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Articles 691 - 720 of 818
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Effects Of Internal And External Context Reinstatement On Source Memory, Jeffrey Joseph Starns
The Effects Of Internal And External Context Reinstatement On Source Memory, Jeffrey Joseph Starns
LSU Master's Theses
Memory for attended aspects of an encoded event (item memory) is facilitated when features of the encoding context are reinstated at test, indicating that item and context features are bound together in memory traces (Smith, 1979). The present study investigated whether reinstated contextual features similarly enhance memory for other contextual details of an event (source memory). Participants studied words that appeared on either the top or bottom of the computer screen in either a large or small font size. Following the study phase, participants completed a recognition/source test in which they had to indicate the location in which they studied …
The Loss Of Parental Contact: Prevalence And Consequences Experienced Past And Present, Robert A. Wright
The Loss Of Parental Contact: Prevalence And Consequences Experienced Past And Present, Robert A. Wright
LSU Master's Theses
The loss of a parent is a difficult and potentially very upsetting event for a child. Along with the loss of parental contact and the emotional toll, the death, divorce, abandonment, or imprisonment of a parent can also disrupt many on-going facets of a child’s life, including school, social relationships, athletics, and other interests. Despite the potentially devastating nature of parental loss, relatively little is known about the frequency of parental loss or the consequences of this loss. This study examined the prevalence of parental loss and the consequences experienced in both the short and long term. Two separate interview …
State-Specific Effects Of Withdrawal In Smokers, Carla J. Rash
State-Specific Effects Of Withdrawal In Smokers, Carla J. Rash
LSU Master's Theses
Comparisons of responses to a free-recall task were made in withdrawal and non-withdrawal states of 41 smokers. A 2 x 2 design was used to investigate state-specific learning effects in smokers during nicotine withdrawal using a list of 20 common words. Nicotine withdrawal was defined as a minimum of 12 hours abstinence from smoking. Physiological measures of heart rate and blood pressure were examined for drug-compensatory responses. No significant decreases in physiological responding were found. Additionally, no interaction was found between reported urge and withdrawal. The primary hypothesis regarding state-specific effects on recall was not supported. These findings are to …
The Importance Of Fluent Component Skills In Mathematical Comprehension, Chisato Komatsu
The Importance Of Fluent Component Skills In Mathematical Comprehension, Chisato Komatsu
LSU Master's Theses
The primary question to be addressed by the present study was whether fluency on component skills is important in the development of overall competency in mathematics. Reading fluency has served as an excellent predictor of one’s reading comprehension. However, few studies have investigated whether the fluency on component skills is essential in the development of overall competency in mathematics. In fact, there has been a push for instructional strategies to deemphasize the importance component skills. In the current study, 140 students in second- through fourth- grade classrooms from general education participated. Each student took three curriculum-based measurement probes (a single-skill …
Effects Of Family Violence And Parental Psychopathology On The Psychological Outcome Of Urban Adolescents Exposed To Community Violence, Shannon Self-Brown
Effects Of Family Violence And Parental Psychopathology On The Psychological Outcome Of Urban Adolescents Exposed To Community Violence, Shannon Self-Brown
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Previous research has documented an association between adolescents’ exposure to community violence and a range of mental health problems. However, some violence-exposed youth maintain high levels of adaptive behavior and exhibit good psychological functioning. Thus, it appears that protective and/or risk factors are involved in the community violence-psychological outcome relation, which mitigate the conditions under which community violence exposure leads to adverse adolescent outcome. According to the ecological transactional model, protective and/or risk factors may exist within the family that influence adolescent outcome in response to community violence exposure. The purpose of this study was to delineate the relations among …
Teaching Elementary Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder To Recruit Teacher Attention: Effects On Teacher Praise, On-Task Behavior, And Academic Work, Angie Lynn Pellegrin
Teaching Elementary Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder To Recruit Teacher Attention: Effects On Teacher Praise, On-Task Behavior, And Academic Work, Angie Lynn Pellegrin
LSU Master's Theses
Recruitment training and self-monitoring skills have proven to be effective methods of decreasing off-task behavior and increasing work productivity and positive teacher-student interactions. Teaching students to recruit teacher attention provides an opportunity for the teacher to praise the child or to offer instructional feedback. However, research on this topic has not examined its utilization and effectiveness in children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, the present study will examine the effectiveness of training students with ADHD to monitor task progress and recruit teacher attention.
The Relationship Between Social Behavior And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Individuals With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, David E. Kuhn
The Relationship Between Social Behavior And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Individuals With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, David E. Kuhn
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
One of the defining features of mental retardation is a problem in adaptive functioning. An area of adaptive skills commonly deficient in this population is social functioning, often characterized as behaviors that provide individuals with the means to interact effectively and appropriately with others. Researchers in this area have generally focused on improving appropriate social behavior and/or decreasing behavioral excesses that interfere with social interactions. Few studies have examined the effects of improving social behavior on collateral behaviors. The current study examined the relationship between social behavior and feeding and mealtime problem behavior in individuals with mental retardation. Individuals across …
The Diagnosis Of Dementia In Persons With Mental Retardation: Validating Methods Of Assessment, Joanne Bielecki
The Diagnosis Of Dementia In Persons With Mental Retardation: Validating Methods Of Assessment, Joanne Bielecki
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The usual assessment instruments for the diagnosis of dementia are often difficult to use among individuals with mental retardation. This study investigates whether a modified method based on Visser et al. (1997) can identify a dementing process. Ninety individuals diagnosed with severe and profound mental retardation were studied. One half of the participants were diagnosed with Down's syndrome. The participants were equally assigned to one of three groups based on perceived risk of dementia. A differential prevalence design was used. Both cross sectional and longitudinal analyses were utilized in this study. Results indicate that the Visser et al. (1997) method …
The Effects Of Auditory Distraction On Attention Performance In Asymptomatic College Students With A History Of Mild Head Injury, John H.,Ii Denning
The Effects Of Auditory Distraction On Attention Performance In Asymptomatic College Students With A History Of Mild Head Injury, John H.,Ii Denning
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Introduction: The majority of individuals experiencing a mild head injury (MHI) recover fully experiencing few residual symptoms. Some individuals who fully recover have shown evidence of residual, albeit subtle, brain functioning disturbances on tasks requiring high levels of cognitive effort. Also, memory complaints in MHI patients may be related to these subtle difficulties when cognitive resources are overwhelmed. This study assessed a group of asymptomatic college students with a history of MHI to determine if there were any residual attention difficulties as well as increased memory complaints. Method: One-hundred twelve college students with and without a history of MHI were …
The Relation Between Knowledge Of Adhd And Treatment Acceptability In A Multi-Disciplinary Pediatric Clinic, Rebecca Owen Currier
The Relation Between Knowledge Of Adhd And Treatment Acceptability In A Multi-Disciplinary Pediatric Clinic, Rebecca Owen Currier
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Behavior modification and medication have been proven to be the most effective interventions for children with ADHD. For these treatments to be effective, utilization of mental health care services as well as compliance with treatment recommendations is necessary. There has been shown lower care utilization among minorities for the treatment of behavioral disorders. In addition, lack of adherence among these populations to ADHD treatment is not explained by SES, parenting stress, or family coping. An alternative explanation may be parental knowledge of ADHD and opinions of commonly used treatments. The present investigation examined the effect of a brief knowledge intervention …
An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Implicit Versus Explicit Attitudes Toward Jealousy, Laurie E. Robinette
An Investigation Of Gender Differences In Implicit Versus Explicit Attitudes Toward Jealousy, Laurie E. Robinette
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Review Of The Culture Of Defeat : On National Trauma, Mourning, And Recovery, Michael F. Russo
Review Of The Culture Of Defeat : On National Trauma, Mourning, And Recovery, Michael F. Russo
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Spaced-Retrieval Effects On Memory For A Name-Face-Detail Association In Persons With Probable Alzheimer’S Disease, Ashley A. Gray
Spaced-Retrieval Effects On Memory For A Name-Face-Detail Association In Persons With Probable Alzheimer’S Disease, Ashley A. Gray
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome And Insomnia: Implications For Treatment, Danae L. Drab
The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome And Insomnia: Implications For Treatment, Danae L. Drab
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep-disordered breathing condition that causes disrupted sleep. Although OSAS is most often associated with daytime hypersomnolence, a number of OSAS patients complain of insomnia, i.e., disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep. If the insomnia in patients with OSAS is secondary to the medical condition, then it would be expected to abate with the successful treatment of OSAS. If, however, the insomnia is primarily of a psychological nature, thus considered primary or psychophysiological insomnia, little to no change in insomnia symptoms would be expected after the treatment of OSAS. The present study examined the …
An Examination Of Individual And Organizational Factors Related To Emotional Labor, Robin Hughes Gosserand
An Examination Of Individual And Organizational Factors Related To Emotional Labor, Robin Hughes Gosserand
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Managing emotions in the workplace, termed emotional labor (Hochschild, 1983), is becoming increasingly important as the economy continues to become more service-oriented. Grandey (2000) defines emotional labor as the process of regulating feelings and expressions of emotions in order to achieve organizational goals. The regulation of observable expressions of emotions is known as surface acting, and the regulation of felt emotions is called deep acting. The current study tested a model of emotional labor including factors hypothesized to be related to surface acting and deep acting. Proposed antecedents include perceived display rule demands, commitment to display rules, positive and negative …
The Relationship Between Depression And Feeding Disorder Symptoms Among Persons With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, Stephen Bradley Mayville
The Relationship Between Depression And Feeding Disorder Symptoms Among Persons With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, Stephen Bradley Mayville
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
In recent years, feeding disorders have been described in detail, and various assessment and treatment methods for these disorders have been reported. Within the literature, an emphasis has been placed on functional variables responsible for the onset and maintenance of feeding disorders, yet little has been reported on the relationship between feeding disorders and other forms of psychopathology. Therefore, the relationship between depression and feeding disorders was assessed. Three groups of individuals were compared across subscales and individual items on the Screening Tool for Feeding Problems (STEP) to assess for differences in problematic feeding behavior. Individuals who met diagnostic criteria …
Barriers To Adherence In A Free Medication Program For Low Income Individual With Type 2 Diabetes, Bhrett A. Mccabe
Barriers To Adherence In A Free Medication Program For Low Income Individual With Type 2 Diabetes, Bhrett A. Mccabe
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Diabetes self-management and treatment require significant patient involvement to maintain appropriate glucose control. Glucose control is directly related to adherence to a variety of regimens, of which medication adherence may be most important. Unfortunately, adherence to these regimens has been quite poor. Among low income patients, the strongest reason given for medication nonadherence has been the cost associated with purchasing medication. In 1999, the Louisiana State University Health Care Services Division instituted a free medication program for low income individuals with chronic illnesses, including diabetes. Despite removing this strongest barrier to adherence among low income patients, initial data from this …
Further Validation Of The Child Routines Inventory (Cri): Relationship To Parenting Practices, Maternal Distress, And Child Externalizing Behavior, Sara Sytsma Jordan
Further Validation Of The Child Routines Inventory (Cri): Relationship To Parenting Practices, Maternal Distress, And Child Externalizing Behavior, Sara Sytsma Jordan
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The importance of establishing predictable routines during early childhood has been consistently emphasized by parenting experts in the popular press, despite limited empirical study or understanding of their relationship to child behavior. The lack of research may be partially due to a lack of instruments suitable for measuring children’s routines. The Child Routines Inventory (CRI) was developed as an empirically based parent-report measure of commonly occurring routines in school-aged children. Since its development, the CRI has demonstrated moderate correlations with related constructs, including family routines, child behavior problems, parenting stress, and maternal depression. However, child routines have not been evaluated …
Mediators Of Weight Loss In An Internet-Based Intervention For African American Adolescent Girls, Marney A. White
Mediators Of Weight Loss In An Internet-Based Intervention For African American Adolescent Girls, Marney A. White
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The primary aim of this study was to assess the process variables involved in a weight loss program for African-American adolescent girls. This internet-based intervention compared a behavioral treatment program to an educational treatment program; it was hypothesized that participants randomized to the behavioral condition would lose more weight at 6 months than those in the educational condition. Several process variables have been identified as affecting success in in vivo weight loss programs for adults and children, including program adherence, self-efficacy, and social support. The current study sought to broaden the understanding of these process variables as they pertain to …
The Nature Of Trust: Conceptual And Operational Clarification, Donna M. Romano
The Nature Of Trust: Conceptual And Operational Clarification, Donna M. Romano
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The importance of trust in working relationships is widely acknowledged among organizational researchers and practitioners. Unfortunately, trust is defined and measured differently across studies, making it difficult to integrate and compare research findings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to clarify the nature of trust as it exists across research and organizational settings. First, trust was conceptualized in terms of 10 defining characteristics based on a convergence and reconciliation of inconsistencies among existing definitions. These 10 characteristics of trust were incorporated into a single definition of trust to offer a more comprehensive description of the construct. Second, the Functional …
A Path Analysis Of Binge Eating And Obesity In African Americans: Acculturation, Racism, Emotional Distress, Binge Eating, Body Dissatisfaction, Attitudes Towards Obesity, Dietary Restraint, Dietary Fat Intake, And Physical Activity, Joy Rose Kohlmaier
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to test a general stress-related health behavior model as it applied to binge eating and obesity in African Americans using path analysis. Acculturation, racism, emotional distress, binge eating, and obesity were among the variables related to this theory, and included in the model. Other variables that have been implicated in the study of obesity in African Americans were also included, such as; lack of body dissatisfaction, accepting attitudes towards obesity, decreased dietary restraint, increased dietary fat intake and decreased physical activity. The study sample was 325 African Americans, including 187 females with a mean …
Relative Efficacy Of School-Home Notes With And Without Response Cost In Impoverished Elementary School Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Andrea Nichole Jurbergs
Relative Efficacy Of School-Home Notes With And Without Response Cost In Impoverished Elementary School Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Andrea Nichole Jurbergs
LSU Master's Theses
Daily report cards and punishment have proven to be effective methods of classroom behavior management. However, treatment effectiveness studies have not been designed to adequately compare the effects of rewarding and punishing consequences on behavior through a school-home note. The study of school-home note treatment effectiveness has focused on middle-class students with behavior problems; both ADHD and disadvantaged populations have been underresearched. Using a reversal, alternating treatments design, the present study will examine the effectiveness of a response-cost system added to school-home notes for increasing classwork completion and appropriate classroom behavior in several disadvantaged elementary school children with ADHD.
Goal Orientation And Feedback Sign As Predictors Of Changes In Motivation And Performance, Erin Michele Richard
Goal Orientation And Feedback Sign As Predictors Of Changes In Motivation And Performance, Erin Michele Richard
LSU Master's Theses
This study examined the dimensions of goal orientation as moderators of the effects of feedback sign on changes in self-efficacy, effort, and performance over time. In general, the effect of feedback sign on changes in self-efficacy, effort, and performance was hypothesized to be strong for individuals high on performance goal orientation (PGO) and weak for individuals high on learning goal orientation (LGO). Participants completed several performance blocks of an implicit learning task that required individuals to control the temperature of a simulated chemical reactor. Participants were given manipulated normative feedback after each trial. Self-efficacy, effort, and performance were assessed at …
Heavy Smokers Choose Large, Immediate Rewards With Large Penalties On A Simulated Task Of Gambling, Michael Shawn Businelle
Heavy Smokers Choose Large, Immediate Rewards With Large Penalties On A Simulated Task Of Gambling, Michael Shawn Businelle
LSU Master's Theses
The Gambling Task is a complex neuropsychological test (in the form of a card game) that examines the ability of individuals to assess potential immediate gains over long-term losses. Gambling Task performance has been examined in previous studies with individuals who are dependent on alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamine. These studies have shown that those who are dependent on the aforementioned substances perform more poorly on the Gambling Task than controls. Specifically, in relation to controls, drug/alcohol dependent individuals show impairment by tending to pick more cards that have large immediate gains and very large delayed punishers. The delayed punisher …
An Evaluation Of Distributed Practice Using Constant Time Delay In The Acquisition Of Sight Words With Children, Kashunda Lynn Williams
An Evaluation Of Distributed Practice Using Constant Time Delay In The Acquisition Of Sight Words With Children, Kashunda Lynn Williams
LSU Master's Theses
Although, distributed practice has been demonstrated to be superior to massed practice for learning, studies examining the degree of distribution needed to obtain this effect remain lacking. This study extends prior research by (1) determining if there is a difference in distributed practice schedules, when the total time to practice remains constant, (2) determining which schedule produces the superior amount of learning, and (3) determining which schedule produces superior retention of learned materials across time. Study participants were general education elementary school students referred for reading assistance. The constant time delay procedure was used to teach the participants sight words. …
The Impact Of Parents' Implementation Of A Structured Parent Reading Program On Their Children's Reading Fluency, Jennifer Luella Resetar
The Impact Of Parents' Implementation Of A Structured Parent Reading Program On Their Children's Reading Fluency, Jennifer Luella Resetar
LSU Master's Theses
This study investigated the effectiveness of a method of parent training and parent reading tutoring that built on past research. Parents of five first grade children, who were reading below grade level, participated. Parents were trained to implement a three-week tutoring procedure that included modeling, practice, phonics, fluency, accuracy, comprehension, and reinforcement components. According to permanent product examination, parent intervention implementation never fell below 82% integrity. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to analyze results. According to visual analysis, four of the five children showed significant gains in words correct per minute on tutored reading passages. There was …
Factors Influencing The Effects Of Realistic Job Previews On Applicant Judgments Of Organizational Attractiveness, Natalie Trask Bourgeois
Factors Influencing The Effects Of Realistic Job Previews On Applicant Judgments Of Organizational Attractiveness, Natalie Trask Bourgeois
LSU Master's Theses
Realistic job previews (RJPs) involve the presentation of both positive and negative job attributes to job applicants. Although several researchers have studied effects of RJPs on satisfaction, turnover, and performance, comparatively less research has focused on the effects of RJPs on attraction. This study extends previous RJP research by sampling both students who are education majors and currently employed teachers. It compared their ratings of attraction to organizations represented by an RJP or a traditional job preview (TJP). In addition, both teachers and education students completed a measure of negative affectivity (NA). Contrary to expectations, results of this study showed …
Toward Validation Of The Sports Behavior Checklist: A Comparison Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Control Group Children In A Sports Environment, Aaron Clendenin
LSU Master's Theses
Data from participants (N = 124) was entered into a principal components analysis to test the factor structure of the Sports Behavior Checklist ([SBC] Johnson & Rosen, 2000). The subscales of the SBC were correlated with relevant subscales of the Conners'- Revised Parent Form ( Conners, 1997) and Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Elliott, 1990). Both of these analyses were conducted to determine the construct validity of the instrument. Additionally, a subsample (N = 92) of low socioeconomic status individuals was used to compare groups of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (n = 49) and non-clinical (n = 43) children on the …
The Relationship Of Feeding Problems With The Use Of Antiepileptic Medication Among Persons With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, Rinita B. Laud
The Relationship Of Feeding Problems With The Use Of Antiepileptic Medication Among Persons With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, Rinita B. Laud
LSU Master's Theses
Epilepsy and/or seizure activity are frequently occurring phenomena and a significant co-morbid condition for persons with severe to profound intellectual disability (Burke, McKee, Pathak, Donahue, Parasuraman & Baltenhorst, 1999). The majority of seizure activity leads to deficits across a number of social, physical,occupational, and personal variables, and if left untreated, may lead to death in these individuals. The treatment of this condition frequently utilizes anti-epileptic medication, but these medications are often associated with a variety of side effects such as dental complications and disturbed gait. Previous researchers have suggested that these side effects may be manifested in forms of maladaptive …
Psychosocial Predictors Of Dietary Fat Reduction: The Role Of Stress And The Transtheroetical Model In A Dietary Intervention, Jennifer L. Francis
Psychosocial Predictors Of Dietary Fat Reduction: The Role Of Stress And The Transtheroetical Model In A Dietary Intervention, Jennifer L. Francis
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Dietary fat is related to cardiovascular disease and numerous intensive, controlled clinical trials have successfully reduced dietary fat in symptomatic populations. However, there has been less success in large, community-based studies with healthy or mildly at-risk populations. Little is known about predictors associated with actual change in dietary fat intake and this is an important omission because dietary interventions are more likely to be successful if they are based on factors known to influence behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial predictors of dietary fat and dietary fat reduction through the framework of the transtheoretical model …