Psychology Commons^™

To The Best Of My Recollection: Memory Malingerers And Congressional Testimony, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article (1) describes some common concepts of clinical research on memory malingering and (2) advocates the heuristic value of these concepts for political committees seeking to devise methods that elicit truthful statements from individuals providing testimony.

Euro-Psychology: When Money Is More Than Money, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some psychological roles of money and the import of these roles for domestic and international economics. The coming of the euro is used as an example.

Weapon Size Versus Body Size As A Predictor Of Winning In Fights Between Shore Crabs, Carcinus Maenas (L.), Lynne U. Sneddon, Felicity A. Huntingford, Alan C. Taylor

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Relative body size (carapace width) and weapon size (chela length) were used as indicators of resource holding potential (RHP) in the agonistic behaviour of male shore crabs, Carcinus maenas (L.). Weapon size was found to be a more reliable predictor of the outcome of pairwise fights than body size. Crabs with longer chelae than their opponents were more likely to win fights than crabs with relatively larger bodies. Body size had less influence on the outcome of fights. Relative body and weapon size did not influence initiation of contests but did affect the likelihood of winning; however, this was significant …

The Effect Of Self-Focused Attention On Psychopathology, Keith Payne

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

This study investigated whether self-focused attention is related to psychopathology in general or if, instead, specific types of self-focus are associated with specific disorders. Self-focus was measured as private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, emotional self-reference, or performance self-reference. Personality measures included depression, phobias, 'health concern, obsessiveness, and disordered eating. Public self-consciousness was related to greater depression, obsessiveness, and disordered eating. Private self-consciousness was positively correlated with depression and obsessiveness. Performance self-reference was related to lower levels of depression and obsessiveness. The findings indicate that different types of self-focused attention are involved in different disorders. Results are interpreted with reference to self-awareness …

Triple Dissociation Of Anterior Cingulate, Posterior Cingulate, And Medial Frontal Cortices On Visual Discrimination Tasks Using A Touchscreen Testing Procedure For The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, B J Everitt, T W Robbins

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Four experiments examined effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and medial frontal cortices on tests of visual discrimination learning, using a new "touchscreen" testing method for rats. Anterior cingulate cortex lesions impaired acquisition of an 8-pair concurrent discrimination task, whereas posterior cingulate cortex lesions facilitated learning but selectively impaired the late stages of acquisition of a visuospatial conditional discrimination. Medial frontal cortex lesions selectively impaired reversal learning when stimuli were difficult to discriminate; lesions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortex had no effect. These results suggest roles for the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and medial …

Subsystem Variables Associated With Positive Foster Mother-Foster Child Relationships, Meg Sandow

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Many researchers have explored variables that appear to influence a foster child's placement, and both researchers and theorists have noted the need for an overarching understanding of the variables that may affect a foster child's care and progress. This study examined four interlinking subsystems of foster care: the foster child, the family of origin, the foster parent, and the social worker. Data regarding relevant variables for each of these subsystems were analyzed by means of canonical correlations, factor analyses, a multiple regression, and zero-order correlations. Participants in the study were 42 foster children from the Chesapeake and Suffolk Departments of …

The Effects Of Task Partitioning And Computer Skill Level On Operator Engagement And Performance In An Adaptive Biocybernetic Environment, Todd Michael Eischeid

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present study examined task partitioning in an adaptive environment, utilizing the cybernetic closed-loop system of Pope et al. (1995). In that study, participants either performed a tracking task (manual condition) or monitored the tracking task (automatic condition). Changes in task mode were driven by an engagement index derived from the participant's EEG and operated under either positive or negative feedback conditions. One goal of the present study was to examine participant performance under a wider range of tracking conditions. Specifically, the task was partitioned into 3 modes: a manual mode, a partitioned mode, and an automatic mode. A second …

Death Anxiety As A Moderation Factor On Sexual Behavior Related To The Risk Of Hiv Infection In Young Adults, John Hawes Jones

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between level of death anxiety and risky sexual behavior that may lead to HIV/AIDS. It was hypothesized that the higher one's death anxiety level the less an individual would engage in high risk behavior. A sample of 151 young adult college students with a mean age of 22.6 years completed the Revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDAS). The survey also asked the participants to list the extent that they have engaged in six sexual behaviors known to increase one's risk of HIV infection. The participants also completed a 12 question …

Effects Of A Circuit Weight Training Program On The Body Images Of College Students, Pamela Ann Williams

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which participation in a circuit weight training program would lead to improvements in body image and physical self-efficacy, as compared to a matched control group. Thirty-nine experimental subjects participated in a 6-week circuit weight training class, while 39 subjects in a matched comparison group did not engage in any weight training. All subjects completed the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale at pre- and posttest points. Experimental subjects also completed tests of muscular strength and the Reasons for Exercise Inventory. The results …

A Multi-Method Inquiry Into Managerial Coaching, Deborah J. Petricek

Dissertations and Theses

Managerial coaching is a little understood and assessed phenomenon. An exploratory study was conducted in order to describe and examine coaching practices in the work world. Interviews were conducted with a group of managers and direct reports from a single company. Based on the interview discourse and previous research, two scales were developed in order to investigate the coach and coachee domains. Manager and associate survey forms were constructed using these new scales and the Leader /Member Exchange (LMX) in order to investigate the relationship domain of coaching. In addition, the Least-Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scale was included in the manager …

Trends. Globalization As A Projective Stimulus, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses how the political psychology of individuals, groups, organizations, and other entities change in an era of globalization.

Trends. Libya, Iraq, And Sanctions-Busting Through Common Decency, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses UN placed sanctions against Libya related to the 1988 bombing of a Pan Am aircraft in flight in which 270 people died.

The Desirability Of Social Desirability: More Than A Response Set, Response Style, Or Disposition?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some of the more significant denotations of social desirability and discusses the construct as boon or bane for political psychological researchers.

Perplexed And Circumplexed: The Structure Of Social Behavior In A Political World, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article posits some Issues needing to be clarified to increase the explanatory and predictive value of circumplex models of social behavior.

The Political Psychology Of Deception Research Ii, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

A previous IBPP article (V. 2, No. 9, "The Political Psychology of Deception Research" described some of the complexities in assessing how psychological assessment instruments are vulnerable to deception--e.g., the purposeful "faking bad" of test takers. That article focused on some ethical Issues of deception research and the concept of the social transformation of knowledge that threatens reliability and validity of assessment instruments through time. The present article focuses on a methodological consideration in documenting the threat of deception to psychological assessment.

Political Assassinations: Primary Prevention In Representative Democracies, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a social psychological approach to decreasing the probability of some political assassinations

Trends. The Land Mines Treaty: A Strict Constructionist Approach, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the United States Government (USG) announcement that it will not sign the Land Mines Treaty because land mines are still needed to protect US security

A Moral Dilemma For The Political Psychologist: Decreasing Criminal Violence As Symptom, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes two approaches to decreasing criminal violence and the moral dilemma in choosing between them.

Trends. Mother Teresa And The War On Poverty, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses Mother Teresa's views on poverty.

Getting Away With Murder: The Mass Media's Role In Staging Crime, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a problem created by the mass media and confronted by criminal-investigative analysts at crime scenes at which murder seems to have been perpetrated.

From Whence Evil? Shakespeare As Political Psychologist, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This paper identifies a passage from Shakespeare's Hamlet that is germane to the question of the source of political evil.

Intelligence And Counterintelligence Operations: The Role Of Implicit Social Influence, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article highlights psychological research on implicit social influence and advocates that this research can be a heuristic source of applications for intelligence and counterintelligence operations.

Trends. Why Princess Di?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses death, dying and Princess Diana.

The Philosophy Of Political Conflict: The Example Of Punishment, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article posits a basic philosophical substrate of inevitable political conflict as opposed to more common psychological ones.

Is "Good Enough" Good Enough For Swarthmore?, Barry Schwartz

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Foreign Culture On Air Force Contingency Contracting Operations, Christian M. Ruefer

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract Contingency Contracting Officers (CCOs) are increasingly finding themselves an integral part of overseas deployments, purchasing in theater whatever the combat forces cannot bring with them. As a result, CCOs must deal directly with businesses and the individuals who operate them in the deployed location. Cultural differences between the CCO and suppliers can become an issue not encountered in stateside operations. This thesis was designed to explore the possible impact of culture on the deployed CCO's ability to do their job. There were four objectives of this study. First, those tasks CCOs must accomplish in order to perform their job …

Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior, Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago. METHODS: A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in …

Variation In Environmental Risk Perceptions And Information Sources Among Three Communities In El Paso, Theresa L. Byrd, James Vanderslice, Susan K. Peterson

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors report the results of a pilot study of environmental risk and sources of environmental information in three socio-economically and culturally distinct communities in Texas.

A Framework For Assessing The Rationality Of Judgments In Carcinogenicity Hazard Identification, Douglas J. Crawford-Brown, Kenneth G. Brown

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Arguing that guidelines for identifying carcinogens now lack a philosophically rigorous framework, the authors present an alternative that draws clear attention to the process of reasoning towards judgments of carcinogenicity.

Commentary On Linda Mealey (1995), The Sociobiology Of Sociopathy: An Integrated Evolutionary Model, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Joseph L. Hernandez Cruz, Don Joseph Stein, Linda Mealey

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

[SFS] When Genotype × Environment (G × E) interactions are present, heritability estimates are not interpretable. Mealey cites abundant evidence for G × E interactions in the etiology of sociopathy, thereby completely undermining estimates of the heritability of sociopathy which form the foundation of her model. Without proper evidence for a genetic basis of sociopathy, Mealey’s sociobiological model collapses under its own great weight.

[LM] It is impossible to discuss the constructs “heritability,” “theory of mind,” and “normality” in a single coherent essay. The following three rejoinders address each of these exceedingly complex constructs individually, as each relates to the …