induced antinociception, a mu-opioid and kappa-opioid selective agonist.

The Relationship Between The Wisc-Iv Gai And The Kabc-Ii, Nancy R. Oliver

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This present study compared the WISC-IV GAI and the global scores of KABC-II. The tests were administered to referred students in rural schools in Ohio and West Virginia. The study included 30 Caucasian students between the ages of 6 years, 7 months to 16 years, 11 months; 19 females and 11 males with an average age of 9 years, 10 months. Results found a strong correlation between the GAI and the FCI; and the GAI and the MPI. The results of the t-test of significance suggested that these tests given to the same student would yield similar results.

Normative Scores For A Brief Neuropsychological Battery For The Detection Of Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (Hand) Among South Africans, Robert H. Paul, Dinesh Singh, John A. Joska, Karl Goodkin

Psychology Faculty Works

There is an urgent need to more accurately diagnose HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in Africa. Rapid screening tests for HIV-associated dementia are of limited utility due to variable sensitivity and specificity. The use of selected neuropsychological tests is more appropriate, but norms for HIV seronegative people are not readily available for sub-Saharan African populations. We sought to derive normative scores for two commonly used neuropsychological tests that generate four test scores -- namely the Trail-Making Test (Parts A and B) and the Digit Span Test [Forward (DSF) and Backward (DSB)]. To assess memory and recall, we used the memory item …

Social Information Processing: The Effect Of Affective Ties On Children's Social Goals, Amanda C. Drake

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Previous studies have shown that children’s goals are influenced by emotion and that emotions can be manipulated using relationships. The present study combines these previous findings by examining the effect of children’s relationships on social goals. Social goals were examined in second and fifth grade children using hypothetical ambiguous provocation situations in which the relationship between the participant and the provocateur was manipulated by inserting the name of a friend, enemy, or a neutral peer into the story. After each situation, children rated the importance of four different social goals, indicating which of the four would be the most important …

Do You See What I See?, Rachel Mullins

Undergraduate Review

Mild Mental Retardation (MMR) is a general term that refers to impairments in intellectual ability and adaptive skills, which include activities of daily living (ADLs), communication skills and social skills. MMR can be caused by genetic abnormalities (e.g., Down Syndrome [DS]), environmental factors such as head trauma or lack of oxygen at birth, and in some cases for undocumented reasons. These latter individuals are often referred to as having mental retardation of unknown etiology. Although most people associate mental retardation with cognitive impairments, previous research suggests that these individuals have visual perception impairments as well.

Prologue, Michiko Nohara-Leclair

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Prologue.

Jealousy Differences Among Men And Women, Kim Howard

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Jealousy is often a problem in romantic relationships. When severe enough, it can lead to arguments, abuse, and physical fights between couples. The hypothesis for the present study was there will be measurable differences between men and women in how they respond to hypothetical situations designed to induce jealousy. The Lindenwood Participant Pool was used to recruit 46 undergraduate students for the study. Participants completed the Hypothetical Reactions Survey based off of the Are You the Jealousy Type tests provided on the Psychology Today website, in order to find possible sex differences in jealousy scores. An independent t-test revealed significant …

Overview Of The Nature And Extent Of Child Sexual Abuse In Europe, Kevin Lalor, Rosaleen Mcelvaney

Books/Book chapters

No abstract provided.

Listen Carefully: The Risk Of Error In Spoken Medication Orders, Conor T. Mclennan

Psychology Faculty Publications

Clinicians and patients often confuse drug names that sound alike. We conducted auditory perception experiments in the United States to assess the impact of similarity, familiarity, background noise and other factors on clinicians' (physicians, family pharmacists, nurses) and laypersons' ability to identify spoken drug names. We found that accuracy increased significantly as the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio increased, as subjective familiarity with the name increased and as the national prescribing frequency of the name increased. For clinicians only, similarity to other drug names reduced identification accuracy, especially when the neighboring names were frequently prescribed. When one name was substituted for another, …

Identification Of Effective Strategies To Promote Language In Deaf Children With Cochlear Implants, Ivette Cruz

Theses and Dissertations

A great deal of evidence suggests that parental communication and involvement are essential for the development of language in young children. However, hearing parents of deaf children face unique challenges in providing appropriate stimulation and language input to their deaf children. To date, few studies have determined which types of input are best. This study utilized data collected from the largest, youngest, nationally representative sample of deaf children receiving cochlear implants. The purpose of this study was to identify the facilitative language techniques that are most effective in facilitating receptive and expressive language development in young deaf children. Ninety-three deaf …

Assessing Burnout In Mental Health Providers Of Chronic Clients: An Exploration Of Predictors, Jessica Karle

Theses and Dissertations

Working in health care professions involves many emotional and interpersonal job stressors. Difficulties in handing such stressors commonly lead to a distinctive combination of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (RPA), a syndrome known as burnout. Although most helping professionals contend with similar demands, mental health workers are faced with many unique pressures. The problem addressed by the proposed research was burnout of mental health providers. More specifically, the current study sought to identify organizational and individual factors that may lead to less--or more--burnout in providers who report having a majority of clients with long-term mental illness …

Risk Factors For Poor Attendance In A Family-Based Pediatric Obesity Intervention Program For Young Children, Natalie A. Williams, Mace Coday, Grant Somes, Frances A. Tylavsky, Phyllis A. Richey, Marion E. Hare

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Objective—This study examined the role of demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and family functioning on attendance in a randomized controlled trial of a family-based pediatric obesity program.

Method—Participants included 155 children between the ages of 4 and 7 years (M age = 5.77, 57.4% female, 73.6% African-American, M BMI = 25.5) and their primary caregivers who were randomized to the treatment group. Three groups of participants were created based on their patterns of attendance during the program: 1) noncompleters, 2) partial completers, and 3) completers.

Results—Results indicated no differences among the attendance groups in child gender, child BMI, …

The Impact Of Self-Efficacy, Commitment, And Coping On Occupational Strain In Non-Managerial, Non-Professional Employees, Susan Leslie Bennett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current study explored the effects of moderators, self-efficacy and commitment, and mediators, problem-focused coping (strategies used when changeable conditions exist, thereby resulting in the employee taking action [Folkman & Lazarus, 1980]) and emotion-focused coping (perception that conditions are not changeable and emotions are regulated in a variety of ways versus taking action [Folkman & Lazarus, 1980]), on predicting psychological and physical occupational strain in non-managerial, non-professional employees. Ninety-three shift workers in a 24/7 call center from one division of a transportation company located in the western United States participated in the study. The first research objective was to examine …

The Role Of Body Image And Social Anxiety In Problematic Drinking Behavior, Kira Archibald

Undergraduate Review

The prevalence of problematic drinking behavior in college age students is an alarming 83% (NIAAA, 2008). Unfortunately problem alcohol use is not the only problem college students face today. College students, especially females, also have a high rate of body image problems and high rates of social anxiety. With all of these problems so prevalent in this population, it is necessary to examine how these variables interact with each other to affect an individual’s life. Many studies have paired these variables together to examine their connections and have found strong connections; however, no studies have examined the relationships among all …

Risk Assessment Of Ethnically Diverse Sex Offenders, Alejandro Leguizamo, Brooke Peltzman, Nicolas Carrasco, April Kraft

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Has Behavioral Science Tumbled Through The Biological Looking Glass? Will Brief, Evidence-Based Training Return It From The Rabbit Hole?, Donna M. Midkiff, W. Joseph Wyatt

Psychology Faculty Research

Time constraints and professional demands leave practicing professionals unlikely to enroll in extended training such as a semester-long graduate course. Thus, the three-hour continuing education format has become a standard for those in practice. One may ask what sorts of training strategies optimize that format. To explore that, a three hour training program for seventy-six practicing mental health professionals, most of whom self-identified as psychologists, was devised. It made use of primarily antecedent techniques that have been shown to bring about changed perceptions on a number of topics. Content focused on two areas of importance to behavior analysts, the culture’s …

Finding The Will And The Ways: How Using Character Strengths Can Make Adolescents More Hopeful, Veronica Fruiht

Psychology | Faculty Dissertations and Theses

Previous studies demonstrated that using signature strengths in new ways can increase life-satisfaction in adults (Rust, Diessner, & Reade, 2009; Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005). The present study aimed to replicate this finding with adolescents and consider hope as the mechanism for this change. Additionally, a third condition was added alongside the original intervention and control conditions, in which students participated in weekly discussion groups about the intervention. A data analysis error resulted in participants practicing the character strengths on which they scored lowest, rather than their signature strengths. There were no significant changes in life-satisfaction, however participants in …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Gender Ratio And Stereotype Threat In An Academic Setting, Theodore T. Bartholomew

Modern Psychological Studies

The study focused on the impact of stereotype threat effectiveness and gender differences in political knowledge. Sex ratio was manipulated to create conditions in which women significantly outnumbered men, similar to the overall gender ratio of women to men at Creighton University. Seventy-seven participants, 52 female and 25 male, were randomly assigned into two conditions, both of which prompted stereotype threat but differed in the gender ratio. One condition was 75% women to 25% men and the other was an equal gender ratio. The participants were given a ten question quiz of political knowledge followed by a short series of …

Non-Erotic Cognitive Distractions During Sexual Activity In Heterosexual And Gay College Students, Katharine Lacefield

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study examined 100 gay and lesbian (LG) college students and 100 heterosexual students to determine whether group differences existed in frequency of and anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity. Non-erotic cognitive distractions is a descriptive term to include both self-evaluative behaviors related to physical performance and body image concerns, as well as additional cognitive distractions (e.g., contracting an STI or emotional concerns) during sexual activity. Participants, matched on gender (96 males and 104 females), age, and ethnicity, completed questionnaires assessing frequency and associated anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity, as well as …

Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie S. Ranger, Melvyn A. Goodale

Psychology Presentations

In the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), a small object will feel heavier than an larger object of equal weight (Charpentier, 1891). Individuals continue to perceive this illusory difference in weight long after their gripping and lifting forces have scaled to the actual, identical, mass of the illusion-inducing stimuli (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

The independence of our weight perception and fingertip force application has only been quantified in the right hand of right-handers. The immunity to this perceptual illusion may be affected by manual asymmetries (e.g., Gonzalez, Ganel & Goodale, 2006).

We examined perception of heaviness and fingertip force scaling in …

Beyond Scientific Materialism: Toward A Transcendent Theory Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs

Psychology

Analysis of the social-cognitive substrate of scientific activity reveals that much of science functions in an inauthentic mode whereby a materialist world view constrains the authentic practice of science. But materialism cannot explain matter, as evidenced by empirical data concerning the nature of physical manifestation. Nor, then, should materialism be the basis for our interpretation of consciousness. It is time to move beyond scientific materialism and develop transcendent theories of consciousness. Such theories should minimally meet the following criteria: they should be based on all of the usual empirical data concerning consciousness, including altered states of consciousness; they should take …

Validation Of The Patient Activation Measure In A Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Sample And Implications For Care, Lara Stepleman, Marie-Christine Rutter Goodworth, Judith Hibbard, Lisa Johns, Dustin Wright, Mary D. Hughes

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Purpose. Patient engagement in multiple sclerosis (MS) care can be challenging at times given the unpredictable disease course, wide range of symptoms, variable therapeutic response to treatment and high rates of patient depression. Patient activation, a model for conceptualising patients’ involvement in their health care, has been found useful for discerning patient differences in chronic illness management. The purpose of this study was to validate the patient activation measure (PAM-13) in an MS clinic sample.

Methods. This was a survey study of 199 MS clinic patients. Participants completed the PAM-13 along with measures of MS medication adherence, self-efficacy, depression and …

Delgadina: From Romance To Corrido On The Us-Mexico Border, Sara Soledad Garcia

Teacher Education

This study examines in its context one variant of the Spanish romance of Delgadina transmuted into a Mexican corrido. Acknowledging the studies by Beatriz Mariscal and the feminist interpretations of Maria Henera-Sobek, this study is a departure from past critical work in that it attempts to examine the cognitive effect on both singers and listeners of the modern corrido form and the continuity of the tale and the theme of incest. Memory systems generated through popular song are examined as they relate to Delgadina's purpose as a tale, in terms of its social and moral message and impact. Interviews were …

African American Relationship Schema Scale: Development And Validation, Syreeta Scott

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

In an effort to explain the markedly high HIV infection rate for African American women, several theories have been posited. One theory suggests that expectations about relationships (i.e., relationship schemas and scripts) may be useful in explaining this phenomenon. Qualitative research has identified several relevant relationship scripts for this population that seem to be associated with safer sex behaviors; however, limited quantitative research has been conducted to confirm and validate these findings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound self-report measure of relationship schemas in African American women (N=441). After initial item generation, pilot testing …

A Gestalt Oriented Phenomenological And Participatory Study Of The Transformative Process Of Adolescent Participants Following Wilderness Centered Rites Of Rassage, Adam Harold Roth

ETD Archive

This dissertation, addresses intervention and phenomenological and participatory research methodology, through a lens of Gestalt Therapy Theory. The intervention, a wilderness-centered rites of passage, included experiential components of: (1) emersion in nature, (2) nature-based activities and challenges, (3) alone time in wilderness, (4) exposure to nature-based archetypes, elementals, and folklore, and (5) participation in community that supports connection through in ritual, ceremony, dialogue, and reflection. The participants included three early adolescent males and one adult male, a parent-participant. Data collection methods included participant observation, journal entries, photo documentation, photo elicited interviews, processing groups, and field notes. A multiple case narrative …

Regulatory Fit And Consumer Brand Preferences, Johnny A. Sams

ETD Archive

Research has demonstrated that consumer perceptions of products are affected by the "fit" between their regulatory focus or goal orientation and their conception of what products can offer in terms of satisfying the goals activated by that orientation. This research has focused on product features and the way product messages are framed for consumers. However, research has not focused on fit in terms of brand names and the types of regulatory orientations (promotion vs. prevention) that can be associated with them. This issue has potential implications for consumers and how products can be more effectively marketed to them. Given that …