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2006

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Articles 541 - 570 of 793

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Explicit Timing As An Intervention For Children With Adhd, Monica Fischer Girten Jan 2006

Explicit Timing As An Intervention For Children With Adhd, Monica Fischer Girten

Masters Theses

Explicit timing is a procedure that alerts students of their time limits when completing academic tasks. Research on this procedure first emerged in the mid 1970's, and has focused on the effectiveness of this technique for increasing academic response rate. Empirical studies have demonstrated that the explicit timing procedure can increase response rate for a variety of academic skills including mathematics performance, writing composition and reading. However, few studies have focused on the effectiveness of this procedure on special populations, such as students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether explicit …


Using Social Stories To Correct Social Skills Deficits In A Student With A Learning Disability, April Larson-Evangelista Jan 2006

Using Social Stories To Correct Social Skills Deficits In A Student With A Learning Disability, April Larson-Evangelista

Masters Theses

Social stories have been deemed an effective intervention for people with autism (e.g., Richard, 2000). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of social stories with a participant not diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The participant was an 8 year-old second-grade girl of average intelligence who was diagnosed with a learning disability in mathematics. Upon consulting with her classroom teacher, two social skills were identified as the target behaviors to be addressed in the present study. The first prominent behavioral concern was violation of others' personal space or standing too close to others. The second …


Psi Hitting And Missing: The Effects Of Belief, Order Of Run, And Previous Experience, Jaymes Parker Jan 2006

Psi Hitting And Missing: The Effects Of Belief, Order Of Run, And Previous Experience, Jaymes Parker

Masters Theses

The current study examined several variables to determine their effects on telepathy performance. Part I used groups of participants who attempted to telepathically send the location oftargets to a receiver selected randomly from the group. Fifteen sessions were conducted during which 9 receivers each completed 16 trials. It was hypothesized that an order effect would be present with increased missing during the first and last run of each session. It was also hypothesized that belief in mental telepathy would influence telepathy scores. Results indicated significant differences when comparing positions 1 and 9 with positions 2-8. Scores, while not significant, tended …


The Relationship Between Maximizing, Perfectionism, And Relationship Satisfaction, Tara Lynn Riddle Jan 2006

The Relationship Between Maximizing, Perfectionism, And Relationship Satisfaction, Tara Lynn Riddle

Masters Theses

The relationship between maximization and perfectionism to relationship choices was explored. Ninety-seven undergraduate introductory psychology students were administered the Maximization Scale (Schwartz, et al., 2002), Hendrick Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1991), Revised Almost Perfect Scale (Slaney, et al., 2001) and a brief demographic questionnaire. Results indicated that there is no significant relationship between maximization and relationship satisfaction, romantic relationship durations, or initiating relationship termination. In addition, perfectionism was not found to be related to choices in dating relationships. However, analyses did replicate prior research indicating a significant positive relationship between maximization and perfectionism (Schwartz, et al., 2002).


Is Pigmentation Important For Face Recognition? Evidence From Contrast Negation, Richard Russell, Pawan Sinha, Irving Biederman, Marissa Nederhouser Jan 2006

Is Pigmentation Important For Face Recognition? Evidence From Contrast Negation, Richard Russell, Pawan Sinha, Irving Biederman, Marissa Nederhouser

Psychology Faculty Publications

It is extraordinarily difficult to recognize a face in an image with negated contrast, as in a photographic negative. The variation among faces can be partitioned into two general sources: (a) shape and (b) surface reflectance, here termed 'pigmentation'. To determine whether negation differentially affects the processing of shape or pigmentation, we made two sets of faces where the individual faces differed only in shape in one set and only in pigmentation in the other. Surprisingly, matching performance was significantly impaired by contrast negation only when the faces varied in pigmentation. This provides evidence that the perception of pigmentation, not …


Authority Presence And The Effect On Prejudice, Nicole F. Hofman Jan 2006

Authority Presence And The Effect On Prejudice, Nicole F. Hofman

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The current study analyzed the relationship between an authority figure's presence and the prevalence of prejudice when sentencing criminals. Eighteen undergraduate students (5 men and 13 women) aged 18 to 21 years, volunteered to participate in the study. Each participant completed the Implicit Association Test (lAT) and completed four fictitious criminal sentences. Significant support was not found for the current hypothesis, although more participants showed prejudice when the authority figure was absent compared to when the individual was present.Women showed prejudicial behavior more often then men when the authority figure was absent. Participants had a tendency to sentence longer for …


Memory Suggestibility In Entry-Level Rotc Students, M.A. Johanson, B.M. Mahaffy Jan 2006

Memory Suggestibility In Entry-Level Rotc Students, M.A. Johanson, B.M. Mahaffy

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of the current study was to test the theory that asking leading questions shortly after watching a video clip concerned with military safety will alter the viewer's memory of the events. This study was specifically directed toward a military population and used a military video clip. College students (10 men and 5 women) enrolled in entry-level ROTC classes volunteered to participate. Half of the students participating received questionnaires with leading questions and half did not. Contrary to the predicted hypothesis, the difference found between the numbers of correct answers on the two different questionnaires was not statistically significant.


The Psychological Assessment Of Applicants For Priesthood And Religious Life, Thomas G. Plante Jan 2006

The Psychological Assessment Of Applicants For Priesthood And Religious Life, Thomas G. Plante

Psychology

The recent clergy sexual abuse scandals in the Roman Catholic Church have focused a great deal of attention on how we evaluate applicants to the priesthood and religious life. The crisis has underscored the critical need to ensure that men who have a sexual predilection towards children be barred from entering religious life and priesthood. Additionally, men who have other significant psychiatric conditions that put them at risk of harming children or others have no place as Church leaders or clergy in positions where they have access to and power over vulnerable others.


Stereotype Susceptibility Narrows The Gender Gap In Imagined Self-Rotation Performance, Maryjane Wraga, Lauren Duncan, Emily C. Jacobs, Molly Helt, Jessica Church Jan 2006

Stereotype Susceptibility Narrows The Gender Gap In Imagined Self-Rotation Performance, Maryjane Wraga, Lauren Duncan, Emily C. Jacobs, Molly Helt, Jessica Church

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Three studies examined the impact of stereotype messages on men's and women's performance of a mental rotation task involving imagined self-rotations. Experiment 1 established baseline differences between men and women; women made 12% more errors than did men. Experiment 2 found that exposure to a positive stereotype message enhanced women's performance in comparison with that of another group of women who received neutral information. In Experiment 3, men who were exposed to the same stereotype message emphasizing a female advantage made more errors than did male controls, and the magnitude of error was similar to that for women from Experiment …


College Integrated Care: Effectiveness Of The Use Of A Modified Version Of The Patient Health Questionnaire For Patients In A University Health Clinic, Kevin Alschuler Jan 2006

College Integrated Care: Effectiveness Of The Use Of A Modified Version Of The Patient Health Questionnaire For Patients In A University Health Clinic, Kevin Alschuler

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

In primary medical care settings, problems with providing appropriate behavioral care led to development of the integrated care model providing behavioral services alongside medical services. The present study explored the potential need for this model at a Midwest university health center, by investigating how two behavioral questionnaires influenced providers’ prescription of psychotropic medications and referrals for behavioral intervention. After random assignment to condition, 109 participants in the experimental condition completed the mentalhealth- oriented Patient Health Questionnaire and the college-adjustment-oriented College Health Questionnaire, and 91 control participants received treatment as usual. Results indicated significantly higher rates of discussion of behavioral problems …


Communicating Feelings: Links Between Mothers' Representations Of Their Infants, Parenting, And Infant Emotional Development, Katherine L. Rosenblum, Carolyn Joy Dayton, Susan Mcdonough Jan 2006

Communicating Feelings: Links Between Mothers' Representations Of Their Infants, Parenting, And Infant Emotional Development, Katherine L. Rosenblum, Carolyn Joy Dayton, Susan Mcdonough

Social Work Faculty Publications

In the present chapter we explore how mothers' internal working models of their seven-month-old infants organize emotions in the parenting context, and ultimately, influence infant emotion regulation. We propose that mothers' internal working models of their infants function as emotion regulators, and influence a variety of components of the affective organization of parenting, including a) maternal emotion activation, b) qualities of maternal emotional engagement with their infants, and c) emotion regulation strategies mothers employ during emotionally challenging interactions. Results underscore the important role played by emotional processes in explaining the correspondence between maternal and infant emotion regulation strategies.


Can We Teach Emotional Intelligence?, Kelly B.T. Chang Jan 2006

Can We Teach Emotional Intelligence?, Kelly B.T. Chang

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

Although there are hundreds of programs in thousands of schools that claim to enhance some aspect of emotional intelligence (EI), research has yet to show that it can in fact be enhanced. This study used proven behavioral self-modification techniques in semester-long Psychology of Adjustment courses to help undergraduate college students improve their EI. Students used the techniques in their own self-change projects, choosing EI topics such as assertiveness, empathy, self-regard, and emotion management. The course also included instruction on EI, as well as on theory and strategies from rational emotive therapy. Students in the treatment group (n=79) and control group …


Perceived Multi-Dimensional Locus Of Control Over Young To Older Adults : A Contemporary Australian Cross-Sectional Study, Richard Syrkiewicz Jan 2006

Perceived Multi-Dimensional Locus Of Control Over Young To Older Adults : A Contemporary Australian Cross-Sectional Study, Richard Syrkiewicz

Theses : Honours

Locus of control (LOG) influences many aspects of one's behaviour and associated quality of life (Rotter, 1992). LOG is particularly important for the increasing older adult population and wider health-care system (Swett & Bishop, 2004). Researchers have criticised LOG studies for: an assumed dichotomy of LOG, a lack of recent investigation, non-validity of underlying theoretical position, pronounced inconsistency of findings, and inattention to possible age and gender effects. The current review presents a contemporary focus of LOG research literature to highlight the aforementioned concerns, and provides a systematic account of generalisability for key studies. In addition to discussing the associations …


Perceived Weight Of Color : Its Effect On Balance Evinced By Scanning Strategies, Melissa June Dolese Jan 2006

Perceived Weight Of Color : Its Effect On Balance Evinced By Scanning Strategies, Melissa June Dolese

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The present study recorded the eye movements of individuals as they scanned reproductions of the original and altered versions of abstract paintings by Piet Mondrian. These artworks were composed of different sized colored areas made up of the primary colors, red, blue, or yellow. Each original consisted of vertical and horizontal black lines extending to the edge of the pictorial field or to another black line and three solid color areas on a white background. Changing the color of the largest colored area from red to either blue or yellow created the altered versions. It was hypothesized that altering the …


Theory Of Mind And Deception Ability, Amanda Johnson Jan 2006

Theory Of Mind And Deception Ability, Amanda Johnson

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Social based strategies such as deception may require a theory of mind. Individuals with developmental disorders have deficits in deception that may be related to deficits in ToM. Individuals in the general population may have similar deficits. Participants were asked to rate the believability of videotaped actors. We found an inverse relationship between autistic and schizotypal tendencies and deception detection. Increased self-awareness scores were related to increased confidence when determining the believability of an actor. Results suggest deception detection is related to both self-awareness and Theory of mind.


The Effect Of Induced Self-Awareness On Deception Detection, Allyson Leigh Barnacz Jan 2006

The Effect Of Induced Self-Awareness On Deception Detection, Allyson Leigh Barnacz

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Previous research has indicated a relationship between mirror self-recognition and self-awareness (awareness of one's own mind). Theory of Mind (awareness of another's mind; ToM) may be related to both self-awareness and self recognition such that facilitation of self-awareness may be related to a facilitation of ToM. Buckle (1997) found that the relationship between self-recognition and self awareness could be manipulated acutely via a mirror. In her study, Buckle found that participants exposed to a mirror outperformed controls in an episodic memory task (a measure of self-awareness). In the current study, mirror exposure was manipulated to determine if self-exposure would facilitate …


Intuition Versus Analysis- Which Process Is Most Appropriate For Solving Everyday Problems With Differing Levels Of Social Content And Complexity?, Amy E. Kowalski '06 Jan 2006

Intuition Versus Analysis- Which Process Is Most Appropriate For Solving Everyday Problems With Differing Levels Of Social Content And Complexity?, Amy E. Kowalski '06

Honors Projects

The investigators wanted to test the theories laid out by Hammond (1987) and McMackin and Slovic (2001) that problem attributes affect the appropriateness of intuition for solving problems. The study investigated the appropriateness of strategy (intuition, analysis, or no strategy) for everyday problems that varied in social nature and complexity. It was hypothesized that problems high in social nature and complexity would be solved more accurately using intuition. Results were partially supported but only among novice participants. Results indicate that highly intuitive novice individuals score more accurately than those who are highly analytical when solving everyday problems. One of the …


The Development Of Perfectionism Among Adolescents: Comparing The Influence Of Friends And Parents, Heather Kwoka '06 Jan 2006

The Development Of Perfectionism Among Adolescents: Comparing The Influence Of Friends And Parents, Heather Kwoka '06

Honors Projects

This study investigated the development of perfectionism in adolescence by examining the associations between perfectionism, parenting styles, and friendship experiences. Furthermore, this study investigated the nature of perfectionism by examining whether internal psychological characteristics (i.e., loneliness, depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-esteem, and life satisfaction) were associated with the development of types of perfectionism (i.e., adaptive and maladaptive) or orientations of perfectionism (i.e., self-oriented or socially prescribed). Gender differences regarding each of these components were also explored. Questionnaires were completed by sixth, seventh, and eighth grade adolescents that measured perfectionism, internal psychological characteristics, perspective on parenting styles, and friendship quality. Three general …


The Relationship Between Gay-Related Stress And Ethnicity For Homosexual And Bisexual Males, Keyona Jarrett '06 Jan 2006

The Relationship Between Gay-Related Stress And Ethnicity For Homosexual And Bisexual Males, Keyona Jarrett '06

Honors Projects

This was a two-part study that aimed to explore the relations between ethnicity and internal and external gay-related stress for homosexual and bisexual males. In the first study, ethnic participants exhibited more internal and external gay-related stress than Caucasian participants. Ethnicity was found to be closely related to internal gay-related stress, and less related to external gay-related stress. In the second study, which' was a secondary analysis of data from the Lighthouse Institute, ethnicity and/or sexual orientation did not seem to be closely related to substance abuse or mental/emotional health issues.


Social Interactions Of Siblings Of Children With Autism: A Pilot Experiment, Sarah Janota '06 Jan 2006

Social Interactions Of Siblings Of Children With Autism: A Pilot Experiment, Sarah Janota '06

Honors Projects

Despite the overwhelming amount of typical sibling relationship research available, there are few studies regarding sibling relationships involving autism. Of those, even fewer use experimental designs. The present study explored the hypothesis that siblings of children with autism-spectrum disorders develop increased compassion for others. Compassion was operationally measured through three dependent variables: participants' willingness to help, like, and interact with others. The study used an experimental design testing the social response of siblings of children with autism to potential peers who varied with respect to three independent variables: disability status (cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, autism, or typically-developing), priming …


The Perceived Attractiveness Of Adult Facial Prototypes, Ashley Whittington '06 Jan 2006

The Perceived Attractiveness Of Adult Facial Prototypes, Ashley Whittington '06

Honors Projects

This study investigated attractiveness ratings of individual faces and facial prototypes while controlling for symmetry. Symmetry was controlled by comparing symmetric individual faces to prototypes composed of 2, 4, 8, and 16 symmetric faces, morphed together by blending facial features such as eyes, nose, eyebrows, mouth, and outer contour. Adult male and female participants (N = 139, M age = 19.12 years) viewed stimuli presented on a computer monitor and rated the attractiveness of each facial stimuli on a 10 point scale, with higher values representing increased attractiveness. Results indicated that attractiveness ratings increased as the number of faces in …


An Evaluation Of Envy Within Adolescent Friendships, Natalie A. Pawluk '06 Jan 2006

An Evaluation Of Envy Within Adolescent Friendships, Natalie A. Pawluk '06

Honors Projects

Envy may be an unexplored component of adolescent social relationships. The main goal of the study was to determine if envy is experienced to a higher degree between best friends than with non-friends. A second goal was to assess the correlations between envy and friendship characteristics. A total of 109 seventh-grade students responded to 3 questionnaires, the Friendship Grid, the Best Friend/Non-Friend Envy Survey and the Friendship Qualities Questionnaire. No significant differences were found between reported envy for friends and non-friends. Envy significantly correlated with conflict (p < .01) and exclusivity (p < .05). A major challenge for future research is to develop a more accurate measure of envy-a survey format may not be the most useful technique. The relationship between envy and conflict and exclusivity demonstrates the importance of further research of envy in order to better understand the potentially negative effects of envy on friendships.


Emotional Knowledge Development In Preschoolers Receiving Head Start Services, Meghan E. Mcgrady '06 Jan 2006

Emotional Knowledge Development In Preschoolers Receiving Head Start Services, Meghan E. Mcgrady '06

Honors Projects

This study examined the ability of 3-to 5-year-olds (N = 76; 37 males, 39 females) receiving Head Start services to freely label six emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) using photographs of facial expressions in condition 1 or stories containing an emotion-eliciting event and behavioral consequence in condition 2. The presentation of a story elicited better performance than the presentation of a facial expression for anger, fear, and disgust. After hearing the story, performance significantly improved for participants who initially incorrectly labeled photographs of facial expressions of anger, fear, disgust, and surprise, F(1, 68) = 119.10,p<.001. The addition of stories to the curriculum of current Head Start emotion knowledge programs may increase program effectiveness.


Conflict In Adolescent Friendships Across Cultures: Indonesia, South Korea And The United States, Melissa Mccandless '06 Jan 2006

Conflict In Adolescent Friendships Across Cultures: Indonesia, South Korea And The United States, Melissa Mccandless '06

Honors Projects

Traditionally, adolescence is conceptualized as a period of turmoil during which adolescents are moody, hostile and behave in maladaptive ways. In reality, this stage of development is not as terrible as the stereotypes suggest. Of particular interest during this time is an adolescent's experience of rapid physical, cognitive, and social changes which necessitate interpersonal adjustment to maintain positive relationships with others (Collins & Laursen, 1992). During this developmental period, there is a transformation in children's networks of interpersonal relationships in that there is a substantial increase in the relative importance of friends as confidants while dependence on parents falls as …


Finishing Therapy Well (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays Jan 2006

Finishing Therapy Well (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

Reviews the book, "Good Goodbyes: Knowing How to End in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis" by Jack Novick and Kerry Kelly Novick (see record 2006-05376-000). Deciding when to end clinical therapy and how to end it well can be a mystifying process. In "Good Goodbyes: Knowing How to End in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis", Jack Novick and Kerry Kelly Novick share insights from their vast combined experience to diminish the mystery of therapeutic closure. The book, which is firmly based in psychoanalytic theory, uses a question format to explore the many hows, whys, whats, and whens of termination. The authors outline treatment stages …


Dancing Around The Fire (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays Jan 2006

Dancing Around The Fire (Book Review), Kristina M. Kays

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

Reviews the book, "What Therapists Don't Talk About and Why: Understanding Taboos That Hurt Us and Our Clients" by Kenneth Pope, Janet Sonne, and Beverly Greene (see record 2006-03273-000). What truly hauntstherapists in private practice are not the basic countertransference issues discussed in most graduate training programs but the unspoken secrets of their inner world. Too often, therapists are preoccupied by sexual responses to clients, hostile thoughts, and desire for professional approval, but training and peer discussions rarely focus on these forbidden topics. "What TherapistsDon't Talk About and Why: Understanding Taboos That Hurt Us and Our Clients" is an updated …


How Children's Programs At Churches Promote Resilience And How They Can Be Enhanced, Dawn Blanton Jan 2006

How Children's Programs At Churches Promote Resilience And How They Can Be Enhanced, Dawn Blanton

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Sunday School teachers, their students, administrators and clergy in three Protestant churches were interviewed to discover the degree to which the cognitive, emotional, and material aspects which promote resilience in youths (Laursen & Birmingham, 2003) were incorporated into their programs. The results suggested that churches do possess attributes that promote healthy cognitive and emotional development in children. In addition, every church provided for the material needs of the children in their church and community. Thus, churches are important community resources for at-risk children that can help promote resiliency. Recommendations are made for improvement of the programs. More generally, a model …


Diminished Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent Rats: Implications For Vulnerability To Addiction, Laura O'Dell Jan 2006

Diminished Nicotine Withdrawal In Adolescent Rats: Implications For Vulnerability To Addiction, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.


The Impact Of In-Service Training On Burnout At The Institute Of Public Administration, Maghram M. Al-Amri Jan 2006

The Impact Of In-Service Training On Burnout At The Institute Of Public Administration, Maghram M. Al-Amri

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted to assess the effects of training on burnout and job satisfaction by conducting pre- and post-tests of participants in various training programs provided by the Institute for Public Administration (IPA). This study used a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) modified survey. The results suggested that the burnout levels among trainees after the professional in-service training program were not significantly different from the burnout level before the professional in-service training. At the organizational level, the findings supported a relationship between burnout and promotion, departmental and organizational tenure, age, and changing jobs and organizations. This study provided some valuable …


The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Health Promoting Behaviors, Illness Severity, Mental Health, And Perceived Quality Of Life In Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Anna Finn Jan 2006

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Health Promoting Behaviors, Illness Severity, Mental Health, And Perceived Quality Of Life In Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Anna Finn

Modern Psychological Studies

Multiple sclerosis is an incurable, debilitating, nervous system disease, which causes are largely unknown, and which affects hundreds of thousands of people across the United States. Early research suggests the impact that psychological factors can have on a patient's physical and mental health status. Self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to cope with a situation, has been found to offer beneficial and protective effects in patients suffering from conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, and fibromylagia. This comprehensive literature review sought to look at psychological research that has considered the relationship between self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors, symptom …