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Articles 601 - 630 of 818
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Grade Retention In High Stakes And Low Stakes Testing Years, Anna Elizabeth Ball
Grade Retention In High Stakes And Low Stakes Testing Years, Anna Elizabeth Ball
LSU Master's Theses
Recent political calls for an end to social promotion have led to an era in which many states are using high stakes tests to make retention decisions. Several decades of research have shown that retention is not an effective practice academically or socially. Louisiana is one state that has adopted a high stakes testing policy. This study examines a state-wide database to examine the predictors of retention in high stakes and low stakes testing years. Multiple regression analyses, discriminant analyses, and logistic regression analyses were run on data from students in grade 4 through grade 8 in Louisiana. The results …
Competency In Forensic Examinations: What Variables Predict Restoration?, Devan R. Guidry
Competency In Forensic Examinations: What Variables Predict Restoration?, Devan R. Guidry
LSU Master's Theses
Competency to Stand Trial (CST), also known as adjudicative competency, remains an important issue for both judicial and mental health systems, and much effort is invested in research designed to define, assess and determine what factors are most relevant for restoring CST. The purpose of this study was to provide information that might improve the ability to predict which individuals would eventually become competent. Archival data were reviewed for 79 inpatient defendants referred for competency restoration treatment. Although information was incomplete, comparisons were made between those who remained incompetent (IST; n =15) and those who were restored to competency (CST; …
The Depression Scale For Severe Disability: A Diagnostic Tool For The Assessment Of Depression In Adults With Severe And Profound Intellectual Disabilities, Christopher Cooper
The Depression Scale For Severe Disability: A Diagnostic Tool For The Assessment Of Depression In Adults With Severe And Profound Intellectual Disabilities, Christopher Cooper
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The Depression Scale for Severe Disability(DEPRESSED) is a clinically and empirically derived informant-report behavioral rating scale designed to measure depression in persons with severe and profound intellectual disabilities by assessing behavioral symptoms of depression. Behavioral symptoms of depression and item and factor analyses were used to construct the scale resulting in a 20-item four-factor solution producing factors that were labeled "Sleep"(F1), "Mood"(F2), "Skills"(F3), and "Motor"(F4). The DEPRESSED identified the core symptoms of depression including mood, anhedonia, sleep, appetite, fatigue, and psychomotor agitation and retardation. Internal consistency, interrater and test-retest reliability of the DEPRESSED scale were excellent. The DEPRESSED also demonstrated …
Effects Of Smoking And Nicotine Withdrawal On Prospective Memory, Carla Jean Rash
Effects Of Smoking And Nicotine Withdrawal On Prospective Memory, Carla Jean Rash
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to successfully remember an intention to be carried out in the future. The current study investigated the effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine withdrawal on PM. Smokers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: nondeprived or deprived of nicotine for the 24-hours preceding the appointment. Nonsmokers were included for comparison. To mimic the experience of smokers during cessation attempts and to assess the potential additive effect of withdrawal, all smokers engaged in a cue reactivity task with the intent of increasing craving to comparable levels across the smoker groups. Despite equivalent use …
Etiology Of Traumatic Brain Injury: Impact On Psychological Functioning, Jeffrey James Schneider
Etiology Of Traumatic Brain Injury: Impact On Psychological Functioning, Jeffrey James Schneider
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to violence has received increased research focus in recent years, with numerous studies examining the impact of violent TBI on cognitive and psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies have examined psychological outcomes following violent TBI. The present study examined the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with TBI due to violence (n = 180) and other causes (n = 360). Results indicated that while etiology was not a significant predictor of psychological status, overall there were some differences in endorsement of depressive and anxious symptoms among individuals with moderate to severe injuries compared …
The Effect Of Food Deprivation On Cigarette Smoking In Females, Darla E. Kendzor
The Effect Of Food Deprivation On Cigarette Smoking In Females, Darla E. Kendzor
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Studies have shown that food deprivation is associated with increases in the self-administration of nicotine and other substances in laboratory animals. However, little is known about the effects of food deprivation on substance use in humans. The purpose of the present study was to compare smoking rates, expired carbon monoxide levels, and smoking topography in 15 female participants during a state of acute food deprivation and in a non-deprived state. A within-subjects design was utilized to test the primary hypotheses that smoking rate and expired carbon monoxide levels would be greater among the participants in the food-deprived condition than in …
An Applied Evaluation Of Resurgence: Functional Communication Training (Fct) And Treatment Relapse, Valerie Marie Volkert
An Applied Evaluation Of Resurgence: Functional Communication Training (Fct) And Treatment Relapse, Valerie Marie Volkert
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Extinction is a very important component of functional communication training (FCT). Thus, the potential undesirable effects of extinction must be considered before this type of treatment is implemented. Resurgence, the recurrence of previously reinforced behavior when another behavior is placed on extinction, is a possible undesirable effect of extinction. Resurgence may account for some instances of treatment relapse in situations where problem behavior recovers following implementation of extinction-based treatments such as FCT. Despite the potential relevance of resurgence to understanding why problem behavior may re-emerge, few applied studies have examined resurgence effects. The current study attempted to determine whether resurgence …
Source Memory, Subjective Awareness, And The Word Frequency Mirror Effect, Benjamin A. Martin
Source Memory, Subjective Awareness, And The Word Frequency Mirror Effect, Benjamin A. Martin
LSU Master's Theses
The current study investigated the subjective states of recollection and familiarity in source memory. Participants studied low and high frequency words, presented in one of two sources, and were then asked to make source decisions and subjective judgments of recollection and familiarity at test. Half of participants were asked to identify the source of an item before the subjective awareness judgment (SM-first group), while the other half of participants made a source decision to an item after judging it as recollected or familiar (RF-first group). The test order manipulation affected participants’ patterns of responding. Participants in the RF-first group tended …
An Investigation Of Maternal Psychopathology As A Moderator Of Child Response Following Hurricane Katrina, Ann Wingate Spell
An Investigation Of Maternal Psychopathology As A Moderator Of Child Response Following Hurricane Katrina, Ann Wingate Spell
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Previous disaster research has focused on possible risk factors that contribute to child psychological distress following disaster exposure. One of these factors, parental psychopathology, has consistently been indicated as associated with and predictive of child functioning post-disaster. In related areas of violence exposure, researchers have gone beyond correlation and prediction in their attempt to elucidate the relationship between parental psychopathology and child functioning post-trauma. Such researchers have investigated and confirmed parental psychopathology as a moderator variable in the relationship between child violence exposure and child functioning. Thus, in considering the status of research regarding risk factors of child functioning post-disaster …
The Convergent Validity Of The Scale For The Evaluation And Identification Of Seizures, Epilepsy And Anticonvulsant Side Effects-B (Seizes-B), Kimberly Robin Michelle Smith
The Convergent Validity Of The Scale For The Evaluation And Identification Of Seizures, Epilepsy And Anticonvulsant Side Effects-B (Seizes-B), Kimberly Robin Michelle Smith
LSU Master's Theses
Prevalence rates of epilepsy in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are much higher than in the general population. Although antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy is considered the first line of treatment, a significant number of individuals on AEDs still do not achieve total seizure control. Further, many individuals experience side effects (SE) from long-term AED use. The assessment of AED SE in individuals with ID and epilepsy is an important aspect of treatment. The present study focused on the Scale for the Evaluation and Identification of Seizures, Epilepsy, and Anticonvulsant Side Effects-B (SEIZES-B), developed to assess SE from AED use in …
Individual And Organizational Differences In Organizational Commitment And Escalation Of Commitment, Molly J. Russ
Individual And Organizational Differences In Organizational Commitment And Escalation Of Commitment, Molly J. Russ
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The present study extended the literature on employee commitment and escalation bias to include individual and organizational difference factors. Escalation bias refers to the tendency for a decision-maker to become overly committed to the decision focus (e.g., the organization, supervisor, an ongoing project) even in light of negative feedback regarding the person’s or project’s performance (Moon, 2001; Staw, 1976). An escalation of commitment to a losing course of action is viewed as risky and often costly behavior to organizations. The main purpose of the present study was to identify factors that may predispose persons to escalate their commitment. While using …
Assessing The Influence Of Religion On Health Behavior, David B. Creel
Assessing The Influence Of Religion On Health Behavior, David B. Creel
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
A primary aim of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the Health and Religious Congruency Scale (HARCS), a measure previously developed by the same research team. The HARCS questions directly link religious beliefs/activities to health behaviors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the current data fit poorly to the factor structure found in the pilot study. Because the current sample was more religiously diverse than the pilot study sample, and could potentially provide a factor structure that better reflects the views of individuals from different religious affiliations, a principal components analysis was conducted on the current data. …
The Relation Between Episodic Memory And Artificial Grammar Learning, Thomas Earl Watkins, Iii
The Relation Between Episodic Memory And Artificial Grammar Learning, Thomas Earl Watkins, Iii
LSU Master's Theses
Two artificial grammar learning experiments were conducted to study the acquisition of episodic and grammar knowledge with manipulations designed to enhance one or the other type of knowledge. The first experiment trained subjects to recognize specific exemplars (episodic emphasis) or to identify patterns of family resemblance (semantic focus), and then participants were given both an episodic (specific exemplar recognition) and grammar (valid string identification) test. The episodic emphasis training led to better episodic knowledge and equivalent grammar knowledge. The second experiment investigated the same training types over a longer training period and under presence or absence of interference from different …
In Search Of The Optimal Cueing Schedule In Self-Monitoring Of Attention With Typically Developing Children, Amanda M. Dahir
In Search Of The Optimal Cueing Schedule In Self-Monitoring Of Attention With Typically Developing Children, Amanda M. Dahir
LSU Master's Theses
Self-Monitoring of Attention (SMA) is a behavioral technique in which an individual assesses whether or not a target behavior (e.g. off-task behavior) has occurred and then records the result. In this study, two components were manipulated in a SMA procedure: the use of a tactile prompt and the schedule at which prompts are delivered. While SMA is a well-established intervention for increasing on-task behavior and decreasing problem behavior, standardizing the procedures has received little to no research. The current study examined the length of the cueing interval and compared different percentages of an individual's inter response time (IRT) (50% IRT, …
The Relative Impact Of Nicotine Dependence Versus Other Substance Dependence On Decision-Making, Michael S. Businelle
The Relative Impact Of Nicotine Dependence Versus Other Substance Dependence On Decision-Making, Michael S. Businelle
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Research has indicated that individuals who are dependent on substances may have decision-making deficits that contribute to their continued substance use. Previous studies have shown that substance-dependent individuals focus more on the immediate rather than the delayed consequences of their actions, and more rapidly discount rewards that are available after a delay than individuals without a history of substance dependence. The present study compared the performance of four groups of individuals on the Gambling Task and the Delayed Discounting Task. The groups were (a) heavy smokers with comorbid substance dependence, (b) heavy smokers with no history of substance dependence, (c) …
Source Memory And The Picture Superiority Effect, Noelle L. Brown
Source Memory And The Picture Superiority Effect, Noelle L. Brown
LSU Master's Theses
Two experiments were conducted to explore whether a picture superiority effect exists in source memory. To investigate this issue, participants studied a mixed list of pictures and words. Experiment 1 tested people's memory for an organizational source where half the pictures and words were studied on the left or right side of a computer monitor. In Experiment 2 an associative source was tested. During encoding half of the pictures and words were associated with a female voice and the other half with a male voice. At test, participants' memory for the location or voice of the pictures and words was …
Error Training: An Examination Of Metacognition, Emotion Control, Intrinsic Motivation, And Knowledge As Mediators Of Performance Effects, Natalie T. Bourgeois
Error Training: An Examination Of Metacognition, Emotion Control, Intrinsic Motivation, And Knowledge As Mediators Of Performance Effects, Natalie T. Bourgeois
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Error Management Training (EMT) is a method of training that encourages trainees to make errors during training and to view those errors as beneficial for learning. Previous research has shown support for the benefits of EMT on metacognition, emotion control, intrinsic motivation and transfer performance compared to traditional error avoidant training. Also, previous research has found support for the mediating effects of metacognition and emotion control on the training type (i.e., EMT vs. error avoidant) and transfer performance relationship. However, previous research has not determined whether the increased metacognition, emotion control, and intrinsic motivation of EMT individuals has its effects …
Relationship Between Problem Behaviors, Function, And Adaptive Skills In Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Noha Farrah Minshawi
Relationship Between Problem Behaviors, Function, And Adaptive Skills In Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Noha Farrah Minshawi
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The problem behaviors of self-injury, aggression, and stereotypies are among the most troubling and difficult to treat behaviors in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). One factor that has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of problem behaviors in individuals with ID is adaptive skills deficits. However, the nature of the relationship between problem behaviors and adaptive skills deficits is not well understood. This relationship was assessed in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the researcher found an inverse, curvilinear relationship between problem behaviors (as identified by the Behavior Problems Inventory; BPI), and adaptive skills (as measured by the Vineland Adaptive …
Do Overweight Inactive Parents Raise Overweight Inactive Children? Examination Of The Influence Of The Home Environment On Weight Status Of Children Over Time, Emily York-Crowe
Do Overweight Inactive Parents Raise Overweight Inactive Children? Examination Of The Influence Of The Home Environment On Weight Status Of Children Over Time, Emily York-Crowe
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The primary aim of this study was to test whether body mass index (BMI), psychosocial, and behavioral parental variables were associated with similar variables in children at baseline, and whether these variables also served as significant predictors of overweight status in children after two years. While there have been several cross-sectional studies examining the impact of parental behaviors and characteristics on similar variables in children, and several longitudinal studies predicting weight status, BMI percentile, and risk factors of disease in children over time, there is a paucity of research that has identified (cross-sectionally) and then tested (longitudinally) significant parental variables …
Animation In Artificial Grammar Learning: Can Animation Facilitate Learning?, Bill Sallas
Animation In Artificial Grammar Learning: Can Animation Facilitate Learning?, Bill Sallas
LSU Master's Theses
Domangue, Mathews, Sun, Roussel, and Guidry (2004) trained participants to generate valid exemplars from an artificial grammar using either memory-based or model-based processing. Their results showed that learning by memory-based processing resulted in fast but inaccurate performance, while model-based learning resulted in slow but accurate performance. Attempts to integrate both types of training did not result in fast and accurate string generation. Fast and accurate performance was achieved by Sun and Mathews (2004) using a computer animated display to train participants. The current study used a 2x2x2 factorial design to determine why participants who view an animated display of a …
The Relationship Between Parent-Adolescent Conflict And Academic Achievement, Marie S. Nebel-Schwalm
The Relationship Between Parent-Adolescent Conflict And Academic Achievement, Marie S. Nebel-Schwalm
LSU Master's Theses
Previous research has shown family conflict to have a detrimental effect on the academic functioning of children and adolescents. Most research conceptualizes family conflict as marital distress or divorce. Additional factors that have been shown to effect academic functioning include cognitive ability (i.e., intelligence), academic skills (e.g., homework behaviors), and amount of resources (i.e., socioeconomic status, SES). The present study investigated whether parent-adolescent conflict is related to adolescent academic achievement after accounting for cognitive ability and homework behaviors. Participants include 74 middle school students attending public school in a low-SES urban environment. Prior to conducting analyses, parent and adolescent reports …
Knowledge Representation Acquired In A Dynamic Process Control Task, Robert Prattini
Knowledge Representation Acquired In A Dynamic Process Control Task, Robert Prattini
LSU Master's Theses
The dissociation between explicit and implicit knowledge has been shown in a number of previous studies utilizing the process control task, where participants would learn to control the system well, but not be able to verbally articulate their knowledge (Berry & Broadbent, 1984; Berry & Broadbent, 1988; Mathews, Buss, Stanley, Blanchard-Fields, Cho, & Druhan, 1989; Roussel, 1999; Sun & Mathews, 2005). This study attempts to advance this basic research in the area of implicit learning by examining the type of mental knowledge representation acquired in implicitly learned tasks, and also assess the transfer of that knowledge to conceptually similar tasks. …
Integration Of Conceptual Mathematical Relationships Into Constant Time Delay Instruction, Bethany Ann Porter
Integration Of Conceptual Mathematical Relationships Into Constant Time Delay Instruction, Bethany Ann Porter
LSU Master's Theses
There is constant debate over mathematics education in the United States. One central controversy is whether or not the current methods used to teach students mathematics are effective. Some scholars believe that students are not getting enough practice and that they are not getting a good conceptual understanding of mathematics. It has been shown that mathematics equations are rich in patterns and inter-relationships and when children understand these relationships they have higher mathematic skill levels than their peers who do not. This study examined the effectiveness of using an empirically supported, fast paced mastery oriented teaching procedure that promotes automaticity …
Is Attention Unitary Or Divisible By Modality?, Sharon Diane Lynn
Is Attention Unitary Or Divisible By Modality?, Sharon Diane Lynn
LSU Master's Theses
Using the attentional network task (ANT) developed by Fan et al. (2002) and a modification of this task, the development of selective attention in a bimodal (auditory and visual) task is measured and compared to the results and development of the visual version of the task. The theoretical purpose of the study was to determine whether the attentional mechanism involved in this task is organized as a single mechanism or into modality-specific mechanisms. It was shown that adults needed specific instructions to efficiently use the auditory spatial warning cues but instructions were not required for efficient use of visual spatial …
Effects Of Smoking Cessation And Female Sex Hormones On Food Intake In Postmenopausal Women, Megan Ranae Apperson
Effects Of Smoking Cessation And Female Sex Hormones On Food Intake In Postmenopausal Women, Megan Ranae Apperson
LSU Master's Theses
Following smoking cessation, individuals increase their food intake. Women experience greater postcessation hyperphagia than men, and older women may increase their food intake more than younger women. Some research has suggested that postcessation increases in food intake may be macronutrient specific. However, previous investigations of macronutrient specific changes in food intake following smoking cessation have had significant methodological problems. The current study assessed changes in total food intake and macronutrient selection using the Macronutrient Self-Selection Paradigm (MSSP), a direct, laboratory based measure of food intake that is valid and reliable with respect to macronutrient intake. Fifty-five postmenopausal females completed the …
Training Parents In Consequence Delivery And To Initiate School Communication Using An Electronic Home-Based Reinforcement Program To Modify Students' Classroom Behaviors, Kashunda Lynn Williams
Training Parents In Consequence Delivery And To Initiate School Communication Using An Electronic Home-Based Reinforcement Program To Modify Students' Classroom Behaviors, Kashunda Lynn Williams
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Existing research has shown that when parents and teachers work together, everyone benefits; students tend to earn higher grades, perform better on tests, attend school more regularly, have better behavior, and show more positive attitudes toward themselves and toward school (Canter, 2004). This study builds upon these findings by examining the effects of parent training and a parent implemented intervention (parent initiated home-school note via email) on students’ maladaptive classroom behavior and teachers’ ratings on Achenbach’s Teacher Report Form and Conner’s Ratings Scales. In addition, the effects of emailing parental performance feedback on parents’ adherence to intervention procedures (parent initiated …
The Rate Of Decline Of Social Skills Across Dementing And Non-Dementing Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: A Longitudinal Study, Julia D. Lott
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study sought to establish rate of decline of adaptive skills in a population of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and dementia compared to similar persons without dementia, as well as examining the variability of positive and negative social behaviors across diagnostic classes. Among the general population, differential rates of functional decline have been established for normal aging and dementia. This knowledge assists in making differential diagnoses of dementia, establishing prognosis, and long-term planning. For this study, participants in each group were individually matched for age, gender, Down’s syndrome status, and level of ID. Participants in the matched control group …
How Cue-Dependent Is Memory?: Internal Reinstatement And Cueing Effects In Recognition And Source Memory, Jeffrey Joseph Starns
How Cue-Dependent Is Memory?: Internal Reinstatement And Cueing Effects In Recognition And Source Memory, Jeffrey Joseph Starns
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study explored the role of internal context reinstatement in masking the effects of external context cues on recognition and source memory. Participants studied words paired with pictures of male and female faces. Following the study phase, participants completed either a source test in which they decided whether each test word was studied with a male or female face (Experiments 1, 3, and 4) or a recognition test in which they decided whether each test word appeared in the study phase (Experiment 2). On selected trials, a studied face was reinstated at test to serve as a cue for the …
Psychometric Validity For The Matson Evaluation Of Drug Side Effects And The Akathisia Rating Of Movement Scale, Mark Joseph Garcia
Psychometric Validity For The Matson Evaluation Of Drug Side Effects And The Akathisia Rating Of Movement Scale, Mark Joseph Garcia
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by a sense of restlessness and increased motor activity. Movement disorders are primarily an iatrogenic result of mediation use. In the case of akathisia, this syndrome is easily misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder. As a result, there is a need to development greater awareness and encourage research on akathisia and the movement disorder field at large. Accordingly, the APA has included research criteria for the movement disorder syndromes in the Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual since the fourth revision. The purpose of this project was to …
The Relationship Between Mania And Feeding/Mealtime Behavior Problems Among Persons With Intellectual Disability, Rinita Laud
The Relationship Between Mania And Feeding/Mealtime Behavior Problems Among Persons With Intellectual Disability, Rinita Laud
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study represents the first to assess whether a relationship between mania and feeding/mealtime behavior problems exists in individuals with ID. Participants were compared across three groups (manic, non-manic psychiatrically impaired, and controls) on subscales and items of the Screening Tool for fEeding Problems (STEP). An attempt was made to assess for differences in problematic feeding behavior. Individuals in the manic group exhibited clinically significant symptoms of mania (n = 18), those in the non-manic psychiatrically impaired group exhibited symptoms of psychopathology other than mania (n = 18), and those in the control group did not exhibit symptoms of mania …