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2003

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Articles 541 - 570 of 707

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

The Effects Of Practice With Decodable Texts On The Reading Fluency Of Low-Achieving First Grade Children, Nicole Forsythe Jan 2003

The Effects Of Practice With Decodable Texts On The Reading Fluency Of Low-Achieving First Grade Children, Nicole Forsythe

Masters Theses

This study examined the effect of a reading intervention using practice with decodable text on the reading fluency skills of four struggling first grade students. Participants received guided practice reading short decodable books twice a week for seven weeks. Pre and post-test standardized word reading scores were obtained using the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE). Word reading fluency was assessed after each session by a list of words from the decodable texts. Results showed a marked improvement in each participant's fluency score, with all four participants at least doubling their baseline fluency as measured by words read accurately per …

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The Accounts That Defendants Give For Crime: Relationship Between Accounts Given And The Perceived Seriousness Of The Crime, Danielle Bree Trammell Jan 2003

The Accounts That Defendants Give For Crime: Relationship Between Accounts Given And The Perceived Seriousness Of The Crime, Danielle Bree Trammell

Masters Theses

The present study examined whether the accounts that defendants give (i.e., apology, excuse, or justification) would have an effect on the perceived seriousness of the crime and assigned penalty. The study focused specifically on burglary, a non-violent crime. It also examined how participant characteristics, such as age, gender, political ideology, and history of victimization, affected the perceived seriousness and assigned penalty. This is a growing area of interest, given the societal impact of crime. There is significant disparity in sentencing that exists for perpetrators who are convicted of similar crimes. It is important to examine the possible explanations for this …

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Impact Of Service Delivery Model, Presenting Problem, And Consultee Characteristics On Teachers’ Preference For Academic And Behavioral Remediation, Kathy Wilson Jan 2003

Impact Of Service Delivery Model, Presenting Problem, And Consultee Characteristics On Teachers’ Preference For Academic And Behavioral Remediation, Kathy Wilson

Masters Theses

This study examined teachers' preferences for academic and behavioral remediation. Specifically, the impact of service delivery model (traditional or flexible), type of presenting problem (academic or behavioral), and selected consultee characteristics (age, years of experience, grade level taught, years at current school, and level of teacher education) on teacher preferences was investigated. Individuals completed a demographic information sheet and an analog study. The survey consisted of two hypothetical scenarios of two different students found within the classroom. The first scenario described a student who only exhibited behavioral/emotional issues. The second scenario described a student who presented with only academic issues. …

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A Study Of Role And Function Differences Between School Psychologists Working Within The Flexible Service Delivery System And More Traditional Settings, Jaime L. Hahn Jan 2003

A Study Of Role And Function Differences Between School Psychologists Working Within The Flexible Service Delivery System And More Traditional Settings, Jaime L. Hahn

Masters Theses

Practicing school psychologists were surveyed including those working within the Flexible Service Delivery System (FSDS) and traditional settings. The questionnaires were completed by 91 school psychologists from throughout Illinois and Indiana. Participants completed questionnaires examining their specific role and function as a practicing school psychologist. Specific roles that each respondent was asked to rank used a Likert scale consisting of (1) Standardized Testing, (2) Curriculum Based Assessment, (3) Individual Therapy, (4) Group Therapy/Social Skills Training, (5) Consultation with Teachers, (6) Consultation with Parents, (7) Organizational Consultation, (8) Conducting Research, (9) Classroom Intervention, (10) Pre-referral Meetings, (11) Psychological Reports, and (12) …

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Factors Influencing Substance Abuse/Dependence And Treatment Outcome Of Adolescents In A Residential Substance Abuse Program: An Exploratory Study, Melissa L. Moody Jan 2003

Factors Influencing Substance Abuse/Dependence And Treatment Outcome Of Adolescents In A Residential Substance Abuse Program: An Exploratory Study, Melissa L. Moody

Masters Theses

Previous research examining the risk factors associated with alcohol and other drug use has primarily focused on the adult population. Few studies have investigated the factors which influence adolescent substance abuse and the respective effects on treatment outcome. This in spite of the considerable decline in the age-of-onset for problematic substance use that could, if gone untreated, escalate into dependence and a variety of other interpersonal problems which extend across the lifespan. Effective interventions targeting the adolescent population would therefore seem to be of utmost importance to both researchers and clinicians. It has been suggested that individualized treatment programs focusing …

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Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin Jan 2003

Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin

Theses : Honours

What can women's narratives contribute to our understanding of breast cancer and to feminist theories of the body? This thesis explores the meanings women construct to make sense of embodied experiences of breast cancer, and the profound experience of breast loss. Rich contextual data was elicited from in depth, guided conversations with five premenopausal women who have undergone mastectomy. Adopting feminist methodology, biographic-narrative was used to place the body at the heart of inquiry. This thesis explores the personal and theoretical meanings of mastectomy, embedded in the larger story of how these five women experience their breasts, throughout their lives. …

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Necessary Steps: A Bereavement Support Program For Children And Their Families, Michael Hass, Kathy Mccaleb, Annette Iversen, Karin Crilly Jan 2003

Necessary Steps: A Bereavement Support Program For Children And Their Families, Michael Hass, Kathy Mccaleb, Annette Iversen, Karin Crilly

Education Faculty Articles and Research

A manual for running grief support groups for children.

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The Role Of Group Values In The Relationship Between Group Faultlines And Performance, Katerina Bezrukova, Karen A. Jehn Jan 2003

The Role Of Group Values In The Relationship Between Group Faultlines And Performance, Katerina Bezrukova, Karen A. Jehn

Psychology

This study explores the moderating effects of group values on the relationship between group faultlines and performance. Faultlines occur when group members align along two or more different demographic characteristics causing a group to split into homogeneous subgroups (adapted from Lau and Murnighan, 1998). We theorize and empirically examine three group values variables: career-, change-, and task-specificity. Analyses are performed on 81 work groups from a Fortune 500 information processing firm. Two levels of performance are considered in connection with group faultlines: individual performance (performance ratings) and group performance (bonuses and stock options). Our results provide support for our model …

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Psychological Consultation With The Roman Catholic Church: Integrating Who We Are With What We Do, Thomas G. Plante Jan 2003

Psychological Consultation With The Roman Catholic Church: Integrating Who We Are With What We Do, Thomas G. Plante

Psychology

The purpose of this article is to detail one professional's experience in developing a close and collaborative professional working relationship with the Roman Catholic Church. This article highlights the integration of one's religious tradition with professional activities that are congruent, including assessment, psychotherapy, research and writing. Three principles for effective collaboration with clergy are presented: understand the faith tradition, develop a shared language, and expand the boundaries of professional activities.

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The Well-Being Of Children As Viewed Through Their Conceptions Of Death, Jennifer Kampmann Jan 2003

The Well-Being Of Children As Viewed Through Their Conceptions Of Death, Jennifer Kampmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An explorative study was conducted to try and understand how young children’s emerging death concepts form including, (a) what family demographics and child factors contributed to family well-being, (b) did family well-being influence children’s social competence, and (c) did family well-being and children’s social competence influence children’s death conceptions. Although the subject of death contains many unique characteristics, it is not easily separated from other aspects of life; death is inseparable from the whole human experience (DeSpelder & Strickland, 2002). It was the assumption of this paper that children develop their conceptions of death based on the appreciation they hold …

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Implicit Transfer Of Motor Ssrategies In Mental Rotation, Maryjane Wraga, William L. Thompson, Nathaniel M. Alpert, Stephen M. Kosslyn Jan 2003

Implicit Transfer Of Motor Ssrategies In Mental Rotation, Maryjane Wraga, William L. Thompson, Nathaniel M. Alpert, Stephen M. Kosslyn

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Recent research indicates that motor areas are activated in some types of mental rotation. Many of these studies have required participants to perform egocentric transformations of body parts or whole bodies; however, motor activation also has been found with nonbody objects when participants explicitly relate the objects to their hands. The current study used positron emission tomography (PET) to examine whether such egocentric motor strategies can be transferred implicitly from one type of mental rotation to another. Two groups of participants were tested. In the Hand-Object group, participants performed imaginal rotations of pictures of hands; following this, they then made …

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Using The Theory Of Planned Behaviour To Predict Leisure Educators’ Intentions To Use Instructional Technology, Jennifer Y. Mak, Craig M. Ross Jan 2003

Using The Theory Of Planned Behaviour To Predict Leisure Educators’ Intentions To Use Instructional Technology, Jennifer Y. Mak, Craig M. Ross

Management Faculty Research

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991b) was applied to the prediction and explanation of the intention to use instructional technology by using a mail questionnaire (n = 406) of leisure educators in the United States and Canada. Based on structural equation modeling, it was found that the key determinants of the TPB, attitude toward instructional technology, subjective norm toward instructional technology, and perceived behavioural control toward instructional technology accounted for 50% of the leisure educators’ intention to use instructional technology. The strongest predictor of intention was attitude toward instructional technology, followed by subjective norm toward instructional technology and …

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Effects Of Solution Elicitation Aids And Need For Cognition On The Generation Of Solutions To Ill-Structured Problems, Adam B. Butler, Lisa L. Scherer, Roni Reiter-Palmon Jan 2003

Effects Of Solution Elicitation Aids And Need For Cognition On The Generation Of Solutions To Ill-Structured Problems, Adam B. Butler, Lisa L. Scherer, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Numerous techniques have been proposed to assist problem solvers in the solution generation process. We empirically examined the effectiveness of a solution elicitation technique based on the presentation of problem objectives and also examined whether the technique was effective across individual differences in need for cognition (NC). We found that when two conflicting objectives were presented successively, more solutions, more categories of solutions, and more effective solutions were generated than when the same two objectives were presented simultaneously or not at all. However, the results indicated that effective solutions may be more efficiently generated by considering objectives simultaneously. Need for …

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Two Facets Of Competitiveness And Their Influence On Psychological Adjustment, Elaine Kayhan '03 Jan 2003

Two Facets Of Competitiveness And Their Influence On Psychological Adjustment, Elaine Kayhan '03

Honors Projects

This study was conducted to explore the influence of competitiveness as a personality trait on psychological adjustment. Competitiveness was differentiated into two distinct facets referred to as superiority competitiveness and mastery competitiveness. In terms of psychological adjustment, the effects of these facets of competitiveness on depression, loneliness, self-esteem, anxiety, and eating patterns were examined. Questionnaires were used to assess the aforementioned dimensions. The results of the study revealed some noteworthy gender differences. Among females, superiority competitiveness was associated with higher levels of depression. Among males, superiority competitiveness was associated with less loneliness. A significant association was also observed between mastery …

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The Effect Of Extracurricular Activities On School Dropout, Jilann M. Bush '03 Jan 2003

The Effect Of Extracurricular Activities On School Dropout, Jilann M. Bush '03

Honors Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between participation extracurricular activities and school dropout. Social and classroom engagement were analyzed as possible mediating factors in the relation. Longitudinal data from a study conducted by French, Conrad, and Turner (1995) was used in the analysis, along with extracurricular data collected from school yearbooks. Hierarchal binary logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of participation in five types of extracurricular activities (athletics, fine arts, academic clubs, interest groups, and leadership positions) on school dropout rates as well as to assess the role of engagement in the relation. Participation …

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Differences In Friendship Qualities Of Korean And American College Students, Yun-Sun Alexis Bae '03 Jan 2003

Differences In Friendship Qualities Of Korean And American College Students, Yun-Sun Alexis Bae '03

Honors Projects

The present study explored the friendship characteristics of Korean and American college students. Participants (41 Koreans and 87 Americans) described their friends using a questionnaire (Friendship Quality Questionnaire) and an interview. Because of the inadequacy of the interview coding system, the interview data were not analyzed. Analysis of the FQQ supported the hypothesis that Koreans exhibit higher exclusivity than Americans, but no other country effects emerged. Both U.S. and Korean women reported more intimate disclosure than men. Friendship characteristics of Korea and U.S. students were conceptualized using concepts such as Individualism and Collectivism, Confucianism, and the Korean term "cheong" (affection). …

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Enduring Deep Sorrow: Depression Among Religious College Women, Kara E. Wolff '03 Jan 2003

Enduring Deep Sorrow: Depression Among Religious College Women, Kara E. Wolff '03

Honors Projects

The transition into college can lead to stress which can lead to depression in both men and women (e.g. Lopez & Gormley, 2002). Depression cripples both men and women. The lifetime risk of major depression is 10-25% for women and 5-12% for men (Greenspan, 2001). Mild symptoms rob men and women of energy needed for academic and social pursuits (Beeber, 1999). Depression results in poor over-all functioning, emotional behavioral problems and low self-esteem (Reinherz, Giaconia, Hauf, Wasserman & Silverman, 1999). Individuals with depression also have more problems in intimate relationships with friends and family (Reinherz et al., 1999). This exploratory …

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The Role Of Prefrontal Theta Reset In Learning And Memory, Stephen W. Smith '03 Jan 2003

The Role Of Prefrontal Theta Reset In Learning And Memory, Stephen W. Smith '03

Honors Projects

Theta reset, in which the rhythmic firing of neurons stops and then restarts to the onset of a stimulus, is believed to improve encoding and retrieval of stimuli by causing stimuli to be time-locked to waves of depolarization in the HPC. Recent research by Williams et al. (in preparation) has demonstrated that, in rats, theta reset occurs 1) in several cortical areas including the anterior cingulate (AC), 2) occurs during different phases of a working memory task for different cortical areas, and 3) can be predictive of working memory task performance. In the current study, human participants received EEG recording …

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Threatening Masculinity And Its Effects On Antigay Attitudes And Behaviors, Frances C. Shen '03 Jan 2003

Threatening Masculinity And Its Effects On Antigay Attitudes And Behaviors, Frances C. Shen '03

Honors Projects

This study examined the relationship between threatening masculinity identity in men and subsequent antigay attitudes and behaviors. In a group testing session, masculinity levels were assessed in college men using the Male Role Norm Scale. Male participants were called back for the experimental manipulation, in which they were assigned to one of two conditions. In the masculine threat condition, participants took a test supposedly measuring masculine knowledge and received false feedback of poor performance. In the no threat condition, participants took a test supposedly measuring general knowledge without receiving any feedback. Following the experimental manipulation, a male confederate that participants …

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Narrative Understanding And Theory Of Mind In Preschoolers, Arpita A. Shah '03 Jan 2003

Narrative Understanding And Theory Of Mind In Preschoolers, Arpita A. Shah '03

Honors Projects

Social cognitive development is a phenomenon psychologists have studied for many years. Recent studies have focused on children's understanding of a theory of mind, that is, understanding what it means to say that someone thinks, believes, or knows something. In other words, a theory of mind represents an understanding of epistemic mental states that humans use to describe, predict, and explain behavior (Baron-Cohen, 1996). The present study examined the relation between a developing theory of mind and language ability, by specifically examining changes in children's understanding of the feelings, thoughts, and actions of storybook characters. Children (n=21; aged 34 to …

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The Effects Of A Parent-Child Communication Intervention On The Worries Of Siblings Of Children With Autism, Erin L. O'Neill '03 Jan 2003

The Effects Of A Parent-Child Communication Intervention On The Worries Of Siblings Of Children With Autism, Erin L. O'Neill '03

Honors Projects

This study was designed to assess the effects of parent-child activities on the siblings and parents of children with autism. Existing research suggests that the experience of having an autistic child in the family is highly variable and may have negative outcomes for the typical sibling. The difficulty in predicting sibling outcome may be caused by the lack of a theoretical framework organizing the factors hypothetically affecting sibling coping abilities, therefore a stress and coping model of siblings of children with autism is provided. Currently there has been only limited information reporting successful intervention efforts for this population. The current …

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Masculinity And Homophobia: Does Masculine Threat Increase Homophobic Behavior?, Julie M. Longo '03 Jan 2003

Masculinity And Homophobia: Does Masculine Threat Increase Homophobic Behavior?, Julie M. Longo '03

Honors Projects

Threatened masculinity may play a role in homophobic responses in college men. In this study, homophobic or non-homophobic responses to a gay confederate were measured after a masculine threat or no threat manipulation. 49 college men participated in the study: 24 in the masculine threat condition and 25 in the no threat condition. Masculinity level was pre-determined in an initial phase one testing using the Male Role Norms Scale (MRNS). In the masculine threat condition, participants were given a test that was said to measure masculine knowledge and then received false negative feedback. The no threat condition involved a general …

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Three Factors Of The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach And Their Relationship To Wechsler Iq Scores In An Adolescent Sample, James Wood, Radhika Krishnamurthy, Robert Archer Jan 2003

Three Factors Of The Comprehensive System For The Rorschach And Their Relationship To Wechsler Iq Scores In An Adolescent Sample, James Wood, Radhika Krishnamurthy, Robert Archer

Departmental Papers (Psych)

Principal axis factor analyses of the Rorschach Comprehensive System in a clinical sample of 152 adolescents yielded three clearly defined factors: Synthesized Complexity (defined by Zf, DQ+, and F%), Productivity (defined by R, D, and Dd), and Form Quality (defined by X+%, F+%, and X-%). Variables on the Synthesized Complexity and Form Quality factors were generally correlated with Wechsler Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, and Performance IQ scores. Overall, the factors in this adolescent sample replicated factors identified in earlier studies with adults. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.

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Understanding The Problem Of School Violence: Predictive Factors Of Bullying And Victimization, Alisha Santana Jan 2003

Understanding The Problem Of School Violence: Predictive Factors Of Bullying And Victimization, Alisha Santana

Modern Psychological Studies

With the recent surge in school violence, academics have been motivated to investigate factors that influence this tragic phenomenon. Parents, teachers, and other professionals have made broad generalizations as to why children act so maliciously, and some of the research confirms these common sense notions. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the literature and scrutinize its validity. The current paper examines research addressing predictive factors of both bullying and victimization. Results have shown that access to guns, parenting style, parental involvement, social networks, delinquency, social isolation, and prosocial behavior all are associated with bullying behavior. Similarly, victimization is related to …

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Synchrony And Conflict: The Relationships Among Eating Disordered Attitudes, Gender Role Orientation, And Dating Styles, Marybeth R. Schubert, Elizabeth Nutt Williams Jan 2003

Synchrony And Conflict: The Relationships Among Eating Disordered Attitudes, Gender Role Orientation, And Dating Styles, Marybeth R. Schubert, Elizabeth Nutt Williams

Modern Psychological Studies

College students were surveyed to explore the relationship between eating disordered attitudes, gender role, and dating style. Specifically, two theories regarding gender role were examined: femininity theory and discrepancy theory. The premise of femininity theory was supported in that femininetyped individuals were more likely to report eating disordered behaviors. In addition, a new measure of dating attitudes was created to provide an assessment of nontraditional dating attitudes; surprisingly not only did those scoring high on eating disordered behaviors also score low on nontraditional dating attitudes, but so did both feminine and androgynous individuals. The results underscore the complexity of the …

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The Relationship Between Religious Knowledge And Dogmatism In College Students, Christopher F. Silver Jan 2003

The Relationship Between Religious Knowledge And Dogmatism In College Students, Christopher F. Silver

Modern Psychological Studies

The relationship between general knowledge of world religions and dogmatism was investigated in a group of college students in Tennessee. Knowledge of world religions was assessed with a written survey and the scores were compared to scores on the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. Dogmatism is a reluctance to accept new ideas outside of one's own belief or disbeliefs. The results supported the hypothesis that individuals with high levels of dogmatism would also have low levels of knowledge about religious traditions other than their own. Additional analysis indicated that people who identify themselves as more spiritual than religious had lower dogmatism scores …

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Effects Of Ginko Biloba On Memory In Rats For Maze Tricks, Christopher Deleon Jan 2003

Effects Of Ginko Biloba On Memory In Rats For Maze Tricks, Christopher Deleon

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous studies have investigated the effects of an extract of ginkgo biloba on acquisition, performance and retention in rats. It has been suggested that ginkgo increases mental precision by increasing blood flow to the brain. To determine whether ginkgo is a memory enhancer two female Sprague Dawley rats were tested for maze performance during four stages. Stages included four days of maze performance and four days of no maze performance. Subjects were tested in each stage with or without ginkgo in their water supply. It was predicted that subjects would show improved maze performance as measured by a decrease in …

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Crime And Violence In Men With Schizophrenia: A Literature Review, Bianca Dijulio Jan 2003

Crime And Violence In Men With Schizophrenia: A Literature Review, Bianca Dijulio

Modern Psychological Studies

This literature review examines the strength of the relationship between schizophrenia and violence, symptoms associated with violence in schizophrenics, and two drug treatments associated with treating violence in schizophrenia. In terms of the relationship between schizophrenia and violence, schizophrenia does not surpass other mental illnesses in its association with violence; however, just as other mental illnesses do, it surpasses the normal population in levels of violence. Two symptoms, hostility and suspiciousness, are common in violent schizophrenics. In contrast, antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy have not been clearly associated with violent schizophrenics, most likely due to methodological problems. Similarly, hallucinations, delusions, …

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The Impact Of Previous Operant Learning On Subsequent Maze Learning In Rats, Anissa Adams Jan 2003

The Impact Of Previous Operant Learning On Subsequent Maze Learning In Rats, Anissa Adams

Modern Psychological Studies

The inhibition or facilitation of additional learning is a subject that can be investigated with a controlled study. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the effects of previous learning on the inhibiting or facilitation of additional learning. This study was designed to examine whether or not previous learning (continuous reinforcement in an operant chamber) affects how swiftly a rat learns how to run a maze when compared to naive (untrained) rats. A total of nine rats were used, five were previously CRF trained and the remaining four were experimentally naive. Each rat was deprived of water …

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Juror Perception: Criminal Verdicts Based On Race, G. S. Bradshaw Jan 2003

Juror Perception: Criminal Verdicts Based On Race, G. S. Bradshaw

Modern Psychological Studies

Many studies have investigated factors that affect juror decision making. The results of these studies vary. This study was designed to examine the effect of race of jurors on their perceptions of guilt in a criminal case, and whether or not race of the defendant influenced the juror's perception of guilt. College students served as participants and were asked to read a summary of a criminal case in which the defendant was in possession of marijuana. The race of the defendant was varied (black, white, or race not specified) and subjects were required to determine if the defendant was guilty …

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