Psychology Commons^™

Even Fighters Get The Blues, Randy Borum

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Keeping Your Head In The Game, Randy Borum

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Psychology Of Fighting, Randy Borum

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Play, Laughter And Humor In Captive Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Jason M. Wallin

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Play is ubiquitous in mammals, and argued to occur across many taxa includ­ing birds, non-avian reptiles, and invertebrates. Laughter is common in human inter­actions, and growing evidence from chimpanzees, rats, and dogs may mean it is also common among mammals (at least). Humor in non-humans is less well studied, though theoretical work and anecdotes exist. This study examined play, laughter, and humor using a longitudinal dataset of narrative shift reports collected over more than 1,300 days in a unique family of non-human animals, chimpanzees who use Ameri­can Sign Language to communicate. Play was more common when young males were present …

Legal Authority And Limitations, Phillip M. Lyons, Karen C. Kalmbach

Psychology Faculty Publications (Archived)

The core element for emergency involuntary commitment is dangerousness to oneself or others. Statutes typically also mandate immediate or near immediate petition to the courts, and require immediate or near immediate professional psychiatric review. This chapter reviews the case law associated with civil commitment statutes, both historically and in terms of current issues.

Decision Structuring In Important Real-Life Decisions, Kathleen M. Galotti

Cognitive Science Faculty Work

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Stroop Task Performance And Delusion-Proneness In Non-Psychiatric Adults, Diana Orem

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Delusions are symptomatic of a number of psychiatric disorders; however, nonpsychiatric adults have also been shown to vary on a propensity toward delusional thought, or "delusion-proneness." The current study examined whether there is a relationship between an individual's degree of delusion proneness (on a continuum) and performance on the Stroop task, a cognitive task thought to measure conflict response monitoring. It was theorized that reduced conflict response monitoring ability may relate to (and perhaps cause) increased delusional propensity. A total of 35 nonpsychiatric college students completed a measure of delusion-proneness (Peter's et al. Delusion Inventory-21 item version; PDI-21), and a …

Wada Test Reliability (Response To Haber Et Al.), T. Loddenkemper, H. H. Morris, Tara T. Lineweaver, C. Kellinghaus

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Response piece.

Repeated Intracarotid Amobarbital Tests, T. Loddenkemper, H. H. Morris, Tara T. Lineweaver, C. Kellinghaus

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Rationale:Our goal was to determine the frequency of repeated intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) at our center and to estimate the retest reliability of the IAT for both language and memory lateralization.

Methods: A total of 1,249 consecutive IATs on 1,190 patients were retrospectively reviewed for repeat tests.

Results: In 4% of patients the IAT was repeated in order to deliver satisfactory information on either language or memory lateralization. Reasons for repetition included obtundation and inability to test for memory lateralization, inability to test for language lateralization, no hemiparesis during first test, no aphasia during first test, atypical vessel filling, …

Walking The Talk In Bullying Prevention: Teacher Implementation Variables Related To Initial Impact Of The 'Steps To Respect' Program, Miriam K. Hirschstein, Leihua Van Schoiack Edstrom, Karin S. Frey, Jennie L. Snell, Elizabeth P. Mackenzie

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

This study examined relationships between teacher implementation of a comprehensive bullying prevention program and student outcomes. Implementation in third- through sixth-grade classrooms (N = 36) was measured by observation and teacher report. Student outcomes were measured by student surveys and teacher ratings of peer social skills (N = 549) and observations of playground behaviors (n = 298). Multilevel modeling showed that teacher coaching of students involved in bullying was associated with less observed victimization and destructive bystander behavior among students engaged in these problems at pretest, and less observed aggression among fifth- and sixth-grade students. Support for skill generalization related …

Ap-Ls Teaching Techniques: Deliberating The Benefits Of Learning Through Focus Groups, Garrett Berman, Judith Platania

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

This article describes how students in an undergraduate legal psychology class utilized focus group research (i.e., a jury simulation exercise) to assist in planning strategies for trial. In addition to conducting the focus group, students were responsible for providing an analysis of the results, and preparing their team for trial. Ultimately, students reported the focus group exercise helped them develop trial strategies, understand the role of trial consultants, and gain a better understanding of scientific jury selection. Rationale, course objectives, and a description of the activity are outlined, as well as suggestions for including this exercise in an upper-level legal …

Predictors Of Middle School Girls' Engagement In Suspendable School Offenses., Barbara Harlow Cavanaugh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite research evidence that social context and personal characteristics are related to girls' violent behavior, little is known about the relative contribution of such antecedents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the relative strength of predictors of school violence among a sample of middle school girls. Of special interest were the intervening variables, because knowledge of their relative strength could enable schools to design targeted interventions to reduce school violence. Social learning theory formed the theoretical foundation for the study. A four-part survey consisting of sociodemographic items, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, an amended version of the Attitudes …

Real-World Face Recognition: The Importance Of Surface Reflectance Properties, Richard Russell, Pawan Sinha

Psychology Faculty Publications

The face recognition task we perform most often in everyday experience is the identification of people with whom we are familiar. However, because of logistical challenges, most studies focus on unfamiliar-face recognition, wherein subjects are asked to match or remember images of unfamiliar people's faces. Here we explore the importance of two facial attributes - shape and surface reflectance - in the context of a familiar-face recognition task. In our experiment, subjects were asked to recognise color images of the faces of their friends. The images were manipulated such that only reflectance or only shape information was useful for recognizing …

Beauty Is In The ‘We’ Of The Beholder: Greater Agreement On Facial Attractiveness Among Close Relations, P Matthew Bronstad, Richard Russell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Scientific research on facial attractiveness has focused primarily on elucidating universal factors to which all raters respond consistently. However, recent work has shown that there is also substantial disagreement between raters, highlighting the importance of determining how attractiveness preferences vary among different individuals. We conducted a typical attractiveness ratings study, but took the unusual step of recruiting pairs of subjects who were spouses, siblings, or close friends. The agreement between pairs of affiliated friends, siblings, and spouses was significantly greater than between pairs of strangers drawn from the same race and culture, providing evidence that facial-attractiveness preferences are socially organized.

Organizational Orientations Of K-12 School Leaders In The Columbia Union Conference Of Seventh-Day Adventists, Rose Tooley Gamblin

Dissertations

Purpose of the study

The purpose of this study was to examine the organizational orientations--structure ,human resource, political, and symbolic --of the K-12 school leaders in the Columbia Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, and the relationship, if any, to their personal variables of age, gender, experience, and their professional variables of grade levels served, educational attainment, enrollment, support, feelings of success, and job satisfaction.

Method

A self-administered Organizational Orientations survey instrument, based on the multiple orientation framework of Bolman and Deal, was used to gather information about the school leaders. The population surveyed provided 56 usable responses, which were analyzed …

Divorce Transitions: An Exploration Of The Risk And Protective Factors Associated With Children's Psychological Adjustment ; Divorce Transitions: Identifying Risk And Understanding Resilience In Children's Adjustment To Parental Separation, Esther Kint

Theses : Honours

This review provides a critical analysis of the risk and protective factors associated with children's adjustment to divorce. By drawing together some of the key findings and assumptions to emerge from the literature, it attempts to show that although divorce presents elevated stressors for children, their adjustment is influenced by multiple operating factors that combine to either protect them or make them more vulnerable to adversity. Since the majority of children are able to cope successfully with the divorce transition, a resiliency approach is adopted to establish how positive aspects of children's lives combine with stressful events or risk to …

Exploring The Relationship Between Selfobject Needs And Parental Bonding, Sherry-Lee Smith

Theses : Honours

Self psychology proposes that the individual's early experience is central to adult psychological functioning. The purpose of this paper is to outline the key concepts in self psychology, the empirical evidence supporting it and how it relates to early parenting experiences. The enduring psychological nature of early interactions with an individual's parents, are discussed in relation to adult functioning. Self psychology is based on clinical observations of clients undertaking psychoanalysis. Empirical support for the model is limited. The majority of studies consider the concept of narcissism, and other related self psychological concepts, such as selfobject needs, are inadequate Although this …

Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: The Effects Of Electronic Media And The Social Desirability Bias, Brandi A. Klein

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the effects of mental illness portrayal in film and the social desirability bias on participants' attitudes toward mental illness. Participants watched video clips of a mentally ill character acting either normally or abnormally, and were given either anonymous or confidential questionnaires. Participants who viewed abnormal behavior reported more negative attitudes toward mental illness than participants who watched normal behavior (p < .001) on the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (Hirai & Clum, 2000). No difference was found between the anonymous and confidential conditions, and these scores did not vary by the viewed behavior. These results suggest that the electronic media influenced participants' attitudes toward mental illness, but participants were not influenced by the social desirability bias.

Sandplay With Children In The School Setting, Sophie I. Banwarth

Graduate Research Papers

Sandplay therapy, developed by Margaret Lowenfeld, is a technique where children choose miniature objects to place in a sand tray to create a concrete representation of their internal struggles. The counselor's role is to create a safe and protected environment and does not impose personal suggestions or ideas. The counselor can choose to facilitate different types of sandplay with a child: directed, nondirected, static, moving, or interactive. Sandplay therapy offers techniques such as hide and seek, family sand trays, mazes, and self-figures. Sandplay therapy is effective with children in the school setting. Teachers report that students return to class more …

Collaboration Without End: The Case Of The Positive Aging Newsletter, M. M. Gergen, Kenneth J. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Psychological Roots Of The Bible’S Humor, Howard R. Macy

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

This paper reviews five psychological theories of humor and offers some biblical examples of each.

Presented at the National Society of Biblical Literature, November 2007.

A League Of Their Own:Demographics, Motivations And Patterns Of Use Of 1,955 Male Adult Non-Medicalanabolic Steroid Users In The United States, Jason Cohen, Rick Collins, Jack Darkes, Daniel Gwartney

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Rule violations among elite-level sports competitors and tragedies among adolescents have largely defined the issue of non-medical anabolic-androgenic steroid (NMAAS) use for the public and policy makers. However, the predominant and oft-ignored segment of the NMAAS community exists in the general population that is neither participating in competitive sports nor adolescent. A clearer profile of NMAAS users within the general population is an initial step in developing a full understanding of NMAAS use and devising appropriate policy and interventions. This survey sought to provide a more comprehensive profile of NMAAS users by accessing a large sample of user respondents …

Predicting The Use Of Campus Counseling Services For Asian/Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic, And White Students: Problem Severity, Gender, And Generational Status, Kieran T. Sullivan, Lucila Ramos-Sánchez, Stephanie D. Mciver

Psychology

The purpose of the current study was to identify predictors of counseling center use among Asian, Latino/a, and White college students. Findings indicated that females and second generation students report the most severe difficulties. Problem severity and gender predicted counseling center use for White and Asian students, whereas only problem severity predicted use for Latino students. Generational status was not a significant predictor of use for any group.

Anhedonia And Depression: Anticipatory, Consummatory, And Recall Deficits, Kaitlin Hanley

Honors Theses

Current conceptions of anhedonia as a key symptom of depression do not consider the importance of anticipatory, consummatory, and recall deficits involved in anhedonia. Sixty-one depressed and non-depressed, college-student participants provided reports of anticipated pleasure to tasting chocolates, tasted chocolates and rated their experience of pleasure, and provided recalled reports of pleasure to the experience one day later. Results demonstrated a deficit in the ability to anticipate experiencing pleasure for depressed participants when compared to non-depressed controls, however, their reports of consummatory pleasure and recalled pleasure did not differ significantly from non-depressed control participants. This study suggests that actual experiential …

Presenting Problems And Treatment Outcome Of College Counseling Center Clients: The Role Of Gender And Academic Major, Erik Lennart Timothy Fister

Masters Theses

The current study examined whether gender and/or academic specialization had any relationship to students presenting issues, symptom severity, and treatment outcome at a university counseling center. The participants were 484 clients and the data were collected at an East Coast university counseling center. Clients were included for the analyses if they were a new intake, clearly fit into one of six categories for academic major, and attended more than one session. Each client filled out both the Personal Information Form (PIF) and Behavioral Health Questionnaire (BHQ) at intake, and was administered the BHQ prior to each subsequent session. Based on …

School-Related Predictors Of Test Anxiety In Middle-School Students, Jayme Holt

Masters Theses

Test anxiety has been associated with many school-related factors. In the present study, the presence of an academic label was expected to be a better predictor of test anxiety than memory, study habits, or grade point average in a sample of middle-school students. A total of 48 middle-school students, 19 with academic labels, were administered the Survey of Study Habits & Attitudes (Brown & Holtzman, 1967), Test Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1980), and the Children's Memory Scale (Cohen, 1997), while teachers supplied each student's current G.P.A. The hypothesis that an academic label would be a better predictor of test anxiety was …

Science And Application: A Comparison Of Graduate Training In Counseling And Clinical Psychology, Nupur Jain

Masters Theses

Often times, when considering training and careers in psychology, students have difficulty deciding whether to pursue clinical psychology or counseling psychology as a career. The decision made might be a result of limited or biased information. Additionally, students often fail to make important distinctions between counseling psychology and the professional field of counseling, which has implications for the career path they pursue. The purpose of the current literature review is to provide readers with the range of knowledge and ideas, including contrasting perspectives and viewpoints that have been established in this area.

Students also often fail to make important distinctions …

Evaluation Of Year Round Education: Does It Increase Isat Reading Scores In Third And Eighth Grade Students?, Kristy Marlett

Masters Theses

Little is known about how a modified school calendar influences student achievement in reading. The present study investigated how students performed on the ISAT reading test after the district switched to a year-round calendar when compared to scores when the district was using a traditional school calendar. In other words, this longitudinal study attempted to answer if performance on the ISAT is related to the type of calendar, gender, grade level, and receiving special education services. Participants were 900 students in the third and eighth grades of one Illinois school district that transitioned from traditional school calendar to Year Round …

The Relation Of Teacher Burnout To Teachers' Expectation Of An Elementary Student's Outcome, Megan Brianne Mcdowell

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine what aspect(s) of teacher burnout, if any, predicted a teacher's expectation for a student's academic outcome, a teacher's expectation for a student's behavior outcome, and the teacher's ability to work with that student. Thirty-four K through 6th grade teachers, from four rural Illinois schools, completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey (MBI - ES; Maslach, Jackson, & Schwab, 1986) and the Teacher Expectation Questionnaire (TEQ; Aloia & Aloia, 1983). Results suggested that only the Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the MBI - ES predicted the three scales of the TEQ: Teacher's Expectation …

Calibration Of Reading Self-Efficacy Beliefs Of Students With Reading Disabilities, Melissa Mickelson

Masters Theses

A study was conducted to measure self-efficacy calibration, or accuracy of performance beliefs, in reading by high school students with reading disabilities. This study examined participant's reading metacognitive skills, reading self-concept, reading comprehension, and reading self-efficacy. Fifty-two participants were placed into a group of students with reading disabilities and a comparison group of normal achieving students. These students completed all measures and group results were compared to determine the degree of calibration, metacognitive abilities, and self-concept of students with reading disabilities as compared to normal achieving students. Results of the study found that students with reading disabilities did not significantly …