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Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Psychosocial Predictors Of Visceral Adiposity, Paula C. Rhode Jan 2003

Psychosocial Predictors Of Visceral Adiposity, Paula C. Rhode

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Psychosocial factors are thought to influence health through primarily direct physiological mechanisms or the alteration of health related behaviors. Three factors hypothesized to negatively impact health include arousal, life stress, and depressive symptomatology. One recent theorist suggests that the interaction between psychological stress and stress hormones on the neuroendocrine system may result in adverse changes to body composition, most notably the increased deposition of visceral adipose tissue (Bjorntorp, 1993). The current study prospectively examined the relationship between self-reported stressful life events, depressive symptoms and trait arousal on the deposition of visceral fat, as measured by computerized tomography (CT). Subjects were …


The Effects Of Signals On Responding During Delayed Reinforcement, Michael E. Kelley Jan 2003

The Effects Of Signals On Responding During Delayed Reinforcement, Michael E. Kelley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Functional communication training (FCT) is a commonly used intervention for severe behavior disorders (e.g., Carr & Durand, 1985; Wacker et al., 1990). This treatment is designed to provide individuals with developmental disabilities with a repertoire of responses to attain reinforcement. However, caregivers may be unable or unwilling to provide immediate reinforcement when the treatment is implemented in the natural environment. Recent applied research on responding during delayed reinforcement suggests that responding may not persist when delays exceed 30 s (e.g., Fisher, Thompson, Hagopian, Bowman, & Krug, 2000; Hanley, Iwata, & Thompson, 2001). In contrast, results of basic research suggest that …


Adherence To Medical Regimens In Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Influence Of Perceived Control Constructs, Erin L. O'Hea Jan 2003

Adherence To Medical Regimens In Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Influence Of Perceived Control Constructs, Erin L. O'Hea

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Individuals with Type 2 diabetes often do not adhere to their treatment regimens (e.g., exercise, diet, medication, glucose monitoring). Non-adherence results in poor metabolic control, further morbidity and mortality, and increased health care utilization and costs. One common thread among many health-behavior-theories that attempt to explain non-adherence behaviors is the importance of perceived control. This psychosocial variable has most often been conceptualized as ‘health locus of control,’ which refers to the belief that one has the ability to influence or change one’s health outcomes. Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the relationship of health locus of control and medical regimen …


Monitoring In Event-Based Prospective Memory Tasks, Dale Watkins Cockman Jan 2003

Monitoring In Event-Based Prospective Memory Tasks, Dale Watkins Cockman

LSU Master's Theses

Event based prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to perform a particular action upon the presentation of a particular cue in the environment. Until recently, most models of event-based PM performance have suggested that the realization of the target event occurs automatically. The DARC model (Smith, 2000) is among the first to suggest that monitoring is required to notice the target event, in the form of a consistent, non-strategic dedication of resources. The predictions of the DARC model are contrasted with those of Einstein & McDaniel (Noticing + Search, 1996), Goschke & Kuhl (1996), Ellis (1996). The pilot study and …


The Effects Of An Evening Structured Problem-Solving Procedure In Undergraduate College Students With Insomnia, Colleen E. Carney Jan 2003

The Effects Of An Evening Structured Problem-Solving Procedure In Undergraduate College Students With Insomnia, Colleen E. Carney

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Worry is often reported as interfering with sleep onset and sleep maintenance, and pre-sleep cognitive arousal can persist after successful behavioral treatment of insomnia. The present investigation will examine the effects of a "constructive worry" procedure in an undergraduate population with impaired sleep. Thirty-three undergraduate students who reported three or more nights per week in the last month of sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance problems, either recorded worries and possible solutions (experimental CW group) or recorded worries and completed worry questionnaires (control Worry group) for five nights. As hypothesized, the CW group had decreased pre-sleep cognitive and overall arousal relative …


Evaluation Of Computerized Reading Intervention, Jennifer Lynne Koenig Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Computerized Reading Intervention, Jennifer Lynne Koenig

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-based reading intervention with eight elementary school children. This program, called the Reading Center, utilizes repeated reading, listening passage preview, word drills, and comprehension questions. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the intervention effects on oral reading fluency. Results indicated growth in all eight children, with increases between 8.7 and 20 words per week for intervention passages. The implications of the results for the use of computer-delivered interventions are discussed.


Major And Minor Life Events As Predictors Of Medical Utilization, Gareth R. Dutton Jan 2003

Major And Minor Life Events As Predictors Of Medical Utilization, Gareth R. Dutton

LSU Master's Theses

Research suggests stressful life events can negatively influence physical and mental health in a number of ways. While previous research indicates both major and minor life events contribute unique variance to the prediction of physical and mental symptoms, little research has examined the relationships of both major and minor life events with medical utilization. The current study included a predominantly African American, low-income sample of adults (N = 207) attending two primary care outpatient clinics and assessed their experience of both major and minor life events over the course of one year. Medical utilization data were collected over a subsequent …


Review Of The Butcher's Tale: Murder And Anti-Semitism In A German Town, Michael F. Russo Jul 2002

Review Of The Butcher's Tale: Murder And Anti-Semitism In A German Town, Michael F. Russo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Male And Female Judges: Does Sex Make A Difference In Decision-Making?, Melissa Echols May 2002

Male And Female Judges: Does Sex Make A Difference In Decision-Making?, Melissa Echols

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Organizational Politics And Multisource Feedbacklh[Electronic Resource], John M. Ford Jan 2002

Organizational Politics And Multisource Feedbacklh[Electronic Resource], John M. Ford

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The current research examined the effects of perceptions of organizational politics, understanding of organizational processes, and control over organizational events on rater attitudes (i.e., acceptance, cost-benefit evaluations) toward multisource feedback systems (MSFS). Six-hundred-and-three employees were surveyed concerning their perceptions of organizational politics, understanding, control, and rater attitudes toward MSFS. The present research demonstrated that (a) understanding interacted with organizational politics perceptions in the prediction of rater acceptance of MSFS, (b) control moderated the relationship between understanding and rater attitudes toward peer feedback, (c) perceptions of organizational politics were consistently negatively related to the favorability of rater attitudes toward MSFS, (d) …


Family Violence Exposure And Family Relationship Skills In Adolescents Exposed To Community Violence, Monique M. Leblanc Jan 2002

Family Violence Exposure And Family Relationship Skills In Adolescents Exposed To Community Violence, Monique M. Leblanc

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Community violence exposure has been associated with a plethora of adverse aftereffects; therefore, greater understanding of compensatory and potentiating factors associated with exposure is essential for effective intervention and prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among school violence exposure, neighborhood violence exposure, family violence exposure, parent-adolescent relationship skills, and outcomes. Participants consisted of 100 adolescents, aged 13 to 20 years. Adolescents completed the Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure, the Behavior Assessment System for Children- Self Report of Personality, the Child Health and Illness Profile- Adolescent Edition, and the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire. Parents/guardians completed the Behavior …


Time-Based Intentions And Individual Variables: An Examination Of Performance Patterns In Prospective Memory, Claire E. Guidry Jan 2002

Time-Based Intentions And Individual Variables: An Examination Of Performance Patterns In Prospective Memory, Claire E. Guidry

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Semantic Memory And Stereotypes: The Effect On Source Attributions, Jill Renee Bordelon Jan 2002

Semantic Memory And Stereotypes: The Effect On Source Attributions, Jill Renee Bordelon

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Predicting Distress And State Self-Esteem: Effects Of Attachment Styles And Intensity Of A Romantic Relationship Threat, Leslie E. Olivier Jan 2002

Predicting Distress And State Self-Esteem: Effects Of Attachment Styles And Intensity Of A Romantic Relationship Threat, Leslie E. Olivier

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


The Use Of Correspondence Training To Increase Attentive And Prosocial Behaviors In A Sports Setting For Children With A Diagnosis Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Benjamin Slater Allums Jan 2002

The Use Of Correspondence Training To Increase Attentive And Prosocial Behaviors In A Sports Setting For Children With A Diagnosis Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Benjamin Slater Allums

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Gender On The Perceived Shyness Of Individuals, Summer A. Nacoste Jan 2002

The Effect Of Gender On The Perceived Shyness Of Individuals, Summer A. Nacoste

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Maternal Acceptability Of Interventions For Behavior Problems In Low Income Children With Adhd Symptomatology And Controls, Marie Theresa Young Jan 2002

Maternal Acceptability Of Interventions For Behavior Problems In Low Income Children With Adhd Symptomatology And Controls, Marie Theresa Young

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


Effects Of A Defendant’S Health And Relevance Of Merchandise Stolen On Perceptions Of Guilt, With Sympathy And Empathy As Mediating Factors, Timothy Ryan Robicheaux Jan 2002

Effects Of A Defendant’S Health And Relevance Of Merchandise Stolen On Perceptions Of Guilt, With Sympathy And Empathy As Mediating Factors, Timothy Ryan Robicheaux

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.


The Body Morph Assessment Version 2.0 (Bma 2.0): A Psychometric Study, Tiffany M. Stewart Jan 2002

The Body Morph Assessment Version 2.0 (Bma 2.0): A Psychometric Study, Tiffany M. Stewart

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A computerized procedure for assessing body image, called the Body Morph Assessment Version 2.0 (BMA 2.0), was developed to serve as reliable and valid measure of body image. The BMA 2.0 is an extention of an earlier prototype called the Body Morph Assessment (BMA; Stewart, Williamson, Smeets, & Greenway, 2000). Although flexible in its uses, the BMA 2.0 targets the measurement of body image in people ranging in body size from very thin to very obese. The BMA was evaluated in terms of its psychometric characteristics. A sample of 217 subjects, composed of four distinct groups classified by gender and …


The Role Of Attention In Affect Perception: An Examination Of Mirsky's Four Factor Model Of Attention In Chronic Schizophrenia, Dennis R. Combs Jan 2002

The Role Of Attention In Affect Perception: An Examination Of Mirsky's Four Factor Model Of Attention In Chronic Schizophrenia, Dennis R. Combs

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Attention and affect perception was examined in a sample of sixty-five persons with chronic schizophrenia. Attentional skills may be related to deficits in affect perception due to a lack of attention to important information contained in the face. Deficits of this sort can dramatically inhibit appropriate social functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical research on this topic. Mirsky's four factor model of attention was used as a broad-based assessment of attentional functioning. The four factors of attention were: 1) Focus-Execute, 2) Encode, 3) Sustain, and 4) Shift. Neuropsychological measures reflective of attentional factor were administered. In this study, …


Qualitative Scoring Of The Rey 15-Item Memory Test In A Forensic Population, James A. Martin Jan 2002

Qualitative Scoring Of The Rey 15-Item Memory Test In A Forensic Population, James A. Martin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Several studies have examined the ability of the Rey 15-Item Memory Test (MFIT) to identify malingering of memory problems among a variety of psychiatric and neurologically impaired populations. The consensus has been that the quantitative scoring method is overly sensitive to genuine memory impairment and lacks sensitivity to simulated amnesia. However, a reexamination of these studies and available data indicates the MFIT is both valid and effective at identifying actual malingerers among civil litigants, and a number of these studies were limited through inappropriate inclusion of severely impaired patients and research designs of questionable validity. Also, the performance of a …


An Analysis Of The Effects Of Contingent Delivery Of Tasks With Different Difficulty And Noncontingent Delivery Of Tasks With Different Preference, Ernest Whitmarsh Jan 2002

An Analysis Of The Effects Of Contingent Delivery Of Tasks With Different Difficulty And Noncontingent Delivery Of Tasks With Different Preference, Ernest Whitmarsh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This investigation examined instructional strategies derived from the Premack principle and task interspersal strategies for four students with moderate to severe developmental disabilities. In both studies, baseline consisted of massed instruction of thirty trials. During study one, students were given contingent access to preferred easy tasks for correct responding in one condition. In the second condition, students were given contingent access to preferred difficult tasks for correct responding. During study two, students were given noncontingent access to preferred easy tasks for correct responding in one condition. In the second condition, students were given noncontingent access to nonpreferred easy tasks for …


Use Of Actigraphy To Objectively Measure Motor Restlessness In Restless Legs Syndrome, Tai Anderson Istre Jan 2002

Use Of Actigraphy To Objectively Measure Motor Restlessness In Restless Legs Syndrome, Tai Anderson Istre

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a disorder characterized by disagreeable leg sensations, usually prior to sleep onset, which cause an almost irresistible urge to move the legs. A characteristic feature of this disorder is that the movements are partially or completely relieved with leg motions. Attempts to find the underlying pathology have been unsuccessful. Thus, there are no objective physiological tests to diagnose this condition. Using the Suggested Immobilization Test (SIT), the current study attempted to validate a new and practical method for quantifying the motor symptoms of RLS, actigraphy. To this end, the SIT with actigraphy was evaluated for …


Somatic Complaints And Health Care Utilization In Children Exposed To Violence, Kellie Ann Hilker Jan 2002

Somatic Complaints And Health Care Utilization In Children Exposed To Violence, Kellie Ann Hilker

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In the United States, violence has been referred to as a public health epidemic and violence exposure of our youth is a particularly serious national concern. Numerous negative outcomes are associated with both child victimization and violence exposure including externalizing problems, internalizing symptoms, and poor academic performance. Somatic complaints, which have been associated with internalizing symptoms, have been found as well; however, physical complaints have not been studied in depth. Additionally, health care utilization is an area that is not widely studied in pediatric psychology, but positive associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and increased health care utilization has been found …


Spaced-Retrieval Effects On Name-Face Recognition In Older Adults With Probable Alzheimer's Disease, Karri Sikes Hawley Jan 2002

Spaced-Retrieval Effects On Name-Face Recognition In Older Adults With Probable Alzheimer's Disease, Karri Sikes Hawley

LSU Master's Theses

Six older adults with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were trained to recall a name-face association using the spaced-retrieval method. We administered six training sessions over a two-week period. On each trial, participants selected a target photograph and stated the target name, from eight other photographs, at increasingly longer retention intervals. Results yielded a positive effect of spaced-retrieval training for name-face recognition. All participants were able to select the target photograph and state the target’s name for longer periods of time within and across training sessions. A live person transfer task was administered to determine whether the name-face association, trained by …


Useful Field Of View Of An Indicator Of Accident Risk: Results From A College Sample, Jeffrey James Schneider Jan 2002

Useful Field Of View Of An Indicator Of Accident Risk: Results From A College Sample, Jeffrey James Schneider

LSU Master's Theses

Driving is an important part of daily life in our society. Neurocognitive deficits acquired from a head injury can affect driving ability. Determining when it is safe for a person recovering from a head injury to return to the road can often be difficult. With the risk involved in an on-the-road driving evaluation, effective measures are needed to determine when patients are ready to be evaluated. Some neuropsychological measures have shown promise in this area. The Useful Field of View (UFOV) is one test that has been used successfully with older drivers to predict accident risk. Research has also been …


Control Of Food Intake And Body Weight Following Smoking Cessation In Premenopausal Women, Jamie Lynn Neal Jan 2002

Control Of Food Intake And Body Weight Following Smoking Cessation In Premenopausal Women, Jamie Lynn Neal

LSU Master's Theses

Women experience more weight gain than men postcessation and are more aware of nicotine’s weight suppressing effects than men. Postcessation weight gain in women can be largely accounted for by significant increases in high fat foods from pre- to postcessation. Overeating found in the luteal phase, further compounds the increased caloric intake found postcessation. Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of smoking cessation on macronutrient content and weight gain; and most have relied on self-report data. This study used the Macronutrient Self-Selection Paradigm (MSSP) and Food Preference Questionnaire (FPQ) to assess food intake in 17 women in the luteal …


Who's Not Dieting In America And Who Should Be? Results From The 1994-1996 Diet And Health Knowledge Survey (Dhks 1994-1996), Emily York-Crowe Jan 2002

Who's Not Dieting In America And Who Should Be? Results From The 1994-1996 Diet And Health Knowledge Survey (Dhks 1994-1996), Emily York-Crowe

LSU Master's Theses

The rising rates of obesity and overweight are contributing to higher costs for the individual and the nation, both medically and financially. There is a greater need for education and other preventive measures, but in order to tailor such programs effectively to the individuals most in need, it is important to examine the current trends, knowledge, and practices of adults in the United States. Previous research has examined the prevalence rates and practices of specific populations and individuals in limited geographical locations but, due to obvious constraints, few nationally representative samples have been examined. This study analyzed the results of …


The Effects Of Implicit, Explicit, And Synergistic Training On Learning An Artificial Grammar, Thomas James Domangue Jan 2002

The Effects Of Implicit, Explicit, And Synergistic Training On Learning An Artificial Grammar, Thomas James Domangue

LSU Master's Theses

Participants were trained to generate exemplars of an artificial grammar by bubbling-in letters from exemplars (implicit training), observing a diagram of the grammar then reproducing it (explicit training), or tracing the path of exemplars through a diagram of the grammar (synergistic training). Performance was measured using a cued-generate task. It provided a template for an exemplar with two letters filled in. Participants attempted to generate exemplars that fit the template. The computer corrected the exemplar when it matched at least 70% of the letters in a valid string. Results showed that both explicit and synergistic training led to generation of …


Prevention Of Eating Disorders In Athletes: An Intervention For Coaches, Brooke L. Whisenhunt Jan 2002

Prevention Of Eating Disorders In Athletes: An Intervention For Coaches, Brooke L. Whisenhunt

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Research has found that athletes, particularly those involved in "aesthetically-oriented" sports, are at increased risk for engaging in unhealthy weight reduction practices and developing clinical eating disorders. Prevention studies of eating disorders have had some success, but there are very few published studies that address prevention in athletes. This study was designed as an eating disorders prevention program that targeted coaches as change agents. Cheerleading coaches at national or regional conferences attended an intervention workshop or a control workshop. Coaches who attended the intervention workshop received information regarding nutrition, eating disorders, and ways to manage athletes with eating disorders. They …